
y 






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V 
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CONCERNING THIS BOOK 



The appropriation of $100,000 for the erection of a monument in 
honor of the Soldiers and Sailors of Philadelphia in the Civil War 
and for the publication of this book was provided for as an item ini 
the loan bill of 191 1, approved by vote of the people. The movement 
for this appropriation was initiated by the Grand Army Association, 
with the co-operation of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and the 
Sons of Veterans, forming a Joint Committee of the representatives of 
each body, which met October twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and eleven, 
and by resolution recommended an official historian. This action was 
subsequently ratified by the Joint Committee of Councils on Soldiers and 
Sailors Monument, and the sum of $10,000 was fixed upon for the cost of 
10,000 copies of the book. The general direction and scope of the 
publication was entrusted, by Mayor Blankenburg, to a special Advisory 
Committee. The book was completed at the end of the year nineteen 
hundred and thirteen. 



J PHILADELPHIA 



IN THE 



CIVIL WAR 

1861 1865 



FRANK H. TAYLOR 



ILLUSTRATED 1?R0M CONTEMPORARY PRINTS 

AND PHOTOGRAPHS AND FROM DRAWINGS 

BY THE AUTHOR 




PUBLISHED BY THE CITY 
1913 




flss 
.T^5 



Members of Joint Standing Committee of Councils on Soldiers* 

Monument, 1910-11. 

EDWARD J. ADAMSON, Thurber T. Brazer, Eduard Buchholz, 
James E. Byram, William J, Crawford, Kennedy Crossan, E. 
S. Davis, John W. Davidson (Chairman), Alfred M. De Pre- 
fontaine, Thomas J. Duff, E. B. Gleason, James Hazlett, William 
H. Holmes, Thomas S. T. Mackaleer, Neale MacNeill, George McCurdy, 
Melchor Myers, William F. Morrison, David F. Murphy, Walter C. 
Rex, Fred. Schwarz, N. J. Schumacker, Walter T. Sykes, John, G. 
Voigt, W. W. Weaver, William C. Williams. 



Members of Joint Standing Committee of Councils on Soldiers' 
Monument, 1912-1913. 

Edward J. Adamson, Elias Abrams, Eduard Buchholz, John Bethke, 
William J. Crawford, George P. Darrow, P. Oliver Derr, A. M. 
De Prefontaine, George A. Gilson, James Gourie, John H. Hahn 
(Chairman), Henry J. Klos, Henry C. Kline, Bernard J. McGuigan, S. 
McQuade, John R. Minehart, George Mitchell, Francis P. Moitz, John 
J. McKinley, Jr., William H. Millick, David F. Murphy, George C. 
Parry, Sheldon Potter, F. A. Smith. 



Supervisory Committee on Historical Book. 
■ ■'^ ; (Appointed by Mayor Rudolph Blankenburg.) 

Coi. Robert B. Beath, Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson, Major-Gen. James 
W. Latta. 



Printed under direction of the Department of Supplies, 
Hon. Herman Loeb, Director. 



Copyright, 1913. 

by RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG 

for the City. 



Printed by 
'9j4 DUNLAP printing COMPANY, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 



L/ 



CI,A3G1534 \f- 



OFFICE OF THE MAYOR 
PHILADELPHIA 



March 14th, 1912. 



Col. Robert B. Beath, 

Philadelphia, Pa. 

My Dear Colonei*: 

I have taken the liberty of appointing you a member of a special committee of 
three to co-operate with me in regard to the publication of a book, "Philadel- 
phia in the Civil War," by Frank H. Taylor. 

As an old soldier, you are undoubtedly interested in the work, and I am very 
desirous to have it do full credit to all those concerned in its publication. The 
other members of the Committee are Colonel John P. Nicholson and General 
James W. Latta. ***** 

Hoping you will accept the appointment and thus help me in a worthy cause, 
I am, with regards, 

Very truly yours, 

RUDOLPH BLANKENBURG, 

Mayor. 

REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE 

December ist, 1913. 
Hon. Rudolph Blankenburg, 

Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. 

The members of the Special Committee appointed by you to co-operate with 
you in the publication of "Philadelphia in the Civil War," by Frank H. Taylor, 
respectfully submit that: 

They have read the manuscript while the work was in course of preparation, 
followed the proof as its publication progressed, have been repeatedly in session, 
and in constant consultation with the author. The book is the result of the 
author's conscientious, resourceful, intelligent and untiring industry. Original 
research has uncovered facts not heretofore disclosed; official records appealed to, 
and personal recollections sought for to supply matter not previously available. 

The literary construction of the work exhibits a control of language which, 
while it preserves a most attractive and readable style, concentrates the material 
from a great mass of the literature of the times. 

The regimental sketches have been verified or revised either by leading mem- 
bers of the associations, where regimental associations have been maintained, and 
in their absence from the personal recollections of survivors. 

The illustrations are from contemporary prints, with original drawings by 
the author. They have been selected with a discriminating judgment, many are 
of especial historic value, and together they give to the text a sentiment that 
invites the reader's close attention. 

A substantial historic asset, added to the City archives, the work will ever 
remain a "living witness" to Philadelphia's prompt and patriotic response in men 
and means when the country most needed the help of the soldier and the sailor. 

ROBERT B. BEATH, 
JOHN P. NICHOLSON, 
JAMES W. LATTA, 

Committee. 



THE TRIBUTE OF WAR 



THERE is "a theme of martial music which represents the ap- 
proach, the presence and the departing march of a body of 
soldiery. The first faint notes grow clearer and louder until, 
amid the acclaim of trumpets, the brisk beat of drums and 
with the quick stride of an aspiring movement, the troops sweep by in all 
the brilliance and panoply of war, and then their tread slowly recedes 
away."* 

So the Union volunteers of the great American war came, in proud 
array, along the flag-draped corridors of our national history, passed on 
to their mission, consecrated to the cause of national integrity. What- 
ever may now be told of their heroism and triumph can be but an echo 
of the music which led them on; which stirred the souls of all loyal and 
patriotic men and women of that far-gone time. 

Written half a century beyond the days of which it relates, this 
book is, at best, only an outline of events, guiding the student of our 
local annals to those abundant sources of information, the numerous 
regimental histories, official records and personal narrations to be found 
in the libraries, wherein the glory, suffering and sorrow of war are de- 
picted, and where the names and deeds of all soldiers and sailors of 
Philadelphia who had a part in the great conflict are inscribed. There 
has been but scant room between these covers to portray the ardor of 
the men, the sacrifices by women, the patriotic toil of children in the 
schools. It was a time of all-pervading self abnegation, changing the 
fortunes of a whole community. Out of the travail of this loyal city has 
arisen her prosperity and greatness of to-day. 

Monuments are erected to the honor of our heroes of the Civil War, 
but the greatest of memorials is the splendid fact of a Union restored 
and perfected, looking out upon the world unafraid, based upon the rock 
of enduring Freedom, an example for the patriots of every nation to 
follow, and in the consummation of which the people of Philadelphia 
had an honorable part. 

* From an address by Colonel William McMichael upon the placing of the 
corner-stone of the First Regiment Armory, April 19th, 1882. 




PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER AND MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS COMPOSED OF, OR 

INCLUDING, PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES WHICH SERVED 

IN THE COURSE OF THE CIVIL WAR 



Washington Brigade, ist and 2d Regiments, Gen. William F. Small, not 
mustered in. 

Three Months' Service, 1861. 

17th, i8th, 19th, 20th, 2ist, 22d, 23d, 24th Infantry; Commonwealth Artillery; 
First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry; McMuUen Rangers. 

Three Years' Service. 

23d, 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 36th, 41st, 56th, 58th, 6ist, 66th, 67th, 
68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 74th, 75th, 8 1 St, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 9Sth, 98th, 99th, 
io6th, 109th, iioth, 114th, 115th, ii6th, Ii8th, 119th, 121st, 147th, 150th, 157th, 
183d, i86th, 187th, i88th Infantry; 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 
15th, i6th, 17th, i8th, 19th, 20th Cavalry; 2d and 3d Artillery; 2d Provisional 
Heavy Artillery; Schaffer's Battery A; Independent Company Engineers. 

Colored Troops. 

3d, 6th, 8th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 32d, 41st, 43d, 45th, 127th Infantry; colored troops. 
These regiments were raised as a part of the United States Army and were 
not credited to the State of Pennsylvania. 

One-Year Service. 

I92d, 198th, 199th, 203d, 213th, 214th, 215th Infantry, and Keystone Ind. 
Battery. 

Nine Months' Service. 
154th and 179th Infantry. 

Six Months' Service, 1863. 

20th Cavalry; First Battalion Infantry; Third Battalion Infantry; Woodward's 
Ind. Battery. 

Militia Emergency Service, 1862. 

7th (not mustered), 8th, 9th, 20th, 21st, 25th Regiments; Battalion (National 
Guards); Ind. Battalion Baldwin Light Infantry; Haine's Ind. Company Infantry; 
Wilson's Ind. Company Infantry; Robertson's Ind. Battery; Miller's Ind. Battery; 
Landis' Ind. Battery. 

Militia, Ninety Days' Service, 1863. 

32d, 40th, 44th, 4Sth, 49th, 51st, 52d, 54th, 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 6oth 
Infantry; Rich's Ind. Company Infantry; Frishmuth's Ind. Battery; Fitzki's Ind. 
Battery; Hasting's Ind. Battery; Dana Troop, Cavalry. 

Militia Emergency Service, 1863. 

20th, 31st, 33d Infantry; Mann's Ind. Company Infantry; Spear's Ind. Com- 
pany Infantry; Campbell's Ind. Company Infantry; Landis Ind. Battery; Miller's 
Ind. Battery; First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. 



One Hundred Days' Service, 1864-1865. 

Ba 
)re 

5 



196th, 197th Infantry; Keystone Battery; Stroud's Ind. Railroad Troop; 
Southard's Ind. Company Infantry (colored troops). 



COINTBINTS 



Page 

The Shadow of Armed Conflict 9 

President-elect Abraham Lincoln at Philadelphia 15 

The State Military Establishment 16 

Pennsylvania Militia, Philadelphia Commands, 1861 18 

Historic Militia Commands of the City 20 

Artillery Corps, Washington Grays 21 

The National Guards 23 

Landis Battery 23 

The Scott Legion 24 

The State Fencibles 25 

The U. S. Arsenals at Philadelphia 26 

The Washington Brigade, 1861 27 

The Closed Gate at Baltimore 30 

Organization and Work of the Military Department of Pennsylvania 31 

The Three Months' Volunteers, 1861 33 

Philadelphia Commands, Three Months' Service, 1861 35 

The Philadelphia Home Guard 40 

May and June, 1861. A Surplus of Enlistments 41 

The Military District of Philadelphia 43 

War Service of the Railroads 44 

The Three Years' Regiments 48 to 184 

Army Bands 185 

Colored Troops, Camp William Penn 186 

Some of the Fighting Regiments 195 

Fort Delaware and Fort Mifflin 19$ 

The Navy 200 

Work at the Old Philadelphia Navy Yard and in Private Ship Yards 201 

War Service of Our Ships 204 

The Naval Hospital and Home 206 

The Refreshment Saloon Movement in Southwark 207 

The Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home and the Soldiers' Home in the City of 

Philadelphia 213 

Before Antietam 215 

Philadelphia Troops, Emergency Militia of 1862 218 

The Civil War Financed in Philadelphia 220 

The Military Hospitals at Philadelphia 224 

Philadelphia Surgeons who Served 227 

The Citizens' Volunteer Hospital 230 

West Philadelphia (Satterlee) U. S. General Hospital 231 

Mower U. S. General Hospital 234 

A Key to the Official Records of the Military Hospitals 235 

The United States Army Laboratory 236 

The Invalid Corps, Companies Recruited in Philadelphia 236 

Patriotic Volunteer Firemen 237 

The Union League of Philadelphia 239 

The Invasion of 1863, Gettysburg 242 

Local Defences in 1863 245 

Organizing for Defence 245 

Emergency Militia from Philadelphia, 1863 247 

Ninety-Day Militia from Philadelphia, 1863 249 

6 



Page 

Monuments, Markers and Tablets at Gettysburg 252 

Gettysburg, 1913 256 

Semi-Centennial Reunion at Gettysburg, July, 1913 257 

July 4th, 1863 259 

The Ellets and the Mississippi Ram Fleet 259 

Philadelphia Companies Enlisted in Regiments of Other States 260 

Eastern Troops to the Army of the Cumberland 261 

The United States Sanitary Commission 262 

The Christian Commission 264 

The Patriotic Clergy and Chaplains 265 

Bounties and Drafts 267 

Camp Philadelphia 270 

Camp Cadwalader 270 

The One-Year Regiments, 1864-5 271 

Enlisted for Nine Months 275 

One Hundred Day Troops, 1864-5 276 

Army Necrology 280 

Citizens of Philadelphia who Gained the Rank of General Officers 292 

Brevets in Philadelphia Regiments 294 

Regiments Losing Fifty or More Killed or Fatally Wounded 297 

Boy Soldiers of "61-65" 298 

Central High School in the Army and Navy 300 

U. of P. in War 301 

Girard College in the Army 301 

A Pennsylvania Monument at Cold Harbor 302 

Recruiting Stations in Philadelphia 302 

Some Local Associations for the Aid and Comfort of the Soldiers 306 

Relief from the City 310 

When Richmond Fell 310 

Three Sundays 3" 

The Welcome Home, 1865 313 

Famous War Songs 3^4 

Return of the Colors 3i5 

Major-Gen. Charles Ferguson Smith 320 

The Dahlgrens 320 

Thomas Buchanan Read 321 

James E. Murdock 322 

Military Order of the Loyal Legion 323 

Grand Army of the Republic 324 

Memorial Day in Philadelphia 328 

National Cemetery at Philadelphia 329 

Grand Army Association 330 

Regimental Associations 330 

Organizations of Naval Veterans 33i 

The Association of Union Ex-Prisoners of War 332 

The Women's Relief Corps 333 

Army and Navy Medal of Honor Men 334 

The Sons of Veterans, U. S. of A 337 

Principal Memorials of the Civil War Located in Philadelphia 338 

Reorganization of the National Guard of Pennsylvania 339 

Regimental Histories at the Libraries 34i 

War Chronology, Philadelphia 344 

Index 356 



lULrUSTRATIOINS 



Facing Page 

Alexander Henry, War Mayor of Philadelphia 8 

Philadelphia Zouaves Passing Independence Hall i6 

A Soldier of the First Infantry \^ 

Frankford Arsenal 24 

Schuylkill Arsenal 25 

Pennsylvania R. R. Station and The Girard House in 1861 32 

P. W. & B. R. R. Station 33 

Armory, National Guards 40 

City Arsenal and Ladner's Military Hall 41 

Tablet, Gen. George A. McCall 72 

Camp Washington, Easton, Pa 73 

Union Volunteer Hospital 80 

Cooper Shop Soldiers' Home 80 

State Arsenal, Broad Street 81 

Broad Street U- S. General Hospital 81 

Citizens' Volunteer Hospital 96 

Moyamensing Hall and Old Carriage Factory, Fifth and Buttonwood Streets . . 97 

Camp Meigs, Sixth Cavalry 112 

Camp BaUier, 98th Infantry, and Camp N. P. Banks, 114th Infantry 113 

Camp Stanton, 19th Cavalry 136 

Camp Union, I i8th Infantry 137 

Camp Gallagher, 13th Cavalry I37 

Camp William Penn 184 

School for the Selection of Officers for Colored Troops 185 

Fort Delaware, Confederate Prisoners 192 

Fort Mifflin, A Prison for Deserters I93 

U. S. Navy Yard, Foot of Washington Avenue 200 

U. S. S. New Ironsides and U. S. S. Tuscarora 201 

Passing Regiments from the North and East 208 

Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon 209 

Offices of Jay Cooke & Co., U. S. Mint 216 

New Post Office 217 

Pennsylvania Bank 217 

Satterlee General Hospital, Location 224 

General View, Satterlee U. S. General Hospital 225 

Mower U. S. General Hospital 232 

Cuyler U. S. General Hospital 233 

Union League Club House 240 

Bronze Tablet, Union League Memorial 241 

Defence of the City of Philadelphia, Poster 248 

Scene at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, June, 1863 249 

Government Laboratory, U. S. Army 264 

U. S. Naval Home and Hospital 264 

Fair of the U. S. Sanitary Commission 265 

Types of Fire Ambulances 272 

Hibernia Engine 273 

Ambulance of the Philadelphia Fire Engine Co 273 

Return of the Colors, July 4th, 1866 312 

Civil War Memorial in Fairmount Park 3^3 

Tablet on Site of Camp, 88th Infantry 313 

Headquarters, G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania 328 

School Children, 33d National Encampment, G. A. R 329 

Brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland and Staff, Founders' Week Parade. 329 

Statue of President Lincoln, Fairmount Park 336 

Leaders of the Union Armies in Bronze 337 

8 




ALEXANDER HENRY, WAR MAYOR OF PHILADELPHIA. 
From a painting by J. Henry Brown, 1859. 



THE SHADOW OF ARMED CONFLICT 

Ante Bellum Conditions in Philadelphia 



IN the disturbed period preceding the actual outbreak of the Rebellion, 
Philadelphia, situated but a few miles above the latitude of the old 
divisional line of Mason and Dixon, v^as far from being locally 

united upon the problems of the time. Although this city, by reason 
of its Revolutionary shrines and traditions, is the very Mecca of the 
American patriot, there were important political and commercial reasons 
why she should hesitate to become actively arrayed against the South and 
its institutions. Twenty-three years before the commencement of civil 
war an uncontrollable riot, representing, in a degree, the sentiment of a 
large proportion of the people, had destroyed the new Pennsylvania Hall, 
"devoted to the rights of man," and driven from the city the little group 
of anti-slavery enthusiasts there assembled. New England looked upon 
Philadelphia as a southern rather than a northern community. 

From early in the century a large percentage of the manufactured 
goods made here had been shipped, by sea, to every southern port. The 
completion, in 1838, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- 
road, having its headquarters at Eleventh and Market Streets, in this 
city, provided another strong bond uniting Philadelphia to the South. 
The tonnage rates from this port to all southern points were far below 
those of New York and Boston. The South, long the most wealthy and 
luxury-loving section of the country, was Philadelphia's best customer. 
The extensive jobbing houses arrayed along Market, Chestnut and the 
river front carried, as a rule, profitable lines of slave-state accounts. 

Every Southern belle considered Philadelphia-made boots as a neces- 
sity, while Philadelphia household furnishings were to be found in every 
southern store. Southern side-boards were inevitably provided with 
Philadelphia ales. This city, in turn, was a great consumer of the products 
of the South. Lumber and turpentine were especially required by our 
industries, and our mills were large users of southern cotton. 

Prior to the completion of the Pennsylvania (Central) Railroad 
through to Pittsburgh, New York and New England commanded the 
Western trade. Philadelphia merchants were, it will be seen, by virtue of 
location and direct rail and water connection, driven to foster their 
traffic with the South and the West Indies, and to shrink from whatever 
circumstance might endanger it. 

In the fifties the capital invested in Philadelphia factories exceeded, 
according to Freedley (the industrial authority of the city), $100,000,000 
and our operatives numbered 132,000. We required a market for goods to 
the value of $145,000,000 annually. 

Against this generally close relationship of business with the southern 
people there stood, almost alone, the conscience of the Society of Friends, 



10 

which was either passively or ac^-ively arrayed, upon moral grounds, 
against slavery. The main route of the once famous "underground rail- 
way" led through this city toward the further north and freedom. Bryant, 
in his History of the United States, records that, in 1850 "Philadelphia 
was the only place in the country, probably, where any feeling upon the 
subject (of slavery) asserted itself and that there it was chiefly confined 
to Friends." The first anti-slavery society in America was organized by 
Philadelphia Quakers before the Revolutionary War. 

In a pamphlet, recently from the pen of Ex- Attorney General William 
U. Hensel, relating to "The Christiana Riot and Treason Trials of 185 1," 
it is stated that the "Vigilance Committee" of Philadelphia, which included 
Robert Purves, J. Miller McKim and William Still, had been instrumental, 
directly or indirectly, in effecting the escape, in the course of a few years, 
of not fewer than nine thousand slaves. The affair near Christiana, a 
small hamlet upon the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, close to 
the eastern border of Lancaster County, followed closely upon the enact- 
ment of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850. A Maryland slave-owner named 
Gorsuch, with his son and several other persons, undertook to reclaim 
two of his slaves. In the ensuing fight he was killed and his son was 
wounded. Mr. Gorsuch was acting within the law, but the trials, held in 
Philadelphia, resulted in the acquittal of the two members of the Society 
of Friends and the blacks who resisted the Mary landers. Col. Alexander 
K. McClure, in his "Recollections," dignifies this as "the first battle of 
the war." It stirred the whole south, and further affected the southern 
trade of Philadelphia, which was drifting steadily toward New York 
City. 

But all of the milestones along the thorny road of anti-slavery were 
regarded in Philadelphia, by the masses, with little more than passive 
interest. The "Underground Railway" was commonly spoken of as some- 
what of a mythical joke.* 

The New York Tribune of May i, 1857, stated that "Philadelphia 
has at least twenty manufactories of textile fabrics where New York has 
one, and her superiority in the fabrication of metals, though less decided, 
is still undeniable." The most welcome patrons of our hotels came from 
the South. There were frequent interchanges of visits between our local 
military organizations and those of Baltimore, Richmond, Charleston and 
other southern cities. New Jersey's leading seashore resort, Cape May, 
was filled, in summer, with slave-holding families. Our medical colleges 
constantly graduated southern students, and many of the remedial prepara- 
tions as well as the medical books, then in use all over the South, were 
made here. 

Politically, the Philadelphia vote was almost uniformly of a shade 

*The body of John Brown was taken through Philadelphia December 4th, 
1859. The incident was attended with a pro-slavery demonstration at the rail- 
road station, Broad and Prime Streets. 



II 

agreeable to the watchful southern people. Our congressional represen- 
tatives affiliated, generally, with the southern members when at Wash- 
ington. 

Between 1845 ^^^ 1857 the vessels engaged in the coal-carrying trade 
from Port Richmond largely exceeded in number and capacity the whole 
foreign tonnage of the city of New York. Much of this traffic was 
coastwise southward. 

In 1858 a list of twenty-five millionaires was compiled in Philadelphia. 
This was a rich showing for that period, and to such capitalists more 
business with the South spelled prosperity.* Baldwin locomotives were in 
use upon every southern railroad. Philadelphia wagons and carriages 
were common all over the South. Southern printers obtained their type 
from this city, and here also were made the Bibles and school books for 
the southern trade. 

The spirit of the Mexican War, in which Pennsylvanians fought 
side by side with southern troops, was an influence, in this city, for the 
ensuing twenty years or more, in cementing southern affiliations despite the 
agitation of the anti-slavery group.* 

The ascendency of anti-southern ideas in Philadelphia may be said 
to date from June 17, 1856, when the first Republican Convention as- 
sembled in the city. 

The Union sentiment engendered by the excitements of the Buchanan- 
Fremont Presidential campaign remained aglow through the following 
years. It found expression in a variety of seemingly insignificant ways. 
But the business interests remained, as a whole, in an attitude of waiting 
and hoping. 

In the closing months of i860, although orders and remittances 
were still reaching Philadelphia merchants from their southern cus- 
tomers, there was a considerable falling off of demand from that portion 
of the country, and an equally evident hesitation upon the part of shippers 
to seek further trade in that field. Commercial bodies were greatly 
concerned and many good citizens still believed that Philadelphia's duty 
was that of an arbitrator between the extremists of both North and 
South. George William Curtis, of New York, was announced to lecture 
in the city, upon December 13th, as the representative of anti-slavery 
elements, but the threats of riot were so loud that Mayor Henry dissuaded 
him from the attempt. Instead, upon the same date, a monster citizens' 
meeting was held in Independence Square for the purpose of extending 
the olive branch to the South through promises of concessions. The 
resolutions adopted were sent to South Carolina, but evoked no reply, f 

*In a list of two hundred and fifty-seven names of local citizens who paid 
Government assessments upon their incomes, thirty-one were taxed for $100,000 
or more, thirty-three upon $75,000 or more, thirty-four upon $50,000 Or more, 
and one hundred and fifty-nine for sums less than $50,000. 

tAt this meeting two hundred and fifty vice-presidents and secretaries, in- 
cluded nearly everybody then prominent in the city. Addresses were made 



12 

Another meeting, called by "one hundred and fifty prominent citi- 
zens," was assembled to devise measures "to remove all ground of com- 
plaint against the northern States and to secure the perpetuity of the 
Union." This meeting developed bitterness over the resolutions and 
accomplished nothing. 

About the same time the Board of Trade met for a similar purpose 
with no effective results. Still another gathering, called by leading 
Democrats, met at National Hall, upon January i6th, to protest against 
"coercion." One of the speakers, Benjamin Harris Brewster, Esq., said 
that it was uncertain whether Pennsylvania "would go with the North 
or with the South or stand by herself." A resolution carried at this 
meeting claimed "the wrongs of the South as our own." Judge Wood- 
ward, afterward Democratic candidate for Governor, expressed the hope 
that Pennsylvania would also secede. 

Among the wealthier families of the city there had always been a 
considerable infusion of southern blood. Southern men were engaged 
in business here and their wives and daughters had a conspicuous part 
in society affairs. The Sunday Dispatch, of April 14, 1861, stated that 
in a single square of Walnut Street, "occupying palatial residences," 
were twenty-two southern families, also that the commander of the 
First Division of Pennsylvania Militia owned one of the largest planta- 
tions in Louisiana; that the officer in command of Fort Delaware was 
a southerner. Many of these adopted Philadelphians continued true to 
the Union cause. Many such families were divided and subjected to 
great distress. 

Upon the day when President Lincoln succeeded to his high office, 
of the 974 southern officers in the army and navy of the United States, 
but 172 had resigned. They, too, doubted the coming of the war and 
were slow to turn their backs on the old flag.* 

Following the accession of the new administration there ensued a 
marked avoidance of mention, in the Philadelphia newspapers, of local 
military matters, although activity continued, all over the city, in recruit- 
ing and drilling. There was still a hope that the southern people, a 
large proportion of whom were not favorable to separation, might yet 
advance new propositions. It was thought well to give the President 

by Mayor Henry, presiding officer; Joseph R. IngersoII, Theodore Cuyler, and 
Judge George W. Woodward. The resolutions there adopted recognized the 
vaHdity of the Fugitive Slave Law, deprecated all denunciations or interference 
with slavery and generally went to the limit of oratorical conciliation, an attitude 
which was soon resented by many who had been brought into the matter with the 
expectation of hearing something more patriotic in flavor. 

*With the beginning of hostilities, 322 naval officers of southern birth or 
affiliations resigned from the national service, they were replaced by volunteer 
officers. Many southern officers remained loyal and served faithfully in the 
Union fleets through the war. 

Twenty-five of the thirty Major-Generals and forty-two out of ninety Brigadier- 
Generals in the Confederate army were graduates of West Point Military Academy. 



13 

a chance to meet them half way. This poHcy of silence and waiting con- 
tinued for several weeks. Meanwhile, Philadelphia merchants were re- 
sponding to the urgent orders of retail customers in Charleston and other 
southern points, and were hurrying ship-loads of merchandise down the 
coast to reach destinations in advance of the date set for the enforcement 
of the Confederate import duty. Agents of southern bankers were scour- 
ing the financial quarters of Philadelphia and New York trying to find a 
market for Confederate bonds. In at least one Philadelphia factory 
rifles were being made, during March and the early days of April, for 
southern soldiers. Very little activity was seen at the Navy Yard. Upon 
April 6th the total number of workmen engaged there was two hundred 
and eighty-five. No effort had been made to refit the dismantled frigate 
St. Lawrence, long moored at the wharf. 

The conciliationists, at this time, called themselves "Silver Grays." 
Their opponents stigmatized them as "dough faces." When the test of 
courage was applied many a "Silver Gray" went gamely away in the 
ranks and many of their defamers stayed safely at home. 

A report having been spread about that the southern business men 
intended to repudiate their northern debts, numbers of them forwarded 
checks, with indignant denials, accompanied with friendly assurances 
that the South did not want war and her merchants deplored separation.* 

Upon the twelfth day of April the Confederates opened fire upon 
Sumter, and Philadelphia, in common with all sections of the loyal 
North, awoke from her dream of peace. Upon April 15th the President 
called upon Pennsylvania for sixteen regiments of volunteers. At this 
time the number of uniformed militia of Philadelphia aggregated about 
4,500 men. Several organizations had already tendered their services. 
The local regiments and battalions became the nuclei toward which the 
majority of recruits were drawn. The first of the recruiting posters, 
later so familiar, was pasted around the city on the 13th, inviting citizens 
to rally at Military Hall for the formation of a company. 

The story of the patriotic support given by the city of Philadelphia 
to the cause of the Union during the following years of the great war 
begins here. It was a part of the supreme effort of twenty-two millions 
of people, living in the free and border States and the Territories, to 
compel less than six millions, in the slave States, to stay in the Union 
and submit to its laws. The emancipation of 3,700,000 slaves, which was 
to come later, was not a question at issue upon the commencement of the 
struggle. The impending conflict was purely a matter of saving the nation, 

The war was now on. Upon April i8th the Sixth Massachusetts 

♦However willing the southern merchants may have been to make payment 
to northern shippers of goods it was soon beyond their power to do so. Under 
the provisions of a Confederate Statute enacted upon May 21st, 1861. payment was 
forbidden upon all debts due to northern individuals or corporations. The money 
thus due was ordered into the Confederate treasury. (American Historical Re- 
view, October, 1912.) 



14 

regiment arrived and took quarters at the Girard House, which had been 
closed upon March ist. At three o'clock, on the morning of the 19th, 
a body of Philadelphia recruits under General Wm. F. Small started, 
via Baltimore, for Washington. The Massachusetts regiment, which 
left at the same time, forced its way through Baltimore and reached 
Washington, but the attempt of the Philadelphians, without arms or 
uniforms, to traverse Baltimore resulted in disaster and humiliation. 
The scattering return of these demoralized volunteers was followed by 
the destruction of bridges upon the Washington route. This compelled 
the New York Seventh Regiment and the Eighth Massachusetts Regiment 
to embark from the foot of Washington Avenue, on April 20th, upon 
steamers for Annapolis. The honor of being first to reach the national 
capital was already held by the infantry companies from Allentown, 
Reading, Pottsville, and Lewistown, which had proceeded from Harris- 
burg via the Northern Central Railroad. Philadelphia now devoted 
herself, with characteristic energy and system, to the one great duty 
of providing the Government with soldiers properly armed and equipped 
as far and as fast as they were needed. In the course of the war 
which then began this city was represented in nearly 150 regiments, 
battalions, independent batteries, cavalry troops and other detached bodies 
(including emergency troops not called outside of the State), the majority 
of which were entirely local, and in addition to which were numbers 
of Philadelphia companies serving in regiments of other States, as well 
as thousands of sailors, marines and regular army recruits who cannot 
be accurately enumerated. 

The effect of war upon business in Philadelphia in the early months 
of the struggle was a source of great anxiety among large employers. 
At the establishment of M. W. Baldwin & Co., where eighty locomotives 
had been built in the preceding year, matters were nearly at a stand- 
still. Many of the hands were discharged and plans were considered 
for turning the plant into a factory for shot and shell. Unexpectedly, 
however, the National Government ordered many engines and the "war 
railroads" required many more. Between 1861 and '65 Baldwin's turned 
out 456 locomotives, many of them the heaviest and most powerful 
ever constructed. At the ship yards, machine shops, textile mills and 
in factories of many lines. Government contracts soon afforded abundant 
employment. Our workmen were able to provide heavy and light 
artillery, swords, rifles, camp equipage, uniforms and blankets in great 
quantities. This activity continued throughout the period of the war. 



PRESIDENT=ELECT ABRAHAM LINCOLN AT PHILADELPHIA 

A NIGHT JOURNEY TO WASHINGTON 



MANY and widely different accounts of the journey through 
Baltimore to Washington, undertaken on the night of Feb- 
ruary 22d, 1 86 1, by the President-elect have been published. 
The following story has been written after a careful study 
of the formal statements left by the officials who were participants in 
the event. 

Upon January 30th, 1861, President S. M. Felton, of the Phil- 
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, summoned Allan 
Pinkerton, a well-known detective of Chicago, to Philadelphia, engaging 
his services to assist in safe-guarding the railroad against threatened 
injury in Maryland. Mr. Pinkerton placed a number of his men along 
the line. One of these detectives, Timothy Webster, joined a disloyal 
company of cavalry at Ferryman's, Maryland. It was through this 
source that Pinkerton learned the details of the proposed murder of 
Mr. Lincoln while en route through Baltimore. When Mr. Lincoln 
arrived at Philadelphia, from New York city, upon the evening of Feb- 
ruary 2 1 St, a messenger summoned Mr. Norman B. Judd, of his party, 
to a conference with Mr. Pinkerton. Later in the evening the latter 
was introduced to Mr. Lincoln and told him of the plot. A similar 
warning was brought by Mr. Frederick Seward from his father in 
Washington. It was difficult to convince Mr. Lincoln that the danger 
was real. He insisted upon proceeding, with his entourage, to Harris- 
burg at once after the ceremony of raising the flag upon Independence 
Hall early upon the following morning. At the conclusion of the re- 
ception at the State Capitol a consultation was held at the hotel, where 
Mr. Pinkerton urged his story upon Judge David Davis, Capt. John 
Pope, Col. Ward H. Lamon, John G. Nicolay and David Hunter. There 
were also present G. C. Franciscus, General Agent of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company, and Henry Sanford, of the Adams Express Com- 
pany. These officials finally induced Mr. Lincoln and his advisers to 
abandon the Northern Central Railroad train, scheduled for the journey 
to Baltimore, and to return to Philadelphia. Governor Curtin called at 
the hotel in a carriage, ostensibly to carry Mr. Lincoln to his residence. 
The only member of his traveling party who entered the carriage was 
Col. Ward H. Lamon. Unobserved, the President-elect boarded a special 
train which was hurried eastward. The persons with him were Mr. 
G. C. Franciscus, John Pitcairn, Jr., General Baggage Agent; T. E. 
Garrett, Col. W. H. Lamon, General Superintendent Enoch Lewis, and 
Allan Pinkerton. At Harrisburg, two officials of the American Tele- 
graph Company, Messrs. W. P. Westervelt and Captain Burns, with 
Andrew Wynne, an employe, drove two miles out of the city and 

15 



i6 

grounded the wires of the Northern Central line. No dispatches went 
out of Harrisburg that night. 

Mr. Lincoln's "special" reached West Philadelphia late in the 
evening, but too soon for close connection with the train for Wash- 
ington. The closed carriage containing Mr. Lincoln and Col. Lamon, 
together with Allan Pinkerton and General Superintendent H. F. Kenny, 
of the P., W. and B. Railroad, the latter on the box with the driver, 
proceeded slowly down Market Street, up Nineteenth Street to Vine 
Street, and thence down Seventeenth street to the P., W. and B. Depot. 
Chairs for the party had been arranged for by "Mrs. Warne," one of 
Pinkerton's agents. It was represented to the chair car conductor 
that one of the passengers was an "invalid gentleman" who must be 
admitted at the rear of the coach, and have a rear chair. The other 
engaged seats were occupied by Allan Pinkerton and his agents.* Two 
officials of the Company, Messrs. George Stearns and William Stearns, 
remained on guard throughout the night. So carefully were the plans 
consummated that none of the train employes of either road were aware 
that Mr. Lincoln was aboard. Col. Thomas A. Scott,t waiting anxiously 
through the night at Harrisburg in company with Col. Alex. K. McClure, 
was rejoiced to receive, soon after six A. M. upon the 23d, a dispatch 
from Washington assuring him of the safe arrival of Mr. Lincoln. 



THE STATE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT 



THE report of the Adjutant-General of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania of January, 1861, estimates the militia of the State (men 
subject to service) at 350,000, enrolled as follows: Twenty 
divisions, sixty-seven brigades, three hundred and one companies, 
of which forty-seven were cavalry, fifty-four artillery, one hundred and 
twenty-five infantry and seventy-five rifle corps. 

The actual organized and uniformed State force aggregated 56,500 
and comprised four hundred and seventy-six companies. The arms owned 

*This narration has been read and approved by Comrade Wm. B. Spittall, a 
surviving Pinkerton who was one of the guards upon the car. 

Allan Pinkerton was delegated by Gen. McClellan to organize the Secret 
Service Corps of the Army. He held a commission as "Major E. J. Allen," this 
being the maiden name of his wife. 

fCol. Thomas A. Scott, then Vice President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany, acted for a time upon the staff of Governor Curtin. On April 27th, 1861, 
he was appointed, by the Secretary of War, Superintendent of Railways and Tele- 
graphs, his immediate duties being the restoration of transportation between An- 
napolis and Washington. 




A SOLDIER OF THE FIRST INFANTRY, National Guard of 
Pennsylvania 
(Gray Reserves), 1861-1911. 
(Henry K. Bush Brown, Sculptor.) 



17 

by the State, chiefly apportioned from the Federal Government, were 
12,080 muskets, many of them flint-locks, 4,706 rifles, 2,809 cavalry 
swords, 3,147 pistols and 60 six-pound bronze cannon. A large percent- 
age of this material was unfit for service. 

This condition accounts for the inability of the State to equip newly- 
formed bodies of soldiery with weapons for which they were constantly 
appealing in the winter and spring of 1861. 

The inadequacy of the State military establishment in 1861 is evi- 
denced by the Act of the Legislature dated April 12th, providing for 
the office of adjutant-general, which official was also designated to act 
as paymaster-general, inspector-general and judge advocate. He was 
bonded in the sum of $20,000. His salary was $500 per year, with an 
allowance of $3 per diem for each day "when actually engaged in the 
service of the State."* 

The lessons of unreadiness upon the part of the State, taught by 
the experiences preceding the invasion of September, 1862, do not ap- 
pear to have resulted in any legislative measures of improvement. 

According to good authority, the State militia law in eflfect in June, 
1863, had been in force since 1822. Under this law, when any portion 
of the enrolled militia was required for duty, it was the business of the 
Adjutant-General to notify the brigade inspectors who were to order 
officers of regiments or companies to divide their commands into ten 
parts by drawing names from a box. The first tenth was to be first 
called and the other parts or classes in the order of their numbers, but 
it was provided that men who had served in the War of 1812 should 
only be called out as a last resort. Amendments were made in 1849 and 
1858 which enrolled all able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 
45 years, with the proviso that those who did not care to identify them- 
selves with the uniformed militia might escape service by paying fifty 
cents annually, t 

The effort to summon, muster and forward emergency militia 
through the operation of this antique machinery was largely responsible 
for the friction which now and then occurred between the officials at 
the State Capital and the military officers of Philadelphia. $ 

It is only fair to reflect that Pennsylvania has never been, in times of 
peace, other than an example of a commonwealth founded upon high prin- 
ciples of humanity and devoted to the development of internal resources. 
It was the confidence of her strength as expressed in the minds of 
generations of her law makers, so largely of Quaker influence, that led 
to the neglect of the State military arm and of the martial spirit dormant 
within her borders. 

♦Report of Adjutant-General, State of Pennsylvania, 1866. 

t Inquirer, June 24th, 1863. 

$The officials of the reorganized Pennsylvania State Military Establishment 
included Henry H. Smith, Surgeon General; Reuben C. Hale, Q. M. General; 
Col. William McMichael and Major Craig Biddle, all of Philadelphia. 

2 



PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA, PHILADELPHIA COMMANDS, I86I 



THE Legislature of the State of Pennsylvania enacted a law 
"for the Regulation of the Militia of this Commonwealth," which 
was approved by the Governor, April 21st, 1858. Section First 
reads : "Be it enacted, etc., that in addition to the three Brigades 
of the First Division of the City of Philadelphia, authorized by the Act 
to which this is a supplement, there shall be organized within the City 
of Philadelphia another Brigade to be called the Reserve Brigade, which 
shall consist of four Regiments of Infantry and one Squadron of Cavalry, 
for the special defence of the city." 

The Philadelphia militia regiments, when thus reinforced, consisted of 
the following organizations : 

First Regiment, First Brigade, First Division, which includes the old National 
Grays. 

Rifle Battalion, First Brigade, First Division. 

First Regiment, Pennsylvania Artillery. 

Second Regiment, Second Brigade, First Division. 

First Regiment, Third Brigade, First Division, Philadelphia Light Guard. 

First Regiment, Third Brigade, First Division. 

The new Reserve Brigade, Brig.-Gen. Patterson, was composed of : 

First Regiment, Gray Reserves, Col. P. C. Ellmaker. 
Second Regiment, Blue Reserves, Col. Alfred Day. 
Third Regiment, Gray Reserves, Col. C. M. Eakin. 

*The Scott Legion, Washington Grays, and First Troop Philadelphia City 
Cavalry, were independent organizations. 

THE RESERVE BRIGADE INFANTRY, PENNSYLVANIA MILITIA. 

While the active members of the Artillery Corps Washington Grays, 
were preparing to accompany Col. Francis E. Patterson's new regiment 
into the field, a number of the retired and contributing members of this 
historic corps met, pursuant to a newspaper notice, upon April 17th, 
1861, to consider the formation of a "Reserve Guard" "for the protection 
of the city and support of the Constitution and laws of the United States 
of America." At a second meeting, held two evenings later at Sansom 
Street Hall, an organization was completed which was, by resolution, 
entitled "The First Regiment Infantry, Gray Reserves, of the City of 
Philadelphia." Peter C. Ellmaker was elected colonel and was commis- 
sioned by the Governor of the State on April 21st.* 

*The North American and United States Gazette printed, April 22d, 1861, 
a list of six hundred and fifty-eight names of citizens who had enrolled in this 
regiment, which included those of a large number of men then prominent in the 
official, business and professional life of the city. This list has been preserved 
upon the pages of the History of the ist Regiment, of which Major-Gen. James 
W. Latta is the author. 

18 



19 

As a part of the organized militia force of the State this regiment 
was known as the "3d." By Act of Assembly dated May 3d, 1861, and 
enforced by the Adjutant-General on September 7th, 1861, Col. Ell- 
maker's command was designated the "ist Regiment Infantry, Reserve 
Brigade." 

Col. Ellmaker's regiment was quickly uniformed, and, in June, was 
armed, by special order of Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, 
with smooth-bore percussion muskets from the United States Arsenal at 
Frankford. Drills, occasional parades and escort duty provided plenty 
of work for the command throughout the year. Changes of personnel 
among the officers and men, due to a desire for volunteer service, were 
constant. Under the call for emergency militia the ist Regiment served 
in 1862 as the "7th Regiment, Infantry Militia," this tour of duty 
covering two weeks. In 1863 the "Gray Reserves" were enlisted for 
the Gettysburg campaign into the national service as the "32d Regi- 
ment, Pennsylvania Ninety-day Militia." This command was on duty 
forty-two days. The ii8th (Corn Exchange) Regiment, and the 119th, in 
the three years' service were both largely composed of both officers and 
rank and file of men connected with the "Gray Reserves."* 

The old National Guards' organization, an effective and popular regi- 
ment, ready for any service required of it, was known in the Reserve 
brigade as the First Blue Reserves.! 

The 3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, commanded by Col. Constant M. 
Eakin, served as the 25th Regiment, under the emergency call of Sep- 
tember, 1862, as guards at Camp Brandy wine, Delaware, for the protec- 
tion of the Dupont Powder works. 

The 4th Regiment, known as the "Second Blue Reserves," was ident- 
ified, under Col. Alfred Day, as the 8th Regiment in the Emergency 
force of September, 1862, and as the 33d Regiment, Col. William W. 
Taylor, in the Emergency Campaign of July, 1863. 

*The militia of the State of Pennsylvania was re-organized by Act of As- 
sembly dated April 7th, 1870, and by a supplement to the Act of 1864, as the 
"National Guard of the State of Pennsylvania," and thereafter the regimental 
commands were numbered serially. The ist Regiment, Gray Reserves, retained 
its original number. 

t"Historic Militia Commands of the City." 




HISTORIC MILITIA COMMANDS OF THE CITY 



F 



ROM these well-trained bodies of State and independent soldiery 
hundreds of officers, many of whom gained high rank, were sup- 
plied to the volunteer regiments of Pennsylvania and of other 
States. 



THE FIRST TROOP, PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY 



I 



A ■ ^ HE origin of this, the oldest military organi- 
zation in the United States, is co-incidental 
with the beginning of the colonial movement 
which resulted in the war of the Revolution, 
and the eventual union of the American States under 
the Constitution. In the course of the deliberations 
of the first Continental Congress, in Carpenters' Hall, 
Philadelphia, the colonial delegates appointed a Com- 
mittee of Correspondence, charged, among other 
duties, to initiate a force of defence "to maintain the 
rights of the people against the continued oppression 
of the British Government." This committee of three 
met, on November 17th, 1774, at the State House, 
and on the evening of the same day, with twenty-five 
other gentlemen, formed a company of cavalry des- 
ignated "The Light Horse of the City of Philadel- 
phia." The troopers were identified with the old and 
exclusive clubs long famous as the Colony in Schuyl- 
kill, founded in 1732; the Schuylkill Company of Fort 
St. David's, dating from 1753, and the Gloucester Fox 
Hunting Club, formed in 1766, and several were also members of the 
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the Scottish St. Andrew's Society, which 
dates from 1749. 

The Troop was the first to carry a flag bearing thirteen stripes. In 
the course of the Revolutionary War the Troop and detachments of its 
members performed many notable services in the patriotic cause. The 
command was also in the field in the course of our second war with Great 
Britain. The present title and the existing uniform were adopted in 
1833. 

Between the years 1793 and 1865 the Troop furnished to the Pennsyl- 
vania Militia (National Guard) eleven major-generals and thirteen briga- 
dier-generals. 

20 




21 

In the course of the Civil War seventy-three members of the Troop 
became officers in the Union armies. Eight of them were killed or died 
in the service.* 

The Troop tendered its services to the Government upon each oc- 
casion of emergency, and was in the field m the summer of 1861, and 
again during the Gettysburg campaign, two years later. The command 
occupied its first armory, on Twenty-first street above Chestnut street, 
in 1874, and its present armory in 1901. The Troop is now identified 
with the Pennsylvania National Guard; but whether clad in khaki of 
the field and camp or the picturesque dress uniform familiar in our local 
military parades, its members continue to maintain, the honorable tradi- 
tions of readiness and self-sacrifice for which the command has ever 
been distinguished. 



ARTILLERY CORPS WASHINGTON GRAYS 



A number of citizens who had served, during 
the War of 1812, in Captain John Swift's 
Second Company of Washington Guards, met 
upon April 19th, 1822, and organized the "Vol- 
unteer Corps of Light Infantry/' of which Captain Swift 
(afterward Mayor of the city) was elected commander. 
Upon June 27th, 1827, the title was changed to that of 
"The Light Artillery Corps Washington Grays." Six 
years later it was modified to that of "The Artillery 
Corps, Washington Grays." This command, indepen- 
dent in character, was exclusive in its personnel and long 
enjoyed a reputation as a "crack" organization. Among 
its honorary members was the Marquis de Lafayette. 

At the call of the Government, in 1861, two com- 
panies of infantry represented the "Grays" as "A" and 
"F" in the 17th Regiment in the three months' service. 
Upon April 17th, 1861, the honorary and contributing 
members, chiefly composed of those over forty-five years 
old, met at the Wetherill House, upon Sansom street 
above Sixth street, and decided to form a "Reserve Corps" 
(see The Reserve Brigade, Infantry). At a second meet- 
ing, held upon the 19th, at Sansom Street Hall, an organi- 

*The officers who perished while in the service were Gen. David B. Birney, 
Col. William Sergeant, 210th Infantry; Major Charles F. Taggart, 2d Cavalry; 
Major Robert Morris, Jr., 6th Cavalry; Capt. Henry J. Biddle, A. A. G.; Brevet 
Ivieut.-Col. J. Penrose Ash, 5th U. S. Cavalry, and Lieut. J. Hamilton Kuhn, 
27th Infantry. 




22 

zation was perfected which became the "First Regiment Infantry, Gray 
Reserves, Reserve Brigade of the City of Philadelphia." Every com- 
missioned officer, with one exception, had been at some time a member 
of the Artillery Corps, Washington Grays. 

The old command of the "Grays" continued to maintain its dis- 
tinctive organization. From this well-drilled body, in 1862, Company 
"A" of the 2ist Regiment Emergency Militia was recruited, and in 1863 
the "Grays" furnished Company "A" and part of "B" to the 49th Reg- 
iment, Ninety Day Militia. 

In the course of the Civil War the "Grays" were represented by 
members in the volunteer troops of seven other States, the District of 
Columbia, the Regular Army, Marine Corps, and the Navy. From a 
total of four hundred and forty-two members of the "Gray's" Battalion 
who volunteered, one hundred and eighty-one received commissions. 
Among these officers three became Major-Generals, nine Brigadier-Gen- 
erals, eleven Colonels, fifteen Lieut.-Colonels, twenty Majors, sixty-one 
Captains and sixty-two Lieutenants. Twelve of these officers were 
killed or died while in the service. 

In February, 1878, the corps was increased to a battalion of four 
companies. In 1879 the battalion lost its independent status as a 
military body, being then merged with the Weccacoe Legion and des- 
ignated the "Third Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania." Sub- 
sequently, through the intervention of the veteran members, the active 
contingent was transferred, as Company "G," to the First Regiment. 
National Guard of Pennsylvania. 

A fund having been provided, of which $2,000.00 was presented by 
Col. Edwin N. Benson, for the erection of a monument to the members 
who participated in the Civil War, it was dedicated at Broad Street 
and Girard Avenue upon April 19th, 1872. It was subsequently adorned 
with the figure of a soldier in the uniform of the corps at a cost to the 
Old Guard of about $5,000, and placed in Washington Square. 



"GRAYS" WHO ENTERED THE REGULAR SERVICE. 

Blake, George Alexander H. . .Brig.-Gen., U. S. Cavalry. 

Blanchard, William ist Lieut., 2d U. S. Cavalry. 

Burnett, Robert Lyon Major, U. S. Army. 

Brown, James M ist Lieut, iiith U. S. Colored Infantry. 

Engle, Archibald Hill Major, 13th U. S. Infantry. 

Fagan, Louis Estell Captain, U. S. Marine Corps. 

Harris, Enon M ist Lieut., 8th U. S. Colored Infantry. 

Hough, Alfred Lacey Colonel, 9th U. S. Infantry. 

Kneass, Charles L Brevt.-Major, U. S. Army. 

Pollock, William K 2d Lieut., 1st U. S. Artillery. 

Randolph, Wallace Fitz Major-Gen., U. S. Army. 

Wallace, George W Lieut.-Col., 12th U. S. Infantry, 

White, John Chester Major, U. S. Army. 



THE NATIONAL GUARDS 



THE National Guards Regiment of Philadelphia 
originated in a single company formed in 1840 
under Capt. Thomas Tustin, who was suc- 
ceeded in 1844 by Capt. Stephen B. Kingston. 
In 1846 Capt. Peter Lyle became commanding officer and 
recruited the company for the Mexican War, but its 
services were not required. 

In 1856 the organization was incorporated as the 
"Infantry Corps, National Guards of Philadelphia." The 
armory built by the command, located on Race street, be- 
low Sixth street, was opened on November i6th, 1857. 
The "National Guards" first paraded as a regiment on, 
December nth, i860. 

As a part of the Reserve Brigade Militia the regi- 
ment was known as the "First Blue Reserves." 

The regiment tendered its services to the Government 
on April i6th, 1861, and was mustered in on April 27th, 
for three months, as the 19th Regiment Volunteers. Fol- 
lowing this term of service the 2d Regiment, National 
Guards, became the basis of the 90th Regiment Volun- 
teers under Col. Peter Lyle. A large proportion of the 
three-year regiments originating in Philadelphia contained field and com- 
pany officers who had been schooled in the National Guards. 

Under command of Major Jeremiah W. Fritz the regiment was in the 
field, in September, 1862, during the Antietam Campaign. 

In addition to its services as the 90th Regiment, the National Guards 
were active in organizing, and furnished officers for Baxter's Philadelphia 
Fire Zouaves (72d Regiment), the 196th and 213th Infantry, the 52d 
(2d Union League 90-Day Regiment, 1863), and other bodies of troops 
sent into the field. 

The Old Guard of the Regiment, composed of veterans and retired 
members, has long maintained a distinctive organization. 




LANDIS' BATTERY 



ON April 19th, 1 86 1, at a meeting held in the office of Chapman 
Biddle, Esq., it was determined to revive an old company of 
artillery dating from 1844 as the basis of a new organization, 
which became Company A, ist Regiment, Pennsylvania Artil- 
lery, and of which Chapman Biddle was elected captain. This command 

23 



24 

included in its membership many of the best known and most affluent 
citizens of that period. Captain Biddle and Lieut. Alexander Biddle re- 
signed in August to recruit the I2ist Regiment of Infantry. Henry D. 
Landis, who had also been active in old Company I, was elected captain. 

In addition to repeated service in periods of emergency, Company 
A (Landis' Battery) furnished from its membership many officers who 
were identified with the regular and volunteer service, among them 
Captain Frank H. Furness of the 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers) ; Cap- 
tain T. C. Williams of the regular army; Captain James M. Lennard, 
Jr.; Dr. S: Weir Mitchell of the Medical Corps, U. S. Army Hospitals 
at Philadelphia; Major Harry C. Egbert of the regular army; Col. 
John M. Cries, 104th Infantry; Major A. G. Rosengarten, 15th Cavalry; 
Captain William Elliot Furness; Surgeon William F. Norris; Captain 
Charles Chauncey, 2d Cavalry; Joseph B. Blakiston, 15th Cavalry; Cap- 
tain Charles E. Cadwalader, 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers), and Gen. 
Isaac J. Wistar. 

Some other distinguished Philadelphians who were attached to this 
command and served in emergency periods were C. Stuart Patterson,* 
John G. Johnson, Judge Robert N. Willson, Judge F. Amedee Bregy, 
Charles Morgan, Charles G. Leland, W. G. Leland, A. A. Outerbridge, 
Edward W. Patton, C. Redwood Wright, Francis I. Maule, Clement 
Biddle, William H. Rawle, Samuel C. Perkins, Woodruff Jones, Ed- 
ward C, Bullard, Thomas Hart, Jr., William D, Winsor, William S. 
Stewart, Richard S. Willing, Duffield Ashmead, Alexander Johnstone, 
Alfred C. Lambdin, Joseph Meehan, John B. Thayer, James D. Young, 
Rodman Wister, Thomas M. Newbold and Edward Pennington, Jr. 



THE SCOTT LEGION 



OF the Philadelphia militia companies which volunteered for 
service in the war with Mexico the City Guards, Monroe 
Guards, Light Guards, Cadwalader Grays, and Jefferson 
Guards were organized as the First Regiment. After the re- 
turn of the survivors they formed the "Scott Legion," and this veteran 
body not only supplied many well-drilled officers to the Union forces, but 
became the nucleus of the 68th Regiment Infantry Volunteers, one of 
the most notable of Pennsylvania's fighting commands of the three-year 
enlistment. 

*Dr. Charles K. Mills relates in a recent narration of his experiences as an 
infantryman at the shelling of Carlisle by the Confederates, that he saw Mr. Patter- 
son, of the battery, wounded in the sword hand. 




FRAXKFORD ARSENAL, Bridesburg, Philadelphia. 
Main Entrance. 2. Old Store Building. 

3. Commandant's Residence. 
(From war time photographs.) 




SCENES AT THE SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL. 1862. 

(The white horse is "Old Bill," Gen. Meade's war horse.) 

From photographs in possession of Mr. Richard P. Barr. 



THE STATE FENCIBLES* 




T 



I HIS infantry corps dates from the martial 
period of our second war with Great Britain. 
It was organized in June, 1813, and served in 
the field during a portion of the following year 
under Capt. Clement Biddle as part of the advance 
Light Brigade. Lieut. Hartman Kuhn was elected cap- 
tain in 1815, being soon afterward succeeded by John C. 
McCall. Two years later James Page became captain, 
remaining in this rank nearly fifty years, in the course 
of which the command enjoyed a national reputation as 
a "crack" drill corps. 

Wheni the Civil War impended, a second company 
of Fencibles was recruited, the two serving as Com- 
panies E and K, of the i8th Regiment of the three 
months' enlistment. Subsequent to this tour of duty 
the majority of the officers and men entered the three 
years' service, principally in the 726. and 82d Regiments. 
The reorganized Fencibles responded to the emergency 
call of 1862, serving in Col. Alfred Day's 8th Regiment, 
and again, in the Gettysburg campaign, the command 
volunteered, being attached to Col. W. W. Taylor's 33d Emergency Regi- 
ment. In the course of the war the Fencibles furnished to the army two 
hundred and five of its active and retired members, a large proportion of 
them holding commissions. After the war ended, the old military spirit 
was dormant, but in 1871, with the election of John Ryan to the captaincy, 
the State Fencibles entered upon a new and brilliant career. The com- 
mand was increased to a battalion of four companies in 1877, and, under 
Major Ryan, attained the highest proficiency in precision of drill. Major 
Ryan died in 1886. Subsequent commanders have been Majors Wesley 
Chew, William A. Witherup, Thurber T. Brazer (to June, 1913), and 
Thomas S. Lanard. Incident to the Spanish-American War the State 
Fencibles formed a battalion of the 6th Regiment, N. G. P., but later with- 
drew from the National Guard, and is now an independent body, sustained 
by the city. A feature of the Centennial parade of the battalion in May, 
1913, was the presence of the "old guard," under Major Emanuel Furth, 
costumed in uniforms of the type worn by the command a century ago. 

♦The list of organizing members, as they are given in the newly published 
history of the corps ("One Hundred Years with the State Fencibles," Lanard), 
includes representatives of a large proportion of the leading Philadelphia families 
of the time. The first public mention of the organization appeared in the 
American Daily Advertiser, July 9th, 1813. 



25 



THE UNITED STATES ARSENALS AT PHILADELPHIA 



UPON April 3d, 1861, Capt. Josiah Gorgas, the commandant 
at the depot of military materials at Bridesburg (Frankford 
Arsenal), Philadelphia, who was a native of Pennsylvania, 
had resigned in order to cast his fortunes with the South, 
and had been succeeded by a loyal officer.* 

This important establishment, generally called "The Frankford 
Arsenal," had been a part of the Government property in this city 
forty-five years. The reservation covered fifty-nine acres upon the 
shore of the Delaware River. The principal structures were the usual 
barracks, two large Arsenal buildings, two store-houses, a hospital, pow- 
der magazine and work-shops. At the opening of the war the materials 
on hand were supposed to include about 18,000 muskets, a great 
amount of saltpetre and sulphur, 50,000 pounds of powder, per- 
cussion caps, primers, cartridges and general military stores, of 
which horse equipments were the most important. These supplies were 
being sent away by the new commandant to "the front" as rapidly as 
possible, and space was being cleared for an augmented force of work- 
people to be employed in the preparation of ammunition. 

A brief paragraph appeared in a Philadelphia newspaper upon Janu- 
ary 30th, 1 861, stating that, upon the preceding day twenty car-loads 
of rifles had been shipped from the Frankford Arsenal "to Washing- 
ton." A few weeks earlier an attempt to ship munitions of war from 
the United States Arsenal at Pittsburgh to southern points had created 
a riot and the order was countermanded. It may well be doubted if 
that consignment of rifles from the Frankford Arsenal ever reached the 
national capital, t 

In April, Gen. William F. Small, searching for arms for his "Wash- 
ington Brigade," applied (after receipt of urgent telegrams from Wash- 
ington) to the commandant of the Frankford Arsenal, and the latter 

*Captain Gorgas was a Pennsylvanian, appointed cadet from New York. He 
went South, where he attained, in the Confederate service, the rank of brigadier- 
general and chief of ordnance. 

tOn November ist, 1859, there were stored at the Frankford arsenal, as set 
forth in an official report of that date, 19,404 muskets. In the course of the year 
i860 the traitorous Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, had caused to be sent from 
Springfield, Watervliet and other Northern arsenals to those of the South, or had 
sold to the Governors of the Southern States at $2.50 each, muskets and rifles to 
the number of 119,000. With his connivance, experts, some employed from abroad 
by the agents of the South, were openely allowed the use of models and drawings 
of weapons, field guns and machinery at the Northern arsenals, and were instructed 
in the making of shells and fuses at the Government armories. This continued to 
the date of Floyd's resignation at the end of the year. One of his last official 
acts was to telegraph to the commandant of the arsenal at Baton Rogue to deliver 
5,000 guns to the Governor of Louisiana. 

26 



27 

replied that he had no authority to issue anything to troops not mustered, 
and, in any event, oould only provide fifteen hundred guns, a large 
proportion being of doubtful value. When, in May, strenuous efforts 
were being made to equip and forward the i8th, 19th, 22d and 23d 
(three months) Regiments, the officers of those long-suffering troops 
protested, with one accord, against the useless, antiquated and misfit 
muskets offered to them from this Arsenal. 

The United States Arsenal, located upon Gray's Ferry Road, be- 
tween Carpenter street and Washington avenue, and commonly called 
"The Schuylkill Arsenal," was established in the year 1800.* Adjoining 
it upon the north is the United States Naval Hospital and Naval Home. 
The Arsenal was, throughout the Civil War, an important depot for 
uniforms, blankets and equipments for the outfitting of the armies of 
the Republic. In addition to the large regular force employed in the 
several workshops and warehouses a great number of persons, chiefly 
from families of soldiers and sailors in the service or who had died 
under enlistment, were kept employed in thousands of the humble homes 
in this section of the city. The operations here were so constantly 
urgent that warehouses outside were leased by the Government. One 
of these "branch Arsenals" was the building adjoining the Custom 
House, upon the west, afterward replaced by the Post Office. Other 
storehouses for military clothing and equipment were created at William 
Gault's brew-house at Twenty-first and Spruce streets, at the old hotel 
building Twenty- fourth and Chestnut streets (built in 1833) and at 
Murphy & Allison's machine shop on the Schuylkill river north of Market 
street. In the "emergency" summers of 1862 and 1863 a company of the 
employees was recruited to assist in defending the State. At one period 
of the war the increase of the "contract system" in making uniforms 
threatened the employment of several thousand women. A committee of 
their number visited Washington and secured an order from President 
Lincoln ensuring a continuance of their means of support. 



THE WASHINGTON BRIGADE, I86I 



AMONG men of military experience engaged, early in 1861, in 
the formation of tentative bodies of volunteers in the City of 
Philadelphia were Col. William F. Small and Col. Charles Ange- 
roth. Col. Small's battalion was known as the "Washington 
Guards." These organizations had headquarters at Military Hall, upon 

*The official name of this Arsenal was changed in 1873, by order of the Govern- 
ment, to "Philadelphia Depot of the Quartermaster's Department, U. S. Army." 



28 

Third street, below Green street, and it was there, on January 19th, 
that the two commands resolved to unite as the "Washington Brigade," 
and elected Col. Small commander. The "First Regiment" was com- 
posed chiefly of recruits of American birth. The "Second Regiment" 
(Angeroth's) was strongly German in composition. 

On January 28th, 1861, Gen. Small had offered to President Bu- 
chanan the services of eight hundred men for garrison duty, in order 
to relieve an equal number of regular troops for more urgent work 
in the South. C3n February 4th the "Washington Guards" organization 
was offered to Governor Curtin for any emergency service required. 
This tender was acknowledged, by order of the Governor, on March 2d, 
1861.* 

When the attack on Fort Sumter stirred the North to action. Gen. 
Small renewed his offer of assistance, and on April 15th received a dis- 
patch from the Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary of War, promising 
"acceptance if in Washington this week." This was followed by a dis- 
patch from the War Department stating that arms and equipments 
would be furnished at Washington. On April i6th, Major George P. 
M'Lean, of the First Regiment, Washington Brigade, telegraphed from 
Washington, "The Governor (Curtin) expects your command here at 
once." Urgent messages were also received from Hon. Eli Slifer, Sec- 
retary of the Commonwealth, dated from Harrisburg the same day. 

Under date of April 17th, Mr. Dickinson, Aide-de-Camp to Gov- 
ernor Curtin, forwarded to him a list of officers for the brigade, which 
had been prepared by General Small, for whom commissions were de- 
sired. Without waiting for these commissions, Gen. Small arranged 
with President Samuel M. Felton, of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and 
Baltimore Railroad Company, to entrain the brigade at Philadelphia, 
at midnight on the i8th, and to pass through Baltimore at daybreak. 
On the evening of April i8th. Gen. Small assembled his men at Jones' 
Hotel, on Chestnut street, above Sixth street. At the appointed time 
seven companies of the ist Regiment and five companies of the 2d 
Regiment marched to Broad and Prime Streets Depot, from which 
they departed at 3 A. M. April 19th. A second train, carrying the 6th 
Massachussets Regiment, which had barracked the previous evening at 
the Girard House, closely followed. Before reaching Baltimore the 
train of the 6th Massachusetts troops, who were uniformed and armed, 
was given precedence. The Washington Brigade reached the Balti- 
more Station at noon upon the 19th, only to be surrounded by a dense 
mob, frenzied by th^ street battle incident to the march through the 
city of the Massachussetts soldiers earlier in the day. The attack of 
the infuriated secessionists upon Gen. Small's unarmed men, who were 

♦Andrew Gregg Curtin, War Governor of Pennsylvania, was born at Bellefonte. 
Pa., April 28th, 1817. He became Minister to Russia in the Grant Administra- 
tion in 1869. 



29 

without protecting escort, resulted in injury to many, the dispersal, of 
others into the country, and the return of the balance, after long delay, 
by train, to Philadelphia. One of the recruits, George Leisenring, was 
repeatedly stabbed, as he sat in a car, and died four days later at the 
Pennsylvania Hospital, the first volunteer of Philadelphia who perished 
in this war for his country.* 

Those of the Philadelphians who did not succeed in regaining the 
comparative safety of the cars were either temporarily concealed by 
friendly residents or made, in squads, for the open country. Some of 
these hapless fugitives experienced considerable hardship and indignity, 
but all eventually reached friendly territory east of the Susquehanna. 
Smarting beneath a certain amount of underserved ridicule the majority 
of the men sought enlistment in other regiments then forming. 

Gen. Small was criticised severely in many quarters for his rash 
attempt to take his men through Baltimore without the means of de- 
fending themselves, but the records show that had the railroad company 
fulfilled its understanding regarding the hour of arrival there, he would 
probably have led his men into Washington and have been acclaimed 
a hero. The result of this mischance was the disbandment of the Wash- 
ington Brigade. Gen. Small persisted^ however, in his patriotic efforts, 
and, making his headquarters at the Montgomery Hotel, at Sixth and 
Willow streets, finally had the satisfaction of being mustered into the 
National service as Colonel of the 26th Penna. Infantry on May 25th, 
1861. The mustering date was, however, moved back to May 5th, 
and this command became the first of the three years' regiments of 
the State of Pennsylvania. The Second Regiment of the Washington 
Brigade became the 27th Regiment Penna. Light Artillery under Col. Max 
Einstein, and was mustered for three years' service upon May 31st, 1861. 
The Washington Brigade appears in the official list of volunteer organi- 
zations in the National service, in 1861, as published by the War De- 
partment in 1885, and the 26th Regiment was permitted to inscribe upon 
its battle-flag the legend, "Baltimore, April 19th, 1861." 

Nearly a year after the Baltimore incident the General Assembly 
of Maryland voted the sum of $7,000.00 to be distributed to the families 
of the three men killed and of the seventeen men wounded upon that 
date in the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, but no indemnity or apology 
was ever offered by Maryland for the indignity placed by Baltimore 
upon the men of the Washington Brigade, or the murder of one of its 
members. 



♦Records of the Pennsylvania Hospital show that George Leisenring, aged 26 
years, single man, born in Germany, was brought to the hospital April 19th, 1861, 
suffering from penetrating wound of thorax, and died on the 22d. This volunteer 
was a private in Company C, Captain Henry Ungerer, 2d Regiment Washington 
Brigade. No information regarding location of the grave in which he rests has 
been found after search among the city records. 



THE CLOSED GATE AT BALTIMORE 



APRIL i8th, 1861, the Secretary of War, Hon. Simon Cameron, 
telegraphed to Governor Thomas H. Hicks, of Maryland, no- 
tifying him that the Government had reason to believe that 
Northern troops passing through Baltimore would be inter- 
fered with. Upon the same date Bvt.-Lieut.-General Winfield Scott 
informed Major Clark, Quartermaster, U. S. A., stationed at Baltimore, 
that two or three Massachusetts and one New York regiment would 
pass through that city "within two or three days." Meanwhile, the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Railroad Company had refused to transport troops 
being forwarded by Ohio. Transportation was also refused to the 7th 
Regiment, of New York, and other volunteer organizations. 

Like Philadelphia, Baltimore had assumed, in the winter of 1860-61, 
the role of mediator between the discordant sections North and South. 
In the preceding October a reform Mayor and City Council had been 
elected by a large majority. It was the "departing dynasty," according 
to J. Thomas Scharf, the historian of Baltimore, that led to the trouble 
that followed. Late in October, at the ceremonies incident to the open- 
ing of Druid Hill Park, several thousand children sang the "Star Spangled 
Banner," accompanied by the band of the "Blues."* This sentiment of 
love for the national song in the city where the words were first given 
to the nation was rudely shaken, however, by the election of Abraham 
Lincoln, of whose character and intentions the newspapers of the city 
reported nothing but evil. 

The first of the rioting in Baltimore, in April, 1861, was that of 
a crowd angered by the display of a Confederate flag upon a vessel 
in the harbor. Four days later a mob captured a Confederate flag and 
a cannon on Federal Hill. The flag was destroyed and the cannon 
thrown into the harbor. But upon the same day another mob followed 
five companies of Pennsylvania Militia (the "First Defenders") across 
the city with jeers and insults. 

Baltimore, as far as the excitable elements were concerned, was 
in a chaotic frame of mind. The city was persuaded, through its news- 
papers, that the State was "being invaded." The logical consequence 
was the mobbing of the 6th Massachussets Regiment upon April 19th, 
and the repulse of Gen. Small's helpless and ununi formed Philadelphians. 

Whatever of loyalty to the Union then remained in Baltimore was 
dormant. It was only after the occupation of the city by Federal regi- 
ments (which included Col. Morehead's Philadelphia Light Guard and 

*Among the citizens of Baltimore afterward arrested by the Union troops gar- 
risoned in the city and placed, as a prisoner of war, in Fort McHenry, was Francis 
Key Howard, Esq., the grandson of the author of the "Star Spangled Banner." 
Mr. Howard was also detained nearly a year at Fort Lafayette and Fort Warren. 

30 



31 

Col. Lyle's National Guards) and the arrest or flight of the secession 
leaders that the loyal people dared to come forth. *A committee of 
these citizens then published an address, in their effort to set the city 
right in the eyes of the North, which was distributed to all passing 
regiments. It was as follows: 

"Soldiers, we welcome you to this city as men who are willing to defend 
the best Government on earth in the hour of its greatest need. We do not 
view you as barbarians whose only idea is hatred of the southern people, whose 
only intentions are to commit shameful crimes in violation of all law, as is 
charged upon you by the leaders of the Rebellion. We believe you to be actuated 
by a noble and honest patriotism, desiring only to preserve unimpaired the 
National Union. With this understanding, we wish you success and ask God's 
blessing upon your bodies and souls during your perilous marches. May we 
again behold this nation united and prosperous under one government and one 
flag." — The Loyal Citizens of Baltimore. 



ORGANIZATION AND WORK OF THE "MILITARY DEPART- 
MENT OF PENNSYLVANIA 



MAJOR-GEN. Robert Patterson was appointed on April 19th, 
1861, to the command of the "Military Department of Wash- 
ington," which included not only the District of Columbia, 
but also Maryland and Pennsylvania. A few days later this 
Department was limited to Pennsylvania, Delaware and a part of Mary- 
land, and officially designated "The Department of Pennsylvania." 

Major-Gen. Patterson, in his capacity of department commander, 
telegraphed under date of April 19th to Lieut.-Gen. Scott for authority 
to requisition arms and clothing from the Government Arsenals in Phila- 
delphia. In response he was ordered to send 5,000 muskets to arm the 
regiments near Harrisburg. On April 19th Gen. Patterson telegraphed 
to Gen. Scott, saying "The law of necessity over-rides all laws. We must 
have arms, ammunition, clothing and equipments. Gen. Cadwalader 
is decided, as I am, that our men shall not be made inmates of hospitals 
for want of comfortable garments which the Government has at our 
doors and which may be taken by others." Still there was no equipment 
forthcoming. 

President J. Edgar Thomson, of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 
wrote to Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, on April 23d, that "the people 
of Philadelphia are mortified that the Bostonians have got nearly a week 
ahead of them, and that few troops are ready." Four days later Simon 
Cameron wired Mr. Thomson as follows : " I am really gratified to hear 
from you that our military friends in Philadelphia have opened their 
eyes to the existing state of affairs in the country. * * * * All of my 
orders and wishes of the past week have been neglected." 



32 

Lieut-Gen. Scott telegraphed to Gen. Patterson to send no troops 
deficient in equipment. Still the doors of the Arsenals remained locked. 
Gen. Patterson busied himself in establishing camps of instruction for 
his unarmed regiments at York, Chambersburg, Lancaster, Harrisburg 
and Philadelphia. In reporting these arrangements he added, "The im- 
poverished condition of the Quartermaster's Department here in regard 
to tents, canteens and other camp and garrison equipment will prevent 
the execution at an early day of any plan of operations." 

The Secretary of War sent an order to Gen. Patterson on May 5th 
as follows: "Send immediately six regiments of Pennsylvania volunteers 
to this city (Washington) via York, Pa." 

Of the sixteen regiments being fitted for service in this State at 
that time but one had tents, and much of the ammunition did not calibre 
with the guns. 

About this time Baltimore, having been roundly anathematized by 
the entire North, sent out word that the northern soldiers might go 
through their streets, but they would like to have some regular troops 
pass through first. In partial concession to this request, when the fine 
"ist Artillery" Regiment, armed as infantry, under the command of 
Col. Francis I. Patterson, left for the South on the morning of May 9th, 
the command was accompanied by a battalion of regular infantry (three 
companies) and a battery of regular artillery. Thus, three weeks after 
the passage through of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, Philadelphia had 
a regiment in the field. 

Every effort was now being made to outfit the i8th, 19th, 22d and 
23d Regiments. When the muskets, so long awaited, were finally de- 
livered to these commands, their respective Colonels, W. D. Lewis, Jr., 
Peter Lyle, Turner G. Morehead and Charles P. Dare, made a protest, 
stating that a large proportion of the guns were worthless, having 
broken locks, rusted barrels and misfit bayonets. Major Porter, A. A. G., 
wrote that "the guns are horrible, and if a collision should arise the re- 
sponsibility is fearful. The officers will not take it." 

With regard to the issue of these defective fire-arms to our patient 
and patriotic regiments of the three-months' service, the Department 
Commander, exasperated from his experiences and depressed by his heavy 
task, wrote on May 9th to his Assistant Adjutant General: "It appears 
that the regiments here are now entirely neglected by the State authorities, 
who are sending everything to the regiments in the interior." 

Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, with the 6th Massachusetts and 8th New 
York Regiments and Cook's Battery, occupied Federal Hill, Baltimore, 
on the night of May 12th. Two days later the 18th, 19th and 22d Regi- 
ments left Philadelphia, in command of Gen. Cadwalader, for that city. 




STATION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA R. R., ELEVENTH AND MARKET STREETS. 




GIRARD HOUSE, 1861. Used as a barracks and factory for military clothing. 



THE THREE MONTHS' VOLUNTEERS, 1861 




T 



"^HE traditions of the Pennsylvania militia 
are interwoven with those of the American 
Revolution and of subsequent wars in 
which the nation has been engaged. The 
various subordinate commands in the State have 
always been the nuclei of companies and regiments 
which have instantly responded to the call of the 
Commonwealth and the nation, and it was logical 
that the "three months' regiments" of the State, 
recruited under the first call of President Lincoln, 
should have been largely composed of these Key- 
stone guardsmen. It will ever stand to the glory 
of Pennsylvania that five companies of her militia 
were the "First Defenders" of the City of Wash- 
ington and the guardians of the Capitol building 
and archives in April, 1861. 

That these "minute men" were all from interior 
cities does not detract from the spirit of military 
ardor and activity then pervading Philadelphia. All 
of the then existent State militia commands in this 
city were included in the volunteer regiments from 
Philadelphia, which served under the three months' 
call in 1861, and these organizations included many 
of the best, most patriotic soldiers which this State provided. A large 
proportion of the officers of the "three years' " regiments, formed later, 
had a part in the "three months' " campaign, and the majority of the 
rank and file, upon discharge, promptly re-enlisted for the long service 
that the war exacted from the "three years' " soldiers. The Pennsyl- 
vania militia organization was the school of the Pennsylvania volunteers. 
In the confusion of the time, due to the necessity of protecting 
the rail route leading directly from Harrisburg to Washington, the pro- 
cess of mustering and forwarding to exposed points in Maryland the 
hastily-formed regiments at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, had the earliest 
attention of the Government mustering officers. Thus it happened that 
the first of the waiting regiments at Philadelphia to become soldiers 
of the nation was numbered the 17th, although it was actually inducted 
into the volunteer army before some of the Camp Curtin regiments to 
whom lower numerical designations were given. 

Pennsylvania regiments raised under later call by the Govern- 
ment were sent forward singly and brigaded from Washington. The 
three months' troops of the Keystone State formed a complete army of 
twenty-five regiments of infantry and a small force of cavalry, officered 

3 33 



34 

by the Governor of the State. This force numbered 20,979 officers and 
men. 

The services performed by the Philadelphia volunteers of the three 
months' campaign were most important, as they had an active part in 
guarding the routes leading southward and in keeping Maryland within 
loyal territory pending the formation of an army of the North under 
the call for "three years or the war." They also enabled the veteran 
Major-General Robert Patterson to enter Northern Virginia and thus 
prevent a strong Confederate advance upon Washington at that time. 
The task of the regiments along the upper Potomac river, under Gen. 
Patterson, in the early summer of 1861, was not battle, but a show of 
force.* Fifteen months prior to the event of Fort Sumter, ex-President 
Franklin Pierce had written to Jefferson Davis: "I have never believed 
that the actual disruption of the Union can come without blood, and if 
through the madness of Northern abolitionism, that dire calamity must 
come, the fighting will not be along Mason and Dixon's line merely. It 
will be within our own borders, in our own streets." f Although one 
great battle and eight minor engagements were fought upon the soil 
of Pennsylvania, and thirty battles and skirmishes occurred in Mary- 
land, the "three months' " campaign, under the direction of Major-Gen- 
eral Robert Patterson, determined that the chief theatre of the drama 
of war should be in the heart of old Virginia. 

Jefferson Davis, in an address made at Stevenson, Alabama, in Feb- 
ruary, 1 86 1, said: "Your border States will gladly come into the Southern 
Confederacy within sixty days, as we will be their only friends. ***** 
The grass will grow in the Northern cities where the pavements have 
been worn off by the tread of commerce. We will carry war where it 
is easy to advance — where food for the sword and torch awaits our 
armies in the densely populated cities, and though they may come and 
spoil our crops, we can raise them as before, while they cannot rear 
the cities which took years of industry and millions of money to build. "$ 

The best answer to this deliverance ever made was the salvation 
of Maryland by the soldiers of Pennsylvania under Patterson, with the 
approval and aid of the loyal citizens of that "border State." 

Truly, the months of weary and nearly bloodless marches and 
countermarches of the Pennsylvania brigades through Maryland and 
Northern Virginia in 1861 were not in vain. 

* Major-Gen. Patterson, then a prominent manufacturer of Philadelphia, was 
born in the county of Tyrone, Ireland, in the year 1792. He came to America 
while yet a boy. He_ served as a volunteer in the War of 1812-14, with the rank of 
captain. In the Mexican War he held a commission of major-general. As a result 
of his three-months' campaign and due to contradictory orders from Washington he 
was unjustly treated by the military authorities in 1861. He was afterward ex- 
onerated. His death occurred on August 7th, 1881. 
fMcPherson's History of the Rebellion. 
• JThe American Conflict, Greeley. 



PHILADELPHIA COMMANDS OF THE THREE MONTHS' 
SERVICE, 186P 




T 



HE eight regiments, one cavalry troop, one 
artillery company and one independent company 
furnished by Philadelphia under the first call 
by the President, dated April 15th, 1861, to serve 
three months, were as follows : 

Seventeenth Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel Francis E. Patterson. 

The First Regiment of Artillery was mustered upon 
April 25th, 1861. This organization included the Wash- 
ington Grays, Philadelphia Grays, Cadwalader Grays, 
National Artillery, West Philadelphia Grays, Independent 
Grays, and State Guards. Col. Patterson had been, 
twenty years previously, a member of the Washington 
Blues of Philadelphia, organized by his father, Gen. 
Robert Patterson. After a brief business career in New 
Orleans he had joined the Texas Rangers, became a Lieu- 
tenant in Magruder's Regular Battery, of the First Ar- 
tillery, U. S. A. Later he had held the rank of captain 
in the 9th Regiment Infantry (regulars), on duty in 
Oregon, finally accepting his present command, which, 
leaving Philadelphia via Baltimore, upon May loth, 1861, was the first 
Philadelphia regiment to reach Washington. Upon May 15th the regi- 
ment was designated, by Governor Curtin, "The 17th Regiment, Penna. 
Volunteer Infantry." This regiment was, at firsts quartered in the Capitol 
building, but later performed guard duty along the upper Potomac river, 
as a part of Gen. Patterson's column operating in that section. Com- 
panies B and C of the regiment were engaged in a skirmish at Edward's 
Ferry, Va., upon June 17th. Mustered out upon August 2d, 1861. 



Eighteenth Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel William D. Lewis, Jr. 

The old First Regiment Infantry Militia was mustered upon April 
24th, 1 86 1. This regiment included the State Fencibles, Washington 



*General and Brigade Commanders of Patterson's Army, three months' 
troops, 1861, were Major-Gen. Robert Patterson, Major-Gen. W. H. Keim, 
Brig.-Gen. George Cadwalader, Brig.-Gen. James S. Negley, Brig.-Gen. E. C. 
Williams, Brig.-Gen. George C. Wynkoop. 

35 



36 

Blues, Minute Men of ^'jd, National Grays, Garde Lafayette and Zouaves. 
The officers whose State commissions dated from 1858 were continued 
in their respective ranks. Upon May 14th this command proceeded to 
Fort McHenry and upon May 22d entered Baltimore, then under mili- 
tary control of Major-General Benjamin F. Butler, and was here engaged 
in provost duty. Two companies were dispatched to the National Ar- 
senal at Pikesville, from which they removed the Government property 
to Fort McHenry. The regiment continued in service ten days beyond 
the period of enlistment, and was mustered out at Philadelphia upon 
August 7th, 1861. 

Nineteenth Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel Peter Lyle. 

The Second Regiment Infantry Militia, nine companies, mustered 
April 27th, 1861. Part of this regiment was already on duty at Perry- 
ville, guarding the railroad and the Susquehanna river bridge. The 
regiment, which had been increased from a militia battalion in i860, was 
ordered to Fort McHenry and Baltimore upon May loth, where it 
remained during and for some days beyond the term of service, engaged 
in the maintenance of loyalty and good order. Mustered out at Phila- 
delphia August 29th, 1 861. 

Twentieth Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel William A. Gray. 

The Scott Legion (an independent organization) was mustered 
April 30th, 1861. This regiment was barracked in the building adjoining 
the Custom House upon the west. The men were clad in the uniforms 
of the pattern worn by many members in the War with Mexico. Later, 
after a considerable stay at Suffolk Park, the regiment was sent to Major- 
Gen. Robert Patterson's command, with which it remained until mustered 
out July 20th, 1 86 1. 

Twenty-first Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel John F. Ballier. 

"The German Rifle Regiment" mustered April 29th, 1861. Included 
were the Lafayette, Sarsfield, Washington, Philadelphia and Jackson Rifle 
Companies. From the 20th to the 29th of May the regiment was en- 
gaged in drill and target practice at Suffolk Park. It then joined Major- 
General Robert Patterson's command operating upon the upper Potomac 
river, and was mustered out August 8th, 1861. A majority of the enlisted 
men and officers subsequently became identified with the several distinc- 
tively German regiments raised for the three-year service in Philadelphia 
and New York City. 



37 

Twenty-second Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel Turner G. Morehead. 

This regiment was formed from the First Infantry MiHtia, Phila- 
delphia Light Guard, and was mustered April 24th, 1861. Upon the 
day of the surrender of Fort Sumter, April 14th, this command had 
been accepted by Governor Curtin, and, with headquarters at the State 
Arsenal, had filled its ten companies at the date of muster. Logan 
Square was used as a drill ground. In company with the i8th and 19th 
Regiments the command departed May 14th, by rail, for Fort McHenry 
and Baltimore, where it remained to date of muster out, August 7th, 
1861. 

Twenty-third Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel Charles P. Dare. 

This command was originally the Artillery Battalion, Third Brigade, 
First Division, Pennsylvania Militia. It was mustered as infantry upon 
April 2ist, 1861, and immediately sent to Perryville, Havre de Grace 
and other points near the lower Susquehanna river. It had been pre- 
ceded to this section by Col. Dare, temporarily assigned to command of 
the 4th Regiment, from Montgomery County, who also took with him 
Company A, of the 23d (Continental Guards). This was, therefore, the 
first fully equipped Philadelphia company to leave for the scene of the 
war.* At Perryville, Col. Dare was placed in command of the post, 
which included regulars, volunteers, and a fleet of gunboats and trans- 
ports. Relieved, upon May nth, by the nth Pennsylvania Regiment, 
the 23d Regiment proceeded to Chambersburg, Pa., and there joined 
the force of General Patterson, being engaged in the several movements 
of that campaign. The "23d" formed part of a force of Union troops 
composed of regulars and volunteers which met the Confederates at 
the action of Falling Waters, West Virginia, upon July 2d, 1861, and 
shares with the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, also present, 
the honor of participating in the first battle of the Civil War which was 
fought south of the Potomac river, in which Pennsylvania troops were 
engaged, t The regiment was mustered out upon July 31st, 1861. The 
"23d" was the first properly enlisted regiment of Philadelphia troops in 
the field. When the regiment re-enlisted in the "three years' " service it 
was allowed to retain its original number in the Pennsylvania line. Under 
the synonym, "Birney's Zouaves," the reorganized regiment was uniformed 
as zouaves, but when this showy costume was worn out it adopted the 
regulation blue of the infantry. 

*Bates' History, Vol. I, page 40. 
tDyer's Compendium, page 1578. 



38 

Twenty-fourth Regiment Infantry. 
Colonel Joshua T. Owen. 

The "24th" was recruited from the old 2d Regiment of the Second 
Brigade. It was composed largely of men of Irish birth or descent. 
Being well advanced in its formation, it was accepted and mustered upon 
May ist, 1861. 

The command included the Irish Volunteers, Hibernia Greens, Em- 
mett Guard, Meagher Guard, Jackson Guard, Shields Guard, Patterson 
Light Guards and United Guards. Company H was raised in Wil- 
mington, Delaware. 

Early in June this command arrived at Chambersburg, Pa., and par- 
ticipated in the several movements of Major-General Robert Patterson's 
troops, ending at Harper's Ferry. At the urgent request of the General 
in command the 24th Regiment remained on duty two weeks beyond its 
term of service, being mustered out August 15th, at Philadelphia. 

The Commonwealth Artillery Company. 

Captain James E. Montgomery. 

This company was raised in Philadelphia and mustered upon April 
24th, 1 86 1, to serve three months. The command was promptly sent 
to reinforce the small garrison of regulars at Fort Delaware. At the end 
of its tour of duty the battery was mustered out upon August 5th, 1861.* 

The First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. 

Captain Thomas C. James. 

Thirty officers and men of this Troop having been mustered 
into the United States service upon May 13th, 1861, at Point Breeze, 
Philadelphia, four weeks after its tender to the Governor of ^the State, 
reported at Carlisle, Pa. Upon May 30th, the Troop was attached to 
the Second Regular Cavalry, Col. George H. Thomas. The Troop had 
been provided at Philadelphia with regulation cavalry uniforms. Moving 
thence to Shippensburg and Chambersburg, the cavalry encamped at 
the latter point. On June 7th the command, with other troops, arrived 
at Greencastle, Pa., and then advanced to Williamsport, Maryland, 
upon the upper Potomac river. The division, under Gen. Cadwalader, 
here crossed the river into West Virginia. At Falling Waters, upon 
July 2d, the Troop was engaged with the enemy, thus winning the dis- 
tinction of being the first body of Pennsylvania cavalry under fire during 
the Civil War. The Union column re-crossed the Potomac upon July 
2d. Skirmishing upon the way to Martinsburg, Charlestown was reached 
upon the 17th. Here the objective point was changed to Harper's 

*This command is not included in "Bates' " list, but is recorded by "Dyer" 
(pages 216 and 217). 



39 

Ferry, where the column arrived upon July 21st. While in the field the 
Troop was reinforced by forty-one recruits. The Troop was afterward 
stationed at Sandy Hook, Maryland, from which camp it returned to 
Philadelphia, and was mustered out upon August 17th. 




Residence of Major-Gen. Robert Patterson, South-west corner Thirteenth and Locust Streets 

McMullin's Rangers. 

This company was organized chiefly from the membership of the 
Moyamensing Hose Company, on May 20th, 1861, and served with Gen. 
Patterson's force in the three months' campaign. The McMullin Rangers 
are credited, together with the 23d Regiment, with participation in the 
action at Bunker Hill, W. Va., July 15th, 1861. (Dyer, page 970.) 

The number of officers and men from Philadelphia in the three 
months' service of 1861 was about 5,700. 




^ 



THE PHILADELPHIA HOME GUARD 



BY authority of an Act of Assembly adopted upon May i6th, 1861, 
the Mayor and Councils of Philadelphia decided to form a Home 
Guard Brigade, not to exceed ten thousand men, to be composed 
of five regiments of the line, one regiment of light infantry, 
one regiment of riflemen, one regiment of cavalry and two regiments 
of artillery. These troops were intended to be distinct from the State 
Militia and to be subject to the orders of the city authorities. Member- 
ship in this organization did not exempt citizens from liability of draft. 
Philadelphia was empowered to collect a special tax to uniform and 
equip the Home Guard. 

Brig.-Gen. A. J. Pleasonton was appointed in command. In No- 
vember, 1861, the use of the market house, at Broad and Race streets, 
was given to the Home Guard as an armory. Many independent com- 
panies were absorbed into this organization. On February 22d, 1862, 
the Home Guard paraded the following troops: 

First Regiment Infantry Col. John M. Bickell. 

Second Regiment Infantry Col. Charles P. Dare. 

Third Regiment Infantry Major WilHam B. Thomas. 

First Battalion, First Regiment Rifles Major Harry Pressner. 

First Battalion, Second Regiment Rifles Major Charles E. Graeflf. 

Company B, First Regiment Artillery Capt. Matthew Hastings. 

Company C, First Regiment Artillery Capt. Mark G. Biddle. 

Company D, First Regiment Artillery Capt. E. Spencer Miller. 

First Troop, City Home Guard Capt. John Bavington. 

Washington Light Cavalry Capt. J. W. Hall. 

In an official report to the Mayor, Brig.-Gen. Pleasonton stated that 
he had in line, upon that occasion, 2,096 men, all well armed and pro- 
vided with uniforms, including overcoats. He reported as absent 2,162 
men. At a later period the brigade commander claimed that the "Home 
Guard" had supplied to the army 3,000 infantry and a battery of ar- 
tillery. A number of officers who afterward became distinguished in 
the volunteers graduated from this force, and it is probable that the 
most valuable results gained from this local attempt to maintain a mu- 
nicipal military body is to be found in the foregoing fact. During the 
Confederate invasion of the State, in September, 1862, nineteen com- 
panies of the Home Guard were sent to the Cumberland Valley and else- 
where. 




40 




ARMORY OF THE NATIONAL GUARDS REGIMENT, 
Race Street below Sixth Street. 




1. CITY ARSENAL, Race Street below Broad Street. 

2. LADNER'S MILITARY HALL, Third Street below Green Street. 



MAY AND JUNE, 1861. A SURPLUS OF ENLISTMENTS 



IN the latter days of May a rush of enlistments, beyond all require- 
ments, possessed the youth of the city.* New companies were con- 
stantly projected, each having its distinctive name and enthusiastic 
enrollment. The streets, public squares and suburban tracts were 
alive with drilling squads of recruits. The Philadelphia newspapers 
clamored at the injustice of the Government in allowing the State of 
New York to send fifty-two regiments into the field while accepting 
from Pennsylvania but twenty-six regiments. Hundreds of men, im- 
patient of the uncertainty of local enlistment, went individually to New 
York City and there entered the National service. The agents of other 
States opened recruiting offices in Philadelphia. The regular army, 
marine corps and navy absorbed much of the best material. f 

Many of the tentative companies, advertised in hand-bills and 
through the daily papers, were afterward merged, and others of the 
surplus finally became identified with the "Home Guards," the first 
company of which, the "City Grays," was enrolled at the Philadelphia 
Bank Building on May 25th, 1861. 

The names of many colonels and lesser officers much in evidence 
in the newspapers of that period were conspicuously absent from the 
roster of the field and staff of the regimental organizations. The fighting 
colonels who were to lead many a regiment through historic campaigns 
were often, in the beginning, modest officers of the line or men in the 
ranks. 

When a company had found its place and letter in a regiment, its 
recruiting title was generally forgotten, but every old soldier, who first 
handled musket or sabre in one of those ambitious formative organiza- 
tions, has always held a sentimental interest in the original names by 
which they were known. 

SEPARATE COMPANIES FORMING IN PHILADELPHIA IN 1861. 

Spring Garden Minie Rifles, joined 71st Regiment. 

Franklin Guards, joined 71st Regiment. 

Pennsylvania Guards, joined 71st Regiment. 

Marion Guards, joined 29th Regiment. 

2d Company West Philadelphia Grays, joined 29th Regiment. 

*Probably the most notable instance of enlistments from a single Philadelphia 
family was that of the seven Neilson brothers, six of whom served in the army and 
one in the navy. Of this group two are now living, one of the survivors being 
Gavin Neilson, Assistant Clerk of Common Council, who lost an arm at Spot- 
sylvania. 

fThe first of the military funerals of which Philadelphia was destined to 
see so many was that of Lieut. John Trout Greble, U. S. A., a young officer of 
artillery, killed on June loth, 1861, at Big Bethel, Va. The military burial, on 
June 14th, impressed the public greatly with the sad realities of war. 

41 



42 

United Rifles, joined 29th Regiment. 

Belmont Guards, joined 29th Regiment. 

Koska Guards, joined 29th Regiment. 

Wayne Artillery Corps, joined 29th Regiment, 

Federal Guards, joined 29th Regiment. 

Henry Clay Fencibles, joined 29th Regiment. 

Morgan Artillery, joined 29th Regiment. 

Dougherty Guards, joined 29th Regiment. 

Lincoln Cavalry (3 companies), joined ist New York Cavalry. 

State Fencibles, 3d Company, joined 82d Regiment. 

Read Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Able Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Dickson Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Quaker City Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Harmer Guards, joined 4th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Wayne Guards, joined 12th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

Duncan Guards, joined 8th Pennsylvania Reserves. 

City Guards (Schuylkill Arsenal Employees). 

Wetherill Blues, joined 82d Regiment. 

Penn Rifles, joined 2d Reserves. 

Governor's Rangers, joined 2d Reserves. 

Hibernia Target Company, joined 2d Reserves. 

Governor's Rangers, 2d Company, joined 2d Reserves. 

Governor's Rangers, 3d Company, joined 2d Reserves. 

Taggart Guards, joined 2d Reserves. 

Independent Rangers, joined 2d Reserves. 

Constitution Guards, joined 2d Reserves. 

Consolidation Guards, joined 2d Reserves. 

Scotch Rifles, joined, 2d Reserves. 

Germantown Guards, joined 3d Reserves. 

Ontario Infantry, joined 3d Reserves. 

De Silver Grays, joined 3d Reserves. 

Philadelphia Guards, joined 7th Reserves. 

Ridgeway Guards, joined 7th Reserves. 

Douglas Guards, joined 7th Reserves. 

Philadelphia Merchant Troop joined 3d Cavalry. 

Curtin Hussars became 12th Cavalry Regiment. 

Washington Troop joined 14th Cavalry. 

Garde Lafayette joined 82d Regiment. 

Gymnast Zouaves joined 23d Regiment. 

Other companies then being recruited in different sections of the City were 
the Washington Rifle Reserve Guard, Minute Guards (from Jefferson Grammar 
School), Atalanta Guards, Henry Guards (city police), Kirkwood Rangers, 
Wissahickon Rifles, Brownell Zouaves, Light Infantry Corps (U. of P.), Com- 
monwealth Light Infantry, Quaker City Artillery (ist and 2d companies), 
National Guard Cadets, Pennsylvania Cadets, Garde Lafayette Cadets, Boys' 
Own Infantry, United States Zouaves, Washington Zouaves, Philadelphia Cadets, 
Hamilton Rifles, Jayne Rifles, Bustleton Home Guard, Ellsworth Zouave Cadets, 
Penn Treaty Home Guard, Girard Home Guard, Ironside Guards, Union Artillery 
Guard, Municipal Guard, Buena Vista Rangers, Maennerchor Rifles, Blucher's 
Home Guards, Freeman's Rifle Corps, Gas Works Company.* 

*As an example to the employees of the City Gas Works, the Board of Trustees 
took the Oath of Loyalty to the United States Government. It was subsequently 
administered to all of the workmen, who were represented, in August, 1862, by 
one hundred and eighteen men in the army, in addition to which two companies 
were afterward formed which joined Roberts' Artillery. 



THE MILITARY DISTRICT OF PHILADELPHIA 



The Military District of Philadelphia was commanded in the course 
of the war by the following officers: 

Brig.-Gen. William R. Montgomery. 

Brig.-Gen. O. S. Terry. 

Major-Gen. N. J. T. Dana. 

Lieut.-Col. William D. Whipple, U. S. A., and 

Major-Gen. George Cadwalader. 

The latter officer succeeded Major-Gen. Darius N. Couch in June, 
1865, as commander of the Department of Pennsylvania and established 
his headquarters at Philadelphia. Later he was succeeded by Major-Gen. 
A. A. Humphreys. The provost headquarters in the city was stationed, 
under Capt. John Orr Finnie, at the old Pennsylvania Bank building 
on Second street near Dock. The site is now covered by the U. S. bonded 
warehouse. 

The United States provost marshals for the several districts com- 
prising the City of Philadelphia were : 

1st District, Captain William E. Lehman. 
2d District, Captain, Edwin Palmer. 
3d District, Captain Jacob S. Stretch. 
4th District, Captain D. M. Lane. 
5th District, Captain Mahlon Yardley. 

In January, 1864, the provost guard at Philadelphia consisted of 
about two hundred and fifty men, detached from numerous regiments 
and under command of Lieut.-Col. H. A. Frink, with headquarters at 
Fifth and Buttonwood streets. 

A provost company of eighty men, under Capt. Finnie, was stationed 
at this time at Fort Mifflin. 

The District of Philadelphia was an important command. The 
provost marshal held supervision of the thousands of convalescent 
soldiers then in the local military hospitals, returning them to their 
respective regiments when again fit for further service. He provided 
hospital supplies and issued vouchers for the payment of soldiers in 
hospitals or on special duty. Good order among the multitude of soldiers 
always thronging the streets required his constant attention. His force 
was increased in the spring of 1864 to a full regiment, the i86th 
Infantry. The Military District of Philadelphia was discontinued in 
August, 1865. 

43 



WAR SERVICE OF THE RAILROADS 



IN 1861, Philadelphia's rail connection with the South consisted 
of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore, the Pennsylvania, 
the Northern Central and the Cumberland Valley Railroads.* The 
importance of the first and second, from a military standpoint, was 
recognized long before the outbreak of the war. The third and fourth 
became, in the course of the struggle, "bones of contention" between 
the Union and the Confederate forces upon many occasions. Although 
the burden of responsibility was heavy and constant, the officers of these 
corporations worked nobly to assist the National Government throughout 
the war. This patriotic attitude of the railroad officials had already 
been shown in the safe conduct of President-elect Lincoln to Washington 
upon the night of February 22d, 1861. 

Realizing that the resentment of the disloyal element south of the 
Susquehanna River, because of this feat, would probably result in damage 
to the company's property. President Samuel M. Felton, of the Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, organized a select force 
of about two hundred men to guard the bridges, and act, if necessary, 
as a military body. A train was kept in readiness to concentrate them 
at any time, and in order to allay suspicion, they were put at work white- 
washing the bridges, some of which were given, it is said, six or seven 
coats, a very good protection against fire. Immediately following the 
transportation of the 6th Massachusetts Regiment and of the unarmed 
Philadelphians under Gen. Small into Baltimore, with the attendant 
rioting, the Mayor and Police Commissioners of that city ordered the 
destruction of the bridges. The work was entrusted to a force in charge 
of Isaac R. Trimble, formerly a superintendent of the railroad company. 
As a result, upon April 20th, the Harris Creek bridge at Baltimore, 
and the Bush River bridge were burned. The draw of the long Gun- 
powder River bridge was burned six days later. All telegraph wires 
leading from Baltimore were cut. It required twenty-four days of 
hard work to repair the damage, and in the meantime troops and supplies 
were carried from Perryville and Havre de Grace upon the large trans- 
port steamer Maryland, the Philadelphia ice boat and other vessels, to 

*The ' Pennsylvania Central Railroad occupied the building upon the south side 
of Market street east of Eleventh street in 1852, when the Philadelphia, Wilming- 
ton and Baltimore Railroad Company vacated it upon completion of its new 
terminal building at Broad and Prime streets. It was here that the "Pennsylvania" 
was organized and it was, for a dozen years or more, its main point of arrival and 
departure, the cars being hauled to and from West Philadelphia by mules. The 
hotel on the site of the present New Bingham House was built in 1812 by Gen. 
Thomas Leiper, and was then quite out of town. In the Civil War period it was 
still called the "New Mansion House." It was conducted at that time by James 
London, and was practically an annex to the railroad "depot." 

44 



45 

Annapolis, Md. With the occupation o£ Baltimore by an effective 
Federal force under Gen. B. F. Butler, and the arrest of the pro-southern 
leaders, the latent Union sentiment of the city again manifested itself. 
The only further damage to the P., W. and B. line was done in July, 
1864, by a raiding party from Gen. Jubal Early's force, known as 
Gilmour's guerillas, which partially burned the Gunpowder River bridge 
and a few cars. The P., W. and B. was destined to become, in the 
following years, the greatest military highway in history. 

Mr. Thomas A. Scott was granted leave of absence from the 
Pennsylvania Railroad in 1861, in order to serve the Government as 
Assistant Secretary of War. He was, at this time, thirty-seven years 
old, and endowed with great energy as well as experience. It was his 
task to facilitate the movement of troops by rail and to establish 
telegraphic service in the field. At his instance the first military telegraph 
station in America was opened in the office of Governor Curtin at Harris- 
burg, April 17th, 1861, by William Bender Wilson, who later became 
manager of military telegraphs at Washington. 

Mr. Scott was given a commission, by President Lincoln, as Colonel 
of the District of Columbia Volunteers. Among the young men he 
summoned to Washington to aid him was Frank Thomson, who was 
not yet twenty years old, but who was well versed in the line of work 
assigned to him. Under the orders of Col. Scott he organized the 
Military Telegraphic Corps, the first auxiliary of its kind in the world, 
from among the dispatchers of the Pennsylvania Railroad. It was 
the duty of this corps to maintain the important lines used by the armies 
in the field in servicable condition.* 

The Northern Central Railroad, in which the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company soon afterward acquired a controlling interest, was operated 
as a separate corporation under President James Donald Cameron. 
Joseph N. Du Barry, superintendent of this line, Col. O. N. Lull, of 
the Cumberland Valley Railroad, and other officials co-operated with 
General Superintendent Enoch Lewis and Division Superintendent 
Samuel D. Young, of the Pennsylvania System, in maintaining a 
mounted patrol along the southern border of the State as a safeguard 
against raids. The members of this patrol made constant use of a line 
of telegraph extending from Chambersburg to Bedford, keeping the 
railroad officials at Harrisburg and through them the War Department, 
fully informed of predatory movements by the enemy. It was due to 
the energy of the Northern Central officials that the five companies of 
Pennsylvania militia, known in history as the "First Defenders" were 
promptly and safely conveyed to Washington when President Lincoln 
summoned troops for the defense of the National Capitol. 

*In May, 1861, Major Fitz-John Porter, A. A. G., Department of Pennsylvania, 
acting under orders, had prepared to burn the bridges of the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railway and of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, if necessary, 
to impede any general advance of the Confederates northward. 



^^ 



46 

Until the opening of the Civil War the railroad had never been 
a factor in army campaigns. The alternate destruction and rebuilding 
of tracks in the disputed territory in the earlier part of the war made 
it imperative to employ experts familiar with work of that character. 
In April, 1862, the Secretary of War called to Washington Mr. Herman 
Haupt, of Philadelphia, an engineering graduate of West Point, who 
had previously occupied the position of the Pennsylvania Railroad's first 
general superintendent, and was, at the time, engaged upon important 
work in Massachusetts. He was appointed Chief of Construction and 
Transportation, with the rank of Colonel. In recognition of invaluable 
services rendered the Government, Col. Haupt was promoted to the 
rank of Brigadier-General in September, 1862. Gen. Haupt and his 
subordinates performed heroic service in many times of need and 
danger. 

Prominent among the railroad men who served in this branch of the 
army were W. W. Wright, of the Pennsylvania Railroad staff, who be- 
came Gen. Sherman's Chief of Construction upon the campaign through 
Georgia and the Carolinas ; General Adna Anderson and E. C. Smeed 
formerly of the Catawissa Railroad. It was with the co-operation of 
such practical engineers that, under the active personal supervision of 
Col. Thomas A. Scott, Col. D. C. McCallum, successor to Gen. Haupt, 
was able to transport General Hooker's force of twenty-two thousand 
men with all of their impedimenta from Catlett's Station, Va., to Georgia 
and Tennessee, over a distance of nearly twelve hundred miles in eight 
days. 

William J. Palmer, private secretary in 1861 to President John 
Edgar Thompson of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, resigned to 
take command of the famous "Anderson Troop" of cavalry, and in 
1862 recruited and took command of the i6oth Regiment, better known 
as the 15th Pennsylvania Cavalry, which he continued to lead to the 
end of the war. 

The list of officers of the line and field in the Federal armies who 
thus left the service of the railroads for that of their country was large 
and their achievements brilliant. One of the most distinguished instances 
was that of President George Brinton McClellan, of the Ohio and Mis- 
sissippi Railroad Company, a former captain of the regular army.* 

The patriotic attitude of the Philadelphia railroad officials is illus- 
trated in a circular issued to all employees by the Philadelphia and Read- 
ing Railroad Company, proposing to them to devote one day's pay in 
each month to the purchase of Government bonds, the interest to be 
re-invested until the close of the war. This was very generally done. 

*Capt. McClellan was a native of Philadelphia. He was attached to the Corps 
of Engineers, having graduated at West Point in 1846. He had resigned from the 
army in 1857. He was a son of Dr. George McClellan of Philadelphia. He 
was born at the southwest corner of Seventh Street (then Columbia Avenue) 
and Walnut Street, December 3d, 1826. 



47 

The Railroad Companies voted large sums of money to the relief of 
soldiers' families.* The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company- 
performed valuable service throughout the war by the rapid transpor- 
tation of troops and actively providing coal at its tide-water terminals 
for naval use. And while considerable rioting among the foreign miners 
in the coal regions, in resistance to drafts, required the presence of 
troops, that section of the State sent some splendid regiments to the 
front.f 

Through at least a portion of the war period the official envelopes 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad bore the then popular device of cannon 
and flags. The subscriptions made at various times by the "Pennsylvania" 
for the help of the Sanitary Fair and the military hospitals amounted 
to $220,000, and for homes for orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors, 
$50,000. 

*In later years a large proportion of the men who occupied important and 
responsible positions with the railroad companies centering at Philadelphia were 
returned veterans of the armies of the Union cause. 

fin the summer of 1864 the wide-spread spirit of disloyalty, existing in the 
Pennsylvania coal regions, manifested by strikes and riots, induced the Govern- 
ment to take military control of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad in order 
to secure the necessary supply of coal for naval purposes. 

In September, 1863, troops stationed at Pottsville were the loth N. Y. Infantry, 
1st N. Y. Artillery and the Invalid Corps. 




Railroad Battery built for the P. W. & B. R. R. Company by Baldwin & Co. 



:V 



THE THREE YEARS REGIMENTS 




I 



N the course of an address delivered at Orchard 
Knob, Tennessee, upon November 13th, 1897, 
Comrade John Tweedale, late of the Fifteenth 
Cavalry, Pennsylvania Volunteers, said : "It 
does not come to each generation to be privileged to 
offer life that a Nation may live. In our time the 
opportunity came and we accepted it." In the 
highest sense, the "three year" men of the Union 
Armies "accepted" their duty. There were among 
them recruits lured by large bounties, unwilling 
men who had been conscripted, some who had no 
higher motive than adventure, but the greater part 
were actuated by the purest spirit of patriotism, for 
which they willingly gave up education, business op- 
portunity, trade and security, to face unknown 
dangers, death, disease and Southern prison pens. 
These men were paid, from month to month, and 
when the paymasters closed their accounts, at the 
end of the war, the Government owed them nothing 
in agreed-upon dollars and cents. What was this 
pay? The average monthly pay of the commis- 
sioned officers in an infantry regiment, not including 
commutations for rations, servants and forage, was $58.75 per month, 
or $1.82 per diem. 

The pay of a captain of infantry, including allowances, when com- 
puted on a gold basis, which represented in 1864 its true purchasing 
power, was less than $60 per month, out of which he subsisted himself, 
bought clothing, equipments and paid his servant. 

The enlisted men really received a little more than $8 per month.* 
It has been estimated that from depreciated money alone the three-year 
soldiers lost $250,000,000. 

Three years away from the ordinary avocations of life was a handi- 
cap for the returned soldier, which many found a losing factor in his 
resumption of a civilian life. The "three year" soldiers did not figure 
out the cost — they "accepted" an opportunity to fight for the salvation of 
country and flag.f 

*Army and Navy Journal, November 19, 1864, page 196. 

tSeventy-two per cent, of all enlistments were for the term of three years. 

The average strength of the Union armies, volunteers and regulars, during 
the war, was 809,777. This figure does not include the militia serving as State 
troops. The maximum strength of the land forces (not including militia) did 
not reach 1,000,000 men until May ist, 1865, and the highest number reached was 
1,000,516, ("The Soldier in the Civil War," Frank Leslie Reprints.) 

48 



TWENTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Birney Zouaves) 

Colonel David B. Birney to February 17th, 1862. 
Colonel Thomas H. Neill to December 13th, 1862. 
Colonel John Ely to December 6th, 1863. 
Colonel John F. Glenn to September 8th, 1864. 
Total Enrollment, 1,589 Officers and Men.* 




T 



HIS regiment was organized under the first 

call for troops, on April 21st, 1861, under 

command of Col. Charles P. Dare, being the 

first regiment that left Philadelphia fully 

armed and equipped. It was mustered out on July 

31st and re-enlisted August 2d under command of 

Col. David B. Birney.f 

Breaking camp at the Falls of Schuylkill, the 
regiment left in September for Washington. Soon 
afterward the regiment was recruited to fifteen com- 
panies, of which twelve were from Philadelphia and 
one each from Pittsburg, Wilkes-Barre and Columbia. 
Col. Birney was promoted February 17th, 1862, as 
brigadier-general, and Capt. Thomas H. Neill, of the 
5th U. S. Infantry, became colonel of the regiment. At 
this time four of the companies were detached to the 
61 st Pennsylvania Infantry and a fifth was absorbed 
into the remaining ten companies. The "23d" first 
met the enemy at Warwick Creek, Williamsburg 
and Bottom's Bridge, losing a few men wounded. At 
Fair Oaks, Seven Pines and in the final movements 
of the Peninsular campaign the regiment saw heavy 
fighting with much loss, being engaged at White Oak Swamp, Charles 
City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill. The "23d" was next sent to the 
Bull Run Campaign, via Alexandria, Va., participating in the battle of 
Chantilly. In September it was part of an independent brigade under 
Col. Thomas H. Neill, detached to guard the fords of the upper Potomac, 

*When Philadelphia companies are specified in headings the total enrollments 
apply to them only, in other cases the entire regimental enrollments are given. 

tCol. Dare died soon afterl the return of his regiment. Col. Birney was 
advanced to the rank of brigadier-general on February 17th, 1862. He died while 
in command of the Tenth Army Corps on October i8th, 1864. 

Gen. David B. Birney died at the Eagle Hotel on the West Chester turnpike, 
near Llanerch, a fact recalled by the newspapers in connection with the recent 
destruction of the time-honored hostelry by fire. 

4 49 



50 

just crossed by Lee in the Maryland campaign. Here the regiment lost 
twenty-six men of Company B by capture. 

At Fredericksburg, upon the night of December loth, the "23d" led 
the army across the Rappahannock River upon the pontoon bridge at 
Franklin's Crossing. Col. Neill here took command of a brigade, and 
Lieut.-Col. John Ely became colonel. In May, 1863, the regiment, with 
the Sixth Corps, was again in front of Fredericksburg, where five com- 
panies, under Lieut.-Col. John F. Glenn, made a preliminary attack upon 
Marye's Heights, losing sixteen men. In the final charge the "23d" 
voluntarily rushed into a weak point, and entered the works, assisting in 
capturing, with the Sixth Corps, everything in sight, losing seventy-two 
men. For this feat one hundred silver medals were afterward pre- 
sented to participants by Col. Ely. Upon the afternoon of the same 
day (May 3d) the "23d," with Gen. Sedgwick's Sixth Corps, again met 
the enemy at Salem Church. Skirmishing and marching through June, 
the 23d Regiment entered upon the famous forced march of the Sixth 
Corps, which brought all-important help to Meade at Gettysburg. Ar- 
riving upon the scene at 4 P. M., July 2d, they were promptly sent to 
the support of the Fifth Corps, near Little Round Top, but without 
actual engagement. In the conflict of the third day Shaler's Brigade, 
including the "23d," was sent to the Twelfth Corps at Gulp's Hill, where 
they became engaged, driving Johnston's force back to their works, and 
in the afternoon it was marched, under the heavy artillery fire preceding 
Pickett's assault, to the left center of the battle line formed to receive 
him. The regimental loss in these various movements was two officers 
and twenty-nine men killed and wounded. The monument of the 23d 
Regiment at Gettysburg is located at Gulp's Hill, where it was engaged.* 

On July 5th the Sixth Corps followed Lee's retreating army in the 
direction of the Potomac River, capturing large numbers of prisoners. 
While in camp at Warrenton the regiment received a re-enforcement of 
one hundred and forty-six drafted men, and was assigned to the Second 
Division, Sixth Corps. Col. Ely returned and resumed command on 
September 2d, 1863, and soon afterward the regiment was again march- 
ing, guarding and skirmishing in the movements of the Sixth Corps, 
this period covering the affairs at Rappahannock Station, Kelly's Ford 
and the Mine Run. At the beginning of December, 1864, the regiment 
was back in its old camp at Warrenton, where, because of disabilities. 
Col. Ely resigned and Lieut.-Col. John F. Glenn was commissioned 
colonel. At the end of the year two hundred of the men re-enlisted as 

*The Gettysburg Battlefield Commission first offered the regiment a monument 
site at either to the right of Little Round Top or to the left of Gen. Meade's 
headquarters. Eventually the "23d" proved its claim to the location on Gulp's 
Hill and there erected its monument. After the State appropriation was made 
for the cost of regimental monuments the "23d" expended its share thereof in 
the addition of a bronze figure of a Zouave. When this had been done the 
monument v^as rededicated. 



51 

veteran volunteers. The balance of the regiment was dispatched, in 
January, under Major William J. Wallace, to Johnson's Island, Lake 
Erie, for guard duty over the prison for Confederate officers, the veteran 
contingent joining them on February nth, 1864. The opening of the 
summer campaign found the "23d" again upon familiar ground in Vir- 
ginia, and on May 14th the command was detailed to guard and convoy 
freshly captured prisoners, then very numerous. This work and the de- 
struction of the railroad trackage was performed under command of 
Col. Isaac C. Bassett, of the 82d Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. The 
"23d" rejoined the Army of the Potomac at the North Anna. At Cold 
Harbor, on June ist, the "23d" met with its most trying experience, 
losing, in the futile effort to break the Confederate line, nine officers 
and one hundred and eighty-eight men, killed or wounded. The remnant 
of the regiment remained on the firing line until, ten days' later, the 
movement was made to the investment of Petersburg. Here the old 
Sixth Corps was kept busy, night and dav. in the trenches. After a hot 
skirmish at Ream's Station, the scene again changed. The Sixth Corps 
was hurried away to Washington, then threatened by the tireless Early, 
who was followed to the Shenandoah Valley. While engaged in the 
Valley the term of enlistment of the "23d" expired. The veterans and 
recruits were transferred to the 82d Pennsylvania Regiment. At Phila- 
delphia the command was mustered out on September 8th, 1864. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 126. 

Died from disease or other causes " 3 ; " 56. 

Wounded, not mortally " 18 ; " 434. 

Captured or missing " i ; " 78. 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Warwick Creek, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Charles City 
Cross Roads, Turkey Bend, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem 
Church, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Mine Run, Cold Harbor, Petersburg; also present 
at Second Malvern Hill, Chantilly, Rappahannock Station, North Anna, Hanover- 
town, Fort Stevens, D. C., and in Shenandoah Valley campaign to August 23d, 1864. 




TWENTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel William F. Small to June 30, 1862. 
Colonel Benjamin C. Tilghman to July 26, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Robert L. Bodine to June 18, 1864. 
Total Enrollment, 1,523 Officers and Men. 



A ■ ^ HIS regiment, recruited by Col. William F. Small, late com- 
I mander of the "Washington Brigade," was the first of the 
J "three years' " regiments of Pennsylvania. It was mustered in 
to date from May 5th, 1861. With the exception of a part of 
Company K it was composed of Philadelphia volunteers. *The regi- 
ment moved to Washington upon June 17th, where Company B, Capt. 
John B. Adams, was detached for special duty at headquarters of Gen. 
George B. McClellan. This company rejoined the regiment in Feb- 
ruary, 1863. The "26th" was attached to Grover's Brigade, Hooker's 
Division, Third Corps, and wintered in camp at Budd's Ferry, Mary- 
land. In April, 1862, the "26th" was engaged upon the Virginia Penin- 
sula, sharing in the actions of Yorktown and Williamsburg. At the 
latter battle Col. Small was wounded, necessitating his retirement from 
the service. Lieut.-Col. Benjamin C. Tilghman succeeded to the col- 
onelcy. The regiment participated in the battles of Fair Oaks, Seven 
Pines and Malvern Hill, and in the movements leading to Harrison's 
Landing, on the James river. Leaving Yorktown by steamer for Alex- 
andria, Va., the Third Corps was advanced to the Rappahannock 
river, met the enemy at Bristoe Station, and on August 29th, 1862, lost 
heavily at the second battle of Bull Run. In December, 1862, the "26th" 
was engaged in the attack upon Fredericksburg. At the battle of Chan- 
cellorsville it was again severel}^ depleted. In this battle Col. Tilghman was 
wounded, and, later, resigned. Lieut.-Col. Robert L. Bodine assumed 
command. Early in June, 1863, the regiment was detailed to guard 
the wagon train of the Third Corps upon a march which finally led to 
South Mountain and Gettj^sburg. The Third Corps was engaged in the 
great battle at this historic field upon the second and third days. The 
"26th" went into the fight with three hundred and sixty-four rank and 
file, losing two hundred and thirteen killed and wounded. Of the eigh- 
teen officers, two were killed and nine severely wounded. Three color 
bearers were killed. At Beverly Ford, in August, 1863, the regiment 
was reinforced by one hundred and ninety-two recruits from Phila- 

*Col. Small had served in the Mexican War as Captain of the Monroe Guards. 
Lieut-Col. Rush Van Dyke had also served in Mexico as captain of the Mont- 
gomery Guards. Both of these companies were from Philadelphia and numbers 
of their members were enrolled in the 26th Regiment. 

52 



53 

delphia. A series of marches and skirmishes kept the regiment fully 
occupied through the autumn and the winter was spent in road construc- 
tion and camp routine. At this time the Third Corps was disbanded 
and the "26th" became a part of the Second Brigade, Third Division, 
Second Corps. On May 4th, 1864, the regiment, under Major Samuel 
G. Moffitt (Col. Bodine having been promoted Bvt.-Brig.-General) 
was again on the march, and in the thick of the fight at the "Wilder- 
ness," losing twelve killed and twenty-seven wounded. On the loth 
the "26th" charged the enemy at Spotsylvania, and two days later 
shared in a greater charge upon the same ground, capturing two Na- 
poleon iguns. Here the regiment lost twenty killed and forty-five 
wounded. Many of the casualties were inflicted by an attack upon 
the left flank of the army by Rosser's cavalry. At North Anna River 
a week later, the "26th" fought its last battle, and, its term of service 
having expired, was sent to Philadelphia, arriving upon June 5th, 1864. 
The men whose enlistments had not ended were transferred to the 99th 
Regiment, Penna. Infantry. After a splendid reception by the people of 
Philadelphia the regiment was mustered out June i8th, 1864. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed in action officers, 5 ; men, y'] 

Died of Wounds " i; " 63 

Died of disease or other causes " 2 ; " 73 

Wounded, not mortally " 22 ; " 398 

Captured or missing " 65 

BATTLES. 

Yorktown, Williamsburg, Oak Grove, Seven Days' Battles, Manassas, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania and 
also present at Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Chan- 
tilly, Kelly's Ford, North Anna and Totopotomoy. 




TWENTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Max Einstein to October 2d, 1861, 
Colonel Adolph Buschbeck to June nth, 1864. 

Total Enrollment, 1,346 Officers and Men. 



T 



^ P ^ HE staunch German element of the Northern Liberties and 
Kensington districts which had been so largely represented in 
the Second Regiment of General Small's "Washington Brigade," 
proceeded, immediately after the Baltimore episode, to organize 
a regiment of light artillery. Col. Max Einstein, its commander, offered 
the services of his regiment to the Government, but the acceptance was 
accompanied with the proviso that the command should serve as in- 
fantry and as such it was mustered in, May 30th and 31st, 1861. The 
term of service was, however, dated to begin upon May 5th. Camp was 
established in Camden, N. J., from which the regiment proceeded to 
Washington June i8th, encamping at Kalarama Heights. Here it was 
assigned to the First Brigade (Blenker's) of the Fifth Division, Army 
of the Potomac. This division formed the reserve of the battle of 
Bull Run and being posted at Centreville Heights was not actively 
engaged. The "27th" was the only Philadelphia regiment identified 
with that disastrous Union advance and rout, and its men covered the 
retreat of the army like veterans. In August, Company F, Captain 
Chauncey Spering, was detached for duty at the Washington Arsenal 
and did not rejoin the regiment. Upon September 7th, 1861, Lieut. Col. 
Charles Angeroth and Major William Schoenleber resigned, their re- 
spective successors being Adolph Buschbeck and Lorenz Cantador. Col. 
Einstein resigned October 2nd, 1861, and the officers named were 
promoted as Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel. Colonel Buschbeck was 
soon afterward placed in command of the brigade. It was not until in 
winter quarters that the officers received their commissions, and the 
regimental colors were not provided until February, 1862. Under the 
McClellan organization the "27th" became a part of Lieut.-Colonel 
Stahl's Brigade, Blenker's (German) Division, First Corps. In the 
spring of 1862 Blenker's Division marched westward to join the Moun- 
tain Department, then commanded by Major Genl. John C. Fremont, 
with headquarters at Franklin, West Virginia. At Cross Keys and 
Port Republic, in the Valley of the Shenandoah, the regiment experienced 
its first duels with the enemy, with great credit to its officers and men. 
Through July, August and September, the "27th" participated in a 
retrograde movement, which led in the direction of Washington. Major 
General Franz Sigel had superseded Fremont in command of the Moun- 
tain Department. The First Corps crossed the Blue Ridge and the 

54 



55 

"27th," with the 45th New York and a battery, now became the extreme 
outpost of the Army, and the rear-guard of Pope's retreat. At Rappa- 
hannock Station, Freeman's Ford and White Sulphur Springs the 
command was under constant fire. Skirmishing and fighting across 
the country to the vicinity of Centreville, the Confederates were en- 
countered in force upon the old Bull Run field, upon August 28th, 1862, 
where, as usual, the "27th" was in the thick of the fight. This action 
was preliminary to the more important battle known as the "Second 
Bull Run," occurring upon the 30th, from which, after a hard day's 
work, the "27th," with a detachment of "Bucktails," covered the retreat, 
which led through Vienna to Falls Church, Va. Upon September 21st 
the brigade was moved forward to Centreville, Va. 

Upon October 26th, 1862, the "27th" was attached to the First 
Brigade of the Second Division, Eleventh Corps. Between this date and 
February 5th, 1863, when the regiment was finally allowed to establish 
winter quarters at Stafford Court House, Va., it was constantly employed 
in building roads, clearing ground for defences and similar heavy duty, 
varied with picket duty and skirmishing. 

The campaign of 1863 opened, in earnest, with the disastrous battle 
of Chancellorsville, in which the "27th" lost heavily. The Confederate 
success on this field was promptly followed by the invasion of Maryland 
and Pennsylvania. The Eleventh Corps was rushed into Maryland and, 
constantly watching the movements of the enemy upon its left-flank, 
was but little behind the First Corps in reaching Gettysburg, where it 
arrived at noon, upon July ist, plunging at once into the conflict. In 
the melee many of the men were killed, wounded or captured. The 
balance of the regiment retired to Cemetery Hill, and there, at night- 
fall of the 2d, joined in the repulse of the famous "Louisiana Tigers." 
The "27th" remained upon this part of the field assisting in the defence 
of the right flank, upon the 3d, being exposed much of the time to a 
destructive fire. The command was among the first to enter Gettysburg 
upon the morning of the 4th of July. The regimental loss in this series 
of battles was two officers and twenty-two men killed, three officers and 
sixty-five men wounded, one officer and forty-four men captured. 

Two months later, after having received an accession of one hundred 
and seventy conscripts, the "27th" entered upon a new chapter of adven- 
ture. With the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps it became a part of an army 
of twenty thousand men under Major General Joseph Hooker, dispatched 
to the assistance of General Rosecrans, who was beleaguered at Chatta- 
nooga, Tenn. The journey, by rail, was accomplished in eight days, tra- 
versing five States. On September 9th the Eleventh Corps marched from 
Murfreesboro, Tenn., to a point thirteen miles south, where the command 
fortified, but was advanced by rail to Stephenson, Ala., reporting here 
to General Hooker. The task of the troops was now to force a junction 
with Rosecrans. The way led through Bridgeport, Ala., twenty miles 
west from Chattanooga, via Shell Mound, beyond which, to Wauhatchie, 



56 

Tenn., the route was through the wild and picturesque valley of the 
Tennessee River. While in camp near Wauhatchie, Lieut.-Col. Cantador 
resigned, being succeeded by Major Peter A. McAloon. The brigade, 
including the "27th," marched into Chattanooga upon November 22d, 
and, with Sherman's troops, participated in the fight of Orchard Knob and 
in the assault upon Missionary Ridge. One officer and forty-five men 
were killed and six officers and eighty men were wounded. Among the 
latter was Lieut.-Col. McAloon, who died upon December 7th. The 
command of the regiment now devolved upon Major August Reidt. The 
remnant of the "27th" was immediately sent, with other troops, upon a 
forced march under General Sherman, without tents or blankets^ to the 
relief of General Burnside at Knoxville, but was returned to Chattanooga 
in December. The "27th" was now placed in the First Brigade of 
Geary's Division. At this time the men claimed that the term of service 
of the regiment had expired, but, after considerable discontent had been 
manifested, the command marched away toward Atlanta, a part of Sher- 
man's victorious column, to wage further battles at Rocky Face, Dug 
Gap, Resaca and Dallas. At the latter point the war-worn survivors 
received orders to proceed to Philadelphia, where they arrived upon May 
31, 1864, and were soon afterwards mustered out, having served three 
years and two months. Lieut.-Col. August Reidt was the only original 
field officer of the regiment who remained to the end of the term of 
service. The total strength of the regiment, together with conscripts 
and recruits, was thirteen hundred and forty-six officers and men. Of 
these, three hundred and thirty-six officers and men, including those in 
Company F (detached) , came home with the regiment, and a large 
portion of this remnant had been wounded in one or more of the many 
battles in which they had been engaged. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 73 

Died from disease or other causes " " 62 

Wounded, not mortally " 3 ; " 26 

Captured or missing " i ; " 76 

BATTLES. 

Cross Keys, Rappahannock River, Groveton, Bull Run (second), Chancellors- 
ville, Gettysburg, Hagerstown, Orchard Knob, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, 
Resaca, Dallas. 



TWENTY=EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel John W. Geary to April 25th, 1862. 
Colonel Gabriel de Korponay to March 26th, 1863. 
Colonel Thomas J. Ahl to March i8th, 1864. 
Colonel John J. Flynn to November 3d, 1865. 

Philadelphia Companies C, D, I, K, M and P. 
Total Enrollment, 975 Officers and Men. 



IN June, 1861, Col. John W. Geary began the organization of a regi- 
ment of fifteen companies, six of which were recruited in Philadel- 
phia and nine in the counties of Luzerne, Westmoreland, Carbon, 
Huntingdon, Allegheny and Cambria. Col. Geary uniformed and 
equipped the regiment at his own expense. The original uniform was 
gray, but this was afterward discarded for the regulation blue. The 
command was mustered in upon June 28th, 1861, as the Twenty- 
eighth Regiment. The camp was located at Oxford Park, Philadelphia. 
Ten companies were sent, upon July 27th, to Harper's Ferry, where 
Col. Geary was ordered by Major-General N. P. Banks to patrol duty 
along the Potomac River. This involved great vigilance and some 
desultory skirmishing. The "28th," with several Massachusetts and 
Wisconsin companies, under the command of Col. Geary, met and de- 
feated a force of Confederates at Bolivar Heights, West Virginia, upon 
October i6th, and again, a few days later, at Loudon Heights. For 
these achievements the regiment was especially commended by the Presi- 
dent, Secretary of War and Gen. Banks. Upon October 21st, the 
regiment was present at the affair of Ball's Bluff. A week later at Nolan's 
Ferry, Md., a Confederate column was repulsed in an effort to cross the 
Potomac and enter Maryland. For more than three months the bridges 
and ferries of the Potomac were protected and then, upon February 
24th, 1863, Col. Geary once more crossed the river and again drove 
the enemy from Bolivar Heights, and beyond Leesburg. On March 
8th he occupied that point and pushed on to Snickers Gap in the South 
Mountain, and thence to White Plains, with several brisk skirmishes 
en route at Middleburg and Salem. Here, fifty miles southwest from 
Harper's Ferry, Col. Geary's force proceeded to repair the Manassas 
Railroad. Upon April 25th, 1862, Col. Geary received a commission 
as Brigadier-General of Volunteers. Lieut.-Col. Gabriel de Korponay 
now became Colonel of the "28th." The brigade, now under Gen. Geary, 
continued to guard and make effective the Manassas Railroad over a 
distance of fifty-two miles. At the western extreme of this line, at 
Front Royal, in the Valley of the Shenandoah, a portion of the "28th" 
was engaged with other troops in a defensive fight in which the infantry 
with Knap's Battery did effective work. Upon July loth, 1862, orders 

57 



58 

were issued constituting the "28th," and other troops of Gen. Geary's 
command, the Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. A month 
later the designation was changed to First Brigade, Second Division, 
Second Corps. Upon August 9th the "28th" was sent to dislodge the 
enemy from possession of Thoroughfare Gap (Cedar Mountain). Part 
of the regiment reached the field of Cedar Creek at night in time 
to participate in the battle at that point. In this affair Gen. Geary 
was wounded. At Bristoe Station the "28th/' in the face of the advanc- 
ing enemy, destroyed, by order, several locomotives, a large number of 
cars and all of the Government supplies stored there. The "28th" 
reached Bull Run upon the day following the second battle upon that 
field. From September 2d to the i6th the First Brigade was upon the 
march which was ended at Antietam, Md., a distance of one hundred 
and twenty-five miles in torrid weather. In the hard-fought battle of 
the 17th the regiment lost, in killed and wounded, two hundred and 
sixty-one officers and men, a record exceeded by but one other command 
present. The trophies of the "28th" were two guns and five flags. 

Two days later the regiment found itself once more at the scene 
of its early victories, upon Loudon Heights, Harper's Ferry. 

Five companies, including M and P, of Philadelphia, were detached 
on October 28th, 1862, to become a nucleus for the 147th Regiment, then 
forming at Harrisburg. 

General Geary returned to duty and assumed command of the Second 
Division, at Bolivar Heights. Upon December 9th the Twelfth Corps 
was ordered to Fredericksburg, but the "28th" was left ot Dumfries, Va., 
upon the Potomac River, where it was attacked by a large force of 
Stuart's Cavalry. The latter were driven northward by Geary's Divi- 
sion, resulting in an engagement at Occoquan, Va., a few miles south 
of Mount Vernon. For four months, dating from January ist, 1863, 
the "28th" enjoyed comparative rest at Acquia Creek. Then it was 
hurried away upon a forced march to Chancellorsville, and three days 
later counted its losses to be above one hundred killed and wounded of 
the three hundred officers and men in line. Among the killed was Major 
L. F. Chapman, who had been in command. Upon March 26th, 1863, Col. 
De Korponay resigned and Capt. Thomas J. Ahl of Company H was 
commissioned colonel. Up to this period the regiment had been armed 
with Enfield rifles, carrying sword bayonets. These were now replaced 
with Springfield rifles. Along with the hurrying army en route to head off 
the determined Confederates under Gen. Lee, in their break toward Penn- 
sylvania, the Twelfth Corps began its northward march. It was des- 
tined to reach the scene at Gettysburg upon the morning of July 2d, 
1863, being stationed at the "point of the hook" upon Gulp's Hill. Being 
well fortified the "28th" lost in this great battle but twenty-five killed, 
wounded and missing. The regiment followed with other troops, upon 
the heels of the retreating Confederates seventy-five miles, finally reach- 
ing Sandy Hook, Md., upon the Potomac River, on the i8th. Geary's 



59 

division next met the enemy at Manassas Gap, where the last of the 
"28th's" battles upon Virginia soil was waged. The Eleventh and Twelfth 
Corps had been selected, for their oft-proven fighting qualities, to go 
to the help of the Army of the Cumberland. The "28th" with Geary's 
Pennsylvanians speeded westward, over the Baltimore and Ohio Rail- 
road, to the Ohio River and on through Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee 
to Murfreesboro, Tenn., arriving in time to save the railroad connecting 
with Bridgeport upon the Tennessee River from the tender mercies of 
Wheeler's Cavalry. Upon joining the Army of the Cumberland Gen. 
Geary's Brigade became a part of the Twentieth Corps, through the 
merger into that organization of the old Eleventh and Twelfth Corps. 
The "28th" missed the battle of this division at Wauhatchie, after a twen- 
ty-eight-mile march. In this battle Capt. E. R. Geary, the eighteen-year- 
old commander of Knap's Battery), and son of Gen. Geary, was killed. 
Upon November 24th, the Second Division, including the "28th," was 
ordered to storm the heights of Lookout Mountain. All that historic 
day of the famous "battle above the clouds" the struggle continued. 
Around the rock-strewn flanks of Lookout the battle surged and the 
clouds were lurid with fires, but in the morning, when the mists had 
swept away, the host of soldiery in and around Chattanooga, saw the 
stars and stripes waving from the cliffs of the mountain. This splendid 
feat won the unstinted praise of Gen. U. S. Grant, who reviewed and 
thanked Geary's Division at Wauhatchie. The "28th" was in the action 
at Missionary Ridge upon November 25th, and on the 27th again 
met the enemy at Ringgold, Ga., where the regiment lost thirty-four 
killed and wounded, including among the killed Lieut. Peter Kahlor of 
Company E, a veteran of the Mexican War. In December the regiment, 
having re-enlisted, returned home for thirty days, at the expiration of 
which it rejoined the Armyof the Cumberland. Upon March i8th, 1864, 
Col. Ahl resigned and Lieut.-Col. John J. Flynn was commissioned in his 
place. In April the regiment helped to punish the enemy at Guntersville 
and Triano upon the Tennessee River, and in May placed two more 
affairs to its credit at Snake Creek Gap and Dalton Road, Ga., fol- 
lowed by a week of continuous fighting near New Hope Church, Ga. 
In June the advance toward Atlanta was contested at Pine Knob, Pine 
Hill and Lost Mountain, Muddy Creek, Noses' Creek, Kolb's Farm, 
Kenesaw Mountain and upon July 3d the battle of Marietta, considered 
the key to the city of Atlanta, which was approached upon July 5th, 
1864. This prize was not to be had, however, without further effort. 
It was necessary to chastise Hood and his cohorts at Peach Tree Creek. 
Atlanta fell upon September 2d. So constant was the battling all through 
this campaign that it has been called the "hundred days' fight," the 
progress of the Union forces being one of constant victory.* The "March 

*The total losses of Sherman, in killed, wounded and captured, between Chatta- 
nooga and Atlanta were estimated to be 31,300. 



6o 

to the Sea" began upon November 15th. This remarkable tour de force 
required five weeks of constant marching and skirmishing, out of all 
touch with the North and without reserve supplies. The Fourteenth 
and Fourth Corps formed the left wing of the army. The men seemed 
to know that they were making history. Savannah was occupied upon 
December 21st. The 28th Regiment captured and occupied Fort Jackson. 
The Pennsylvanians of Geary's Division were the first to enter the city. 
The troops extinguished the fires kindled by the Confederates and re- 
stored order and confidence. Within a few days Philadelphia was busy 
raising money for and sending food to the "starving people of the city." 

The left wing started from Savannah upon the long, wet and 
muddy journey westward and northward upon January 19th, 1865. This 
occupied eleven weeks, up to the date of Johnston's surrender. As a 
result of the capture of Columbia, capital city of the "mother of seces- 
sion," the city of Charleston, heroically defended for more than four 
years, was abandoned by the garrison under McLaws. Upon February 
24th, 1865, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was appointed by the Richmond 
Government to the command of the Carolinas, and that capable officer 
came into conflict with the Union forces in numerous skirmishes and 
in two severe battles, at Averysboro, N. C, and Bentonville, N. C. At 
Goldsboro, N. C, Gen. Sherman found, upon March 23d, Schofield's 
force awaiting him. Raleigh, N. C, was occupied upon April 13th, and 
here, upon the 26th, Gen. Johnston surrendered upon terms similar 
to those extended to Lee by Grant, seventeen days earlier, at Appo- 
mattox. In referring to the march of the Union force "from Atlanta 
to the Sea," and from Savannah to Raleigh, the Confederate Gen. John- 
ston said that "these troops were the toughest and most ready army 
since Julius Caesar commanded the Roman legions." 

The 28th Regiment, including its re-enlistment, was in the field 
more than four years. "It served in twelve States and was engaged in 
as many skirmishes and battles as any regiment in, the army. 

The Philadelphia companies of the regiment were mustered out 
upon July 1 8th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 151 

Died from disease or other causes " 3 ; " 124 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Pritchard's Mill, Berlin (September 19th, 1861), Point of Rocks (September 
24th, 1861), Berlin (September 29th, 1861), Bolivar Heights, Point of Rocks (De- 
cember 19th, 1861), Leesburg, Middleburg, Linden, Northern Virginia campaign, 
Antietam, Hillsborough, Lovettsville Road, Old Wilderness Tavern, Chancellors- 
ville, Gettysburg, Fair Play, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Ringgold or 
Taylor's Ridge, Mill Creek Gap, Resaca, Pumpkin Vine Creek, New Hope Church, 
Pine Knob, Kulp's House, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, 
Savannah, North Edisto River, Congaree River, Durham Station or Bennett's 
House. 



TWENTY=MNTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel John K. Murphy to April 23d, 1863.* 
Colonel William D. Rickards, Jr., to November 2d, 1864. 
Colonel Samuel M. Zulick to July 7th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 2,108 Officers and Men. 



UNDER the name of "The Jackson Regiment" this strong com- 
mand was recruited entirely in Philadelphia, by Col. John K. 
Murphy in May, June and July, 1861. Headquarters were 
located in the building adjoining the Custom House, upon the 
west. The ten companies were known as the Marion Guards, West 
Philadelphia Greys, United Rifles, Belmont Guards, Koska Guards, Wayne 
Artillery Corps, Federal Guards, Henry Clay Fencibles, Morgan Artillery 
and Dougherty Guards. 

Upon July 1 6th the regiment went into camp at Hestonville. The 
heavy expense of recruiting, and of uniforms and subsistence was borne 
by the officers. The uniforms, as in the case of many other of the 
early regiments, were of gray cloth. The companies were mustered 
during June and July and the command was designated the 29th Regi- 
ment of the line, and was the third of the five Philadelphia infantry 
regiments destined to win glory in both the eastern and western armies. 
Upon August 3d, the "29th" left Philadelphia for Sandy Hook, Mary- 
land, there joining the army under Major-General N. P. Banks, being 
attached to the Third Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. The work 
and experiences of the "29th" under Gen. Banks were parallel with those 
of the "28th," involving the guarding of ferries along the upper Potomac 
River, and the occupation of the country westward along or south of 
the Shenandoah River, co-operating with Fremont's Mountain Depart- 
ment with almost constant skirmishes with Confederate cavalry parties. 
In a skirmish with the Louisiana Brigade at Winchester, Va., upon 
April 25th, 1862, Col. Murphy with a considerable number of the regi- 
ment were made prisoners. These, together with two companies cap- 
tured on May 23d by the Confederates at Front Royal, aggregated a 
loss of seven officers and one hundred and forty-eight enlisted men. 
Three Companies, C, E. and F. of the "29th," under command of 
Major Michael Scott, were present at the battle of Cedar Mountain 
upon August 9th, but not actively engaged. Upon September 17th the 
regiment was at Antietam, but being upon provost and rear guard duty 
did not meet with heavy fighting. Col. Murphy and his fellow officers 
having been exchanged, returned to the regiment upon October 22d. 

*In the War with Mexico Col. Murphy was captain of the National Artillery 
from Philadelphia. 

61 



62 

After a period of provost duty at Hagerstown, the regiment rejoined 
the brigade near Fairfax Station, Leesburg, Va., of which Col. Murphy, 
as senior officer, took command. The brigade was then moved to Alex- 
andria, Va. Following the experience of Burnside's famous "mud 
march" the "29th" went into camp at Stafford Court House, Va., where, 
in command of Lieut.-Col. William D. Rickards, winter quarters was 
built and the regiment devoted itself to the routine of drill and guard 
duty. Upon March 21st, 1863, the "29th" became a part of the Second 
Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps. The new brigade was com- 
posed entirely of Pennsylvania regiments. Upon April 26th, 1863, the 
regiment moved from its camp toward Fredericksburg, arriving at Chan- 
cellorsville upon the evening of the 30th. In the battles of May ist to 
4th, the "29th" lost six men killed and thirteen wounded. With the 
general movement of the army toward Maryland and Pennsylvania, in 
June, 1863, the "29th" performed the long and exhausting march ending 
at Gettysburg, reaching the field, with Geary's division, upon the ist 
of July, occupying Round Top. Upon the morning of the 2d, the "29th" 
was sent to the right of the line at Gulp's Hill. At 7 P. M. the brigade 
was hurried away to assist the left flank, in the direction of Little Round 
Top. Returning to Gulp's Hill it was hotly engaged in that wilder- 
ness of forest and rocks to the end of the battle, losing, altogether, fifteen 
killed and fifty-nine wounded or missing. The pursuit of the retreating 
Confederates led the Twelfth Corps back to the region of Harper's 
Ferry and the Shenandoah River and thence on to the South Mountain 
and Thoroughfare Gap, but the quarry had escaped. On September 
23d, the regiment, proceeding to Washington, was entrained with the 
rest of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, and sent to join the Army of 
the Cumberland. At Murfreesboro, Tenn., Col. Rickards was ordered 
to the command of the Twelfth Corps regiments already arrived. While 
engaged in building a fort at Fosterville, upon the Nashville and Chatta- 
nooga Railroad, the force was ordered to Stephenson, Ala., by rail and 
there reported to Gen. Hooker. From this point the "29th" was sent 
forward through a wild and picturesque country to Wauhatchie Junction, 
the regiment being at once placed on picket duty. This precaution frus- 
trated a night attack in which the enemy was badly beaten. This was 
the battle of Wauhatchie, in which the Union force consisted of four 
New York and three Pennsylvania Regiments and Knap's Battery, 
General Longstreet's troops, met here, numbered three to one of the 
Federal force. 

Upon November 24th, at daylight, the "29th" occupied the right 
of Major-Gen. Geary's division in the picturesque action called the 
"Battle above the Clouds." The column advanced up the west slope 
of Lookout Mountain at a place about three miles south from the point 
which overlooks the Tennessee River. When the head of the line 
reached the vertical escarpment of rock the column faced left and swept 
along the slope, through the tangle of rocks and forest growth, followed 



63 

by the supporting line of the Third Brigade. The enemy swarmed 
along the cliff and down the narrow gorges to the attack. Hundreds 
of the Confederates surrendered and were sent to the rear. In the 
midst of lowering clouds, here, eighteen hundred feet above the valley, 
the fight surged around the point, past the Craven house and on, to 
another defensive work, just south of the Summertown road, which 
leads up to the mountain from Chattanooga. Here the advance rested. 
To the thousands of spectators in the valley the scene seemed, indeed, 
a battle in the skies. The "29th" remained in the darkness, when 
friend or foes could not be distinguished, until 9.30 P. M. then being 
relieved. At dawn, the following morning, Col. Rickards, with a number 
of his men, ascended ladders found in a cleft of the cliff, and upon 
gaining the summit, discovered that the enemy was gone. While there 
an officer of the 8th Kentucky (Union) Regiment and several men 
came up the Summertown road and waved a flag within sight of the 
city and camps below. A party from the iiith Pennsylvania Regiment 
also ascended the ladders, and the incident is shown in bronze upon 
their tablet, affixed to the rock at this point. The tablet of the "29th," 
near by, does not refer to the circumstance. 

Losing no time the brigade crossed the valley upon the Rossville 
Gap road and captured a brigade from Polk's left wing upon Missionary 
Ridge, and the next day, November 26th, fought his retreating rear 
guard at Rossville, then moving upon Ringgold, Georgia, where the 
enemy was encountered in force and a severe action was fought with 
his rear guard. This was glory enough for three days, and the regi- 
ment rested upon its honors once more at Wauhatchie. The "29th" 
was mustered out on December 8th and on the loth two hundred and 
ninety of the officers and men were mustered into the first "veteran" 
regiment formed for further service in the Union Army.* Gen. Geary's 
Division passed in review of the "29th" and the General complimented 
the regiment upon its patriotic action. 

This entitled the command to a visit home. The "29th" arrived 
in Philadelphia upon December 23d, 1864, where it was honored with 
a great military reception, with addresses of welcome at National Guards 
Hall and a dinner at the "Cooper Shop." Three months later, having 
recruited to a strength of twenty-one officers and five hundred and 
eighty-eight enlisted men, the regiment barracked at Chester, Pa., leaving 
for the front early in April. The regiment was now attached to the 

*Under a general order dated June 25th, 1863, able-bodied volunteers who 
had served more than nine months in the United States forces, and who could 
pass the mustering officer, were eligible to re-enlistment as veteran volunteers for 
three years' service. Such veterans were allowed a month's pay in advance, a 
furlough and a bounty and premium of $402.00, payable in instalments at specified 
intervals. It was provided that the full sum thus awarded was to be paid to 
any veteran honorably discharged at any time prior to the full term of his enlist- 
ment. Veteran volunteers were distinguished by service chevrons upon the sleeve. 
General Order No. 191, 



64 

Third Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth Corps. With Gen. Sherman's 
army the "29th" fought its way through to Atlanta. At Kennesaw Moun- 
tain Col. William Rickards was so badly wounded that he was retired 
from the service and Lieut.-Col. Samuel M. Zulick was commissioned 
in his place. Under this officer the regiment continued from Atlanta to 
Savannah and thence to Goldsboro and Raleigh, a march of nearly one 
thousand miles. After a rest of four months with comparatively un- 
eventful service the regiment was mustered out at Alexandria, Virginia, 
upon July 17th, 1865, after a service of four years and one month. The 
"29th" was engaged in the last great battle of the war, at Bentonville, 
N. C, on March 19th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 4 ; men, 55. 

Died from disease, accident and in prison " i ; " 66. 

Wounded, not mortally " 7 ; " 125. 

Captured or missing , . " 7 ; " 164. 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Harper's Ferry, Winchester, Campaign of the Shenandoah Valley, Woodstock, 
Edenburg, Stony Creek, Front Royal, Backton Station, Winchester, Bull Run 
(guarding trains), Antietam, Chambersburg, Maryland Heights, Fairfax, Mud 
March, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Pursuit of Lee, Movement with Hooker 
Detachment, Bridgeport, Ala., Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Ringgold, Mission 
Ridge, Ringgold Gap, Atlanta Campaign, including Dalton, Resaca, Cassville, 
New Hope Church, Dallas, Allatoona Pass, Marietta, Pine Hill, Lost Mountain, 
Golgotha Church, assault on Kennesaw Mountain, Ruff's Station, Chattahoochie 
River, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Expedition to Tuckum's Bridge, March to 
the Sea, Siege of Savannah, Campaign of the Carolinas, Bentonville, Bennett's 
House, Surrender of Johnston, Muddy Creek, Noses Creek. 



THE RESERVE CORPS OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF 
PENNSYLVANIA 




T 



HE rapid formation of regiments for the Na- 
tional service, through Pennsylvania, in the 
spring of i86i, having deprived the State of 
its uniformed militia force, the Legislature, 
upon the initiative of Governor Curtin, enacted a law, 
upon May 15th, providing for the formation of a body 
of troops to be sustained by the State for defence 
against internal disorder and invasion. It was also 
provided that this "Reserve Corps" should be subject, 
at all times, to call by the Government. Under this 
Act thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of 
cavalry and one regiment of artillery were soon as- 
sembled and in camps of instruction at Easton, West 
Chester, Harrisburg and Pittsburg. Philadelphia was 
represented in this corps by twenty companies of in- 
fantry and four companies of artillery, in which were 
enrolled about 3,000 men. 

The command of this Reserve Division was 
tendered by Governor Curtin to, and accepted by, 
Col. George A. McCall, a native of Philadelphia and 
a veteran officer of the United States army, who had 
retired from the service in 1853 and was residing upon 
his farm in Chester County, tie was given a State commission as Major- 
General, and proceeded to organize the several camps.* Two regiments 
from this force, the Fifth and Thirteenth Reserves, were accepted by the 
Government for guard duty upon the upper Potomac river and in West 
Virginia. After the battle of Bull Run, responding promptly to the urgent 
call of the President for troops to defend Washington, the entire Reserve 
Corps enlisted in the United States service for three years. It was not 
until the reserve regiments were encamped at Tenallytown, upon George- 
town Heights, that they were brigaded. Ma j. -Gen. George A. McCall 
having received his commission from the United States Government, 
selected as his brigade commanders Brig.-Generals John F. Reynolds, 
George Gordon Meade and E. O. C. Ord, all fellow cadets at West 
Point.f 

The record of the Pennsylvania Reserves in the following years 

*The command of the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps was tendered by Governor 
Curtin to Major-Gen. George B. McClellan before it was offered to Gen. McCall. 
("McClellan's Own Story.") 

tThe staff of Gen. McCall included Lieut.-Col. Henry J. Biddle, A. A. G,, 
Capt. Henry Sheetz and Capt. Henry Coppee, all of Philadelphia. 

5 65 



66 

forms one of the most brilliant chapters in the annals of the great Re- 
bellion. Upon June 27th, 1862, Gen. Reynolds was captured by the 
enemy, and three days later Maj.-Gen. McCall was made a prisoner at 
the battle of New Market. A return of ill health, resulting from hard- 
ships before exchange, compelled the latter to resign. Maj.-Gen. Truman 
Seymour then became the commander of the Reserve Corps pending 
the return and appointment to that position of Maj.-Gen. John F. Rey- 
nolds. Just before the battle of Antietam Gen. Reynolds was detailed 
to the command of the Pennsylvania militia. Maj.-Gen. George Gordon 
Meade then commanded the Reserves until called to lead the Fifth Corps. 
The last commander of this splendid corps was Maj.-Gen. Samuel Wylie 
Crawford, who led the remnant of the division in its heroic work at 
Gettysburg.* 

In the critical days just before the battle of Gettysburg^ when news- 
papers of other States were reproaching Pennsylvania because of her 
inability to defend her State borders from invasion without help from 
outside, the editor of the Philadelphia "Inquirer" wrote, July ist, 1863: 
*'At the first call to defend the National Capital Pennsylvania's valleys 
overflowed with volunteers, and the excess was embodied into a military 
organization armed, equipped and maintained out of her own treasury. 
Then she was capable of defence. But when McDowell's army was 
overthrown at Bull Run the National authorities called again for instant 
help, and Pennsylvania contributed her only State corps to the defence 
of the Nation, for the whole war, fifteen thousand nine hundred men, 
infantry, cavalry and artillery. That body is known to history by its 
brilliant fighting in almost every battle since Bull Run as 'The Penn- 
sylvania Reserves.' " 

At the close of their term of service, in the summer of 1864, the 
"Reserves" were accorded great honors at Harrisburg and Philadelphia. 

PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES ATTACHED TO THE PENNSYLVANIA 
RESERVE CORPS, THREE YEARS' SERVICE. 

Thirty-first Regiment, Second Reserves. Companies A, B, C, D, E, G, H and K. 
Thirty-second Regiment, Third Reserves. Companies E, G and K. 
Thirty-third Regiment, Fourth Reserves. Companies A, B, D, G and I. 
Thirty-sixth Regiment, Seventh Reserves. Companies E, G and K. 
Forty-first Regiment, Twelfth Reserves. Company A. 
Forty-third Regiment, First Artillery Reserves. Batteries C, D, G and H. 

These troops were part of the Third Division, First Corps, and 
the Third Division, Fifth Corps, Army of the Potomac.f 

*Major-Gen. S. Wylie Crawford, of Philadelphia, was a surgeon in the small 
garrison under Major Anderson at Fort Sumter in 1861. 

fThe traveler southward, after passing Fredericksburg may see upon the east- 
ward side of the railroad a stone pyramid. It was erected by Confederates upon 
the spot where they met the Pennsylvania Reserves. Just beyond is the house 
within which Stonewall Jackson died. 



THIRTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (SECOND RESERVES) 

Colonel William B. Mann to October 30th, 1861. 

Colonel William McCandless to June i6th, 1864. 

Total Enrollment, 850 Officers and Men.* 



* g ^ HIS regiment was recruited under the direction of William 
i B. Mann, Esq., and was taken by him to Camp Washington, 

_^|_ the Reserve camp at Easton, Pa., of which Col. Mann was 

appointed commander May 27th, 1861. The eight Phila- 
delphia companies were : Co. A, Penn Rifles ; Co. B, Governor's Rangers ; 
Co. C, Hibernia Target Co. ; Co. D, Governor's Rangers ; Co. E, Scotch 
Rifles; Co. G, Taggart Guards (partly from Lancaster Co.); Co. H, In- 
dependent Rangers; Co. K, Consolidation Guards 

Responding to the call of the War Department, the command was 
moved from Harrisburg to Baltimore in the latter part of July, and 
thence to Sandy Hook, Maryland, reporting to Gen. N. P. Banks with- 
out the formality of muster into the United States service. This led 
to complications which resulted in the defection of a large proportion of 
the rank and file. Many of the men returned to Philadelphia and en- 
tered other regiments. By order of Major-Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks 
the regiment was disturbed by the disbandment of several companies. 

This displaced a number of excellent officers, for some of whom 
other places were found. The regiment was active in the movements 
under Banks in the vicinity of the Potomac river, above Washington. 
Upon September 25th the Reserve Division was joined at Tenallytown, 
Md., and the "31st" was assigned to the First Brigade, commanded by 
Gen. John F. Reynolds. Entering Virginia with the Reserves, the bri- 
gade was near Ball's Bluff upon the morning of the unfortunate battle 
at that point, but was ordered back to camp by Gen. McClellan. Col. 
William B. Mann resigned upon November ist, and was succeeded by 
Lieut.-Col. William McCandless, who was not, however, commissioned 
as colonel until the following August (1862). Late in May, 1862, the 
Reserves were sent to Fredericksburg to operate in the direction of 
Richmond, but were recalled, and upon June 8th embarked upon a 
steamer, landed at White House, on the Pamunkey river, and marched 
to Dispatch Station, within ten miles from Richmond. At Mechanics- 
ville, six miles north of Richmond, upon June 26th, and at Gaines' Mill, 
the next day, the "31st" had its first battles, in which the command lost 
twenty-two killed, forty-two wounded and a number captured. The 
next move was through White Oak Swamp, where, in the close fighting 
at Charles City Cross Roads, the regiment lost heavily, and upon July 
I St was in reserve at Malvern Hill, nine miles east of Richmond. Al- 

*Philadelphia companies only. 

67 



68 

though victors, the army was withdrawn by McClellan and the Reserves 
found themselves at Harrison's Landing, on the James river. The 
struggle was now transferred to the Rappahannock river, where Pope 
faced Lee, and where, on August 29th, the second battle of Bull Run 
was fought. Col. McCandless was among the wounded. The battle 
of South Mountain was fought on the way to Antietam. At the latter 
field the "31st" was under fire upon both the i6th and 17th of September. 
Here, out of one hundred and seventy-one men in line, the regiment 
lost twenty-six killed, wounded and missing. At Fredericksburg, in 
December, the "31st," on the left of the line, killed, wounded and cap- 
tured the 19th Georgia Regiment. Of one hundred and ninety-five 
rank and file in the "31st" the loss was thirty-nine killed, wounded 
and missing. Being greatly reduced and war-worn, the regiment was or- 
dered to the vicinity of Washington, where it went into camp 
under Maj. George A. Woodward. Upon June 17th, 1863, the officers 
of the "31st" signed a petition to be allowed to go with the Army of 
the Potomac, then hastening to Pennsylvania. Accordingly, the First 
and Third Brigades were attached to the Fifth Corps and started north. 
The Reserves reached Gettysburg upon the 2d of July at 5 P. M., plung- 
ing immediately into the battle in support of the Third Corps, in front 
of Little Round Top, driving the enemy back in confusion. In the 
afternoon of the 3d, the regiment, with the 3d. nth and Bucktail Regi- 
ments, advanced and cleared the wheat field and woods, in front of Little 
Round Top, of the enemy, capturing many prisoners. The regimental 
loss here was forty killed and wounded. Early in September, 1863, 
Lieut.-Col. Woodward was succeeded in command (as Lieut.-Col.) by 
Maj. Richard Ellis. In the operations of the Army of the Potomac, 
early in 1864, the regiment was engaged in fights at Mine Run, Briscoe 
Station and New Hope Church. At Spotsylvania the regiment lost 
twenty killed, wounded and missing. Upon May 31st, 1864, six days 
after its term of service had expired, the "31st" fought its last battle 
upon the site of its first fight, three years before, near Mechanicsville, 
Va. In this last encounter the enemy was annihilated or captured. The 
regiment was soon afterward sent to Harrisburg and Philadelphia, where, 
with many honors, the remnant was mustered out June i6th, 1864. 

TOTAL LOSSES (Regimental). 

Killed or died from wounds ofificers, 4 ; men, 82 

Died of disease " 2 ; " 54 

Wounded, not mortally " 22 ; " 207 

Captured or missing " 5 ; " 48 

BATTLES OR ENGAGEMENTS. 

Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Groveton, Second Bull Run, 
South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahan- 
nock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, 
Bethesda Church. 



THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (THIRD RESERVES) 

Colonel Horatio G. Sickel to June 17th, 1864. 

Philadelphia Companies, E, G and K. 

Total Enrollment, 338 Officers and Men. 



AMONG the numerous companies of volunteers raised in Phila- 
delphia at the outbreak of the war, which were unable to 
find places in the three months' service, were the De Silver 
Grays, of Holmesburg; the Germantown Guards and the On- 
tario Infantry. The captain of the latter was Horatio G. Sickel. These 
companies became respectively E, G and K of the Third Reserve Regi- 
ment which Capt. Sickel commanded as colonel throughout the three 
years of its service. The "32d" was organized at Easton, Pa., in May, 
June and July, 1861, and under its colonel, an officer of twenty years' 
experience, rapidly gained in efficiency. The command was mustered 
at Harrisburg upon July 27th, and sent to the Reserve camp at Tenally- 
town, near Washington, where it joined the Second Brigade under 
Brig.-Genl. George Gordon Meade. Entering Virginia with the Reserve 
Division, the movements of the regiment were identical with those of 
the 31st or Second Reserve Regiment. In the course of the several battles 
occurring at Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, White Oak Creek and Charles 
City Cross Roads within six days, the "32d" lost about two hundred 
officers and men, killed, wounded or missing, but it inflicted a heavier 
loss upon the Confederates. At Malvern Hill, upon July ist, 1862, 
the regiment was in reserve and had no casualties. The Reserves were 
moved by water from Harrison's Landing to the Potomac in July, and 
pushed forward to assist Gen. Pope at Rappahannock Station. This 
led to the battle of the Second Bull Run, with a resulting heavy loss in 
the regiment. At South Mountain the "32d" was upon the edge rather 
than in the thick of the fight, but in the two days' conflict at Antietam 
lost, in killed and wounded, fifty-one officers and men. At Fredericks- 
burg, on December 13th, the regiment had its part with the Reserve 
Division on the left, losing, in killed, wounded and missing, one hundred 
and twenty-eight. This was the regiment's last fight in Virginia. The 
remnant of survivors were placed in camp near Washington, and at- 
tached to the newly formed Twenty-second Corps. The "32d" remained 
here nearly a year, then, with the Fourth Reserves, both under the com- 
mand of Col. Sickel, it was sent to meet further warfare in a new 
field. Under command of Maj. William Briner the "32d" was taken 
to Martinsburg, West Virginia, and in this section was subjected to an 
exhausting service far more trying than fighting open battles, as the 
mountains were infested with the guerilla cavalry of the enemy, and 

69 



70 

the railroads were in need of constant guarding. In March the Third 
and Fourth Reserves were sent to Harper's Ferry, but immediately re- 
turned to West Virginia, in the vicinity of Grafton, and upon April 
22d, 1864, moved by steamers down the Ohio river to the Great Kanawha 
river, camping at Brownstown, West Virginia. Here Col. Sickel re- 
turned to resume command of his old regiment, but was placed by Gen. 
George Crook in charge of the Reserves brigade. The "326" was then 
under command of Capt. Jacob Lenhart. The troops thus assembled 
formed an expedition intended to destroy the railroad line south of the 
Allegheny Mountains, over which Gen. Lee's army received the greater 
portion of its subsistence. This involved a forced march of three weeks 
in mud, storm and cold, through a wild and desolate country, but the 
task was accomplished. The chief features of this heroic raid were the 
battle of Cloyd Mountain, upon May 9th, and of IS[ew River, upon the 
loth. At Cloyd Mountain the two Reserve regiments lost nearly one 
hundred officers and men. Among those killed were Col. Richard H. 
Woolworth, of Philadelphia, formerly Major of the Third Reserves, 
but, at the time, in command of the Fourth Reserves. The wounded 
were subjected to great suffering in the course of the march, which ended 
at Meadow Bluff ten days after the battle. Upon May 226. the brigade 
was ordered home, its term of service having expired. The return 
occupied nine picturesque, happy days by steamer and rail via Pittsburgh, 
the brigade reaching Philadelphia upon June 8th, 1864, and there the 
troops were mustered out upon the 17th of June. The recruits and 
re-enlisted veterans of the brigade still remaining in the field were formed 
into a battalion, which subsequently became a part of the 54th Regiment 
Veteran Volunteer Infantry. This battalion included, out of the two 
Reserve regiments, one hundred and three Philadelphians, who shared 
the fortunes of the "54th" to the end of the war.* 

TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies). 

Killed or died from wounds men, 17. 

Died from disease ofificers, i ; " 7. 

Wounded, not mortally " 16. 

Captured or missing " 8. 

BATTLES. 

Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern 
Hill, Gainesville, Groveton, Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, 
Cloyd Mountain, New River Bridge, Newport. 

*These veterans experienced further service in the Shenandoah Valley under 
Sheridan and in the closing scenes of the siege of Petersburg. During the pursuit 
of Gen. Lee's troops after the fall of Richmond the "54th" was captured and 
held until the capitulation at Appomattox when, after considerable hardship, they 
regained their liberty. 



THIRTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (FOURTH RESERVES) 

CoivONEL Robert G. March to October ist, 1861. 
Colonel Albert L. Magilton to December 3d, 1862. 
Colonel R. H. Wool worth to May 9th, 1864. 
Colonel Thomas F. B. Tapper to June 17th, 1864. 

Philadelphia Companies A, B, D, I and G. 

Total Enrollment, 497 Officers and Men. 



F 



"MVE companies from Philadelphia, the Able Guards, Quaker City 
Guards, Dickson Guards, Reed Guards and Harmer Guards 
were sent in June, 1861, to the Reserve camp at Easton, Pa., 
and enrolled with companies from Montgomery, Lycoming, 
Monroe, Susquehanna and Chester Counties to form this regiment. Fif- 
teen of the field officers were from Philadelphia. The "33d" was mus- 
tered in at Harrisburg July 17th, and sent to Baltimore, encamping 
there at Carroll Hill on July 21st. Part of the command occupied the 
Stewart mansion in the city, assisting in the suppression of the disloyal 
element of the population. At the end of August the "33d" moved to the 
reserve camp at Tenallytown, Md., near Washington. Col. March re- 
signed in October, being replaced by Albert L. Magilton, late Lieut.-Col. 
of the Second Reserves. Under this experienced officer the regiment im- 
proved greatly in drill. 

The "33d" was, at this time, assigned to the Second Brigade, First 
Corps. The Brigade commander was Gen. George G. Meade. Eager for 
active service, the Reserves enterd Virginia upon October 9th. At the 
battle of Dranesville, Va., twenty-five miles northwest from Washington, 
upon December 20th, 1861, the "33d" was in the supporting line and 
not actively engaged, but in the movement under Gen. McClellan, in 
the costly "on to Richmond" campaign, between Mechanicsville and Mal- 
vern Hill the "33d" lost two hundred officers and men, chiefly during a 
desperate bayonet fight in defence of Randall's battery at Gaines' Mill. 
These inexperienced troops drove back the on-rush of seasoned Ala- 
bamians and saved the guns. Under Pope,, the "33d" fought at the 
second Bull Run and at South Mountain, Md., on the way to Antietam. 
In the two battles of the Antietam campaign the regiment lost seventy- 
five officers and men, killed and wounded. Three months later, at 
Fredericksburg, Va., upon December 13th, the Reserve Division, led 
by Gen. Meade, charged the Confederate right wing with success. Here 
the "33d" lost thirty-eight killed and wounded. A few days later 
Col. Magilton resigned and Lieut.-Col. Richard H. Woolworth assumed 
command. This officer was commissioned as Colonel in the following 
March. The Reserve Division was placed upon routine duty in the de- 

71 



72 

fences of Washington, remaining here nearly a year. Upon January 
6th, 1864, the "33d" was sent to join the force in West Virginia, then 
concentrating under Major-Gen. George Crook, in the Kanawha Valley. 
The services of the regiment, in the exhausting but successful expedition 
southeastward across the Allegheny Mountains, were identical with those 
of the Third Reserves. At Cloyd Mountain, Va., Col. Woolworth, 
leading the brigade, and Capt. Prosper M. Davis were killed. At New 
River Bridge, Va., May loth, 1864, the "33d" had its final meeting with 
the enemy. After a few days of rest the regiment, with such of its 
wounded as could be transported, was sent via the Ohio river and Pitts- 
burg to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out upon June 17th, 1864. 

Just prior to the dissolution of the regiment a portion of the men 
re-enlisted in a battalion, which was subsequently merged with the 54th 
Regiment Infantry. This additional service included fifty-seven men 
from the Philadelphia companies of the Fourth Reserves. 

TOTAL LaSSES (Regimental). 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 2 ; men, 76 

Died from disease " 1 ; " 60 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS 

Dranesville, Mechanicsville. Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Charles City Cross 
Roads, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, 
Fredericksburg, Cloyd Mountain, New River. 



THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (SEVENTH RESERVES) 

Colonel Elisha B. Harvey to July 4th, 1862. 
Colonel H. C. Bolinger to August 19th, 1864. 
Philadelphia Companies, E, G, and K. 
Total Enrollment, 284 Officers and Men. 



PHILADELPHIA was represented in this regiment by the Ridg- 
way Guards, Co. E., Capt. Charles S. Peall, Second Philadelphia 
Guards; Co. G, Capt. John C. Chapman, and Douglass Guards, 
Co. K, Capt. Casper Martino. The balance of the regiment was 
recruited from the interior counties in the Eastern sections of the State. 
At Camp Wayne, near West Chester, Pa., the regiment was drilled 
and uniformed. Upon July 21st, 1861, under Col. Elisha B. Harvey, the 
"36th" left via Baltimore for Washington, where it was mustered into 
the United States service upon July 27th. A week later the regiment 




TABLET PRESENTED BY PENNSYLVANIA RESERVE POST 191, G. A. R., 
TO GENERAL GEO. A. McCALL SCHOOL, at Seventh and Delancey Streets. 



73 

marched to Tenallytown, there joining the Reserve Division, being as- 
signed to the Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General George 
G. Meade. Late in August the regiment was sent to Gen. Banks 
for guard duty at Great Falls, on the Potomac river. The autumn and 
winter were spent in camp upon Virginia soil, near Washington, With 
the opening of the active season in April, 1862, the "36th" was stationed 
at Fairfax, Va. With part of the First Corps, the regiment shared in 
the advance of the Reserves upon Richmond, which resulted in the 
battles of Mechanicsville and Gaines' Mill. At the latter affair the "36th" 
fought like veterans to save Butterfield's battery and lost, in killed and 
wounded and captured, half of its force. Assisting in guarding Gen. 
Hunt's artillery column in the retreat, and in desultory fighting through 
Savage Station, White Oak Swamp and Charles City Cross Roads, the 
Reserves reached Malvern Hill, and after that victory moved on to 
Harrison's Landing. In that week of battles the "36th" had lost three 
hundred and one men. In August the Reserves were on the firing line 
along the Rappahannock river with the Army of Northern Virginia. 
At the close of Pope's campaign, after further heavy losses, the regi- 
ment went back to its old camp of the year before, but was at once 
ordered northward. On September 14th, 1862, the command helped 
to drive the enemy out of the passes of South Mountain and hurried 
on to Antietam. Upon this field the "36th" again suffered heavily 
and added greatly to its laurels. At Fredericksburg the regiment made, 
with other First Corps troops, the glorious but fruitless charge upon 
the Confederate right, capturing many prisoners and a battle flag. The 
worn remnant of the "36th" was relieved, together with the Reserve 
Corps generally, from further hard fighting until April i8th, 1864. It 
then marched away* from its camp at Alexandria; to have a share in 
the campaign which began with the battle of the Wilderness. This 
proved the Waterloo of the "Seventh Reserves." While driving the 
retreating enemy the regiment was ambuscaded, with the exception of 
Co. B, and two hundred and seventy-two officers and men were cap- 
tured. 

The few officers and men who were not captured at the Wilderness 
continued to rally around their colors and to fight. They numbered, 
together with recruits, one hundred and ten officers and men. This 
battle-scarred contingent was mustered out, at Philadelphia, upon June 
1 6th, 1864. 

TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies). 

Killed or died from wounds, or from disease officers, i; men, 32 

Died in prison at Andersonville " 21 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Charles City 
Cross Roads, South Mountain, Antietam, Wilderness, 



FORTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (TWELFTH RESERVES) 

Colonel John H. Taggart, 

Philadelphia Company A, 124 Officers and Men, 

Re-enlisted (in 190th Regt.) 34 Men * 



ALTHOUGH formed and commanded by a Philadelphian, this 
regiment contained but one local company. This became Co. 
A, of which the Captains were Henry B. Whisner and Franklin 
Daniels. The "41st" served throughout its term of enlistment 
with the Army of the Potomac, taking part in the several campaigns 
and many battles in which the Pennsylvania Reserve Division so dis- 
tinguished itself. At the end of its enlistment thirty-four members of 
Company A re-enlisted as veterans.* Many others were discharged for 
disability and, at muster out, upon June nth, 1864, at Harrisburg, the 
company had present but seventeen officers and men. 

LOSSES (Company A). 

Killed or died from wounds men, 10. 

Died from disease " 3- 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS 

Dranesville, Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Groveton, 
Bull Run (second), South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe 
Station, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, 
Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church. 

THE RESERVE BATTERIES. 

Twenty-one Philadelphians held commissions in the Pennsylvania 
Reserve regiments not herein recorded. One of the most distinguished 
was the second Colonel of the 13th Reserves (Bucktails).t 

The records of the four Philadelphia batteries originally recruited 
as a part of the ist Artillery Reserves (43d Regiment) will be found in 
the artillery group of the three years' commands, inasmuch as the batteries 
never served with the Reserve Corps, but were assigned, as occasion 
required, to co-operate with numerous other bodies of troops. 

*These veterans participated, as part of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Fifth 
Corps, in the battles of Charles City Court House, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad and 
Hatcher's Run, Five Forks and Appomattox. 

fGen. Thomas Leiper Kane was born in Philadelphia, January 27th, 1822. He 
founded the town of Kane, Pa., and in 1861 recruited the ist Bucktail Regiment 
(42d Pennsylvania Volunteers). He was promoted to brigadier-general June 7th, 
1862, and to brevet major-general March 13th, 1865. At Gettysburg, although 
on sick leave, he led his brigade. Gen. Kane was wounded in two battles and was 
captured at Harrisonburg. He died December 26th, 1883. 

74 



FIFTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Sullivan A. Meredith to November 29th, 1862. 
Colonel J. William Hofmann to March 7th, 1865. 
Colonel Henry A. Laycock to July ist, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, About 1,600 Officers and Men. 



^ H ^HIS regiment was formed from companies raised chiefly in the 
I northern counties of the State. Two of its three colonels were 
J citizens of Philadelphia, as were also twelve of its field and 
company officers and many of its rank and file. The "56th" was 
mustered in at Camp Curtin, upon September ist, 1861, and remained at 
Harrisburg until March 8th, 1862. Its early active service was in the 
vicinity of Washington and along the lower Potomac River. Upon 
August 9th, 1862, near Fredericksburg, the command was assigned to 
Doubleday's Brigade, King's Division, McDowell's First Corps. At 
Rappahannock Station the "56th" had its first encounter with the enemy. 
Col. Meredith being among those wounded. A second engagement fell 
to the "56th" in the same vicinity the following day. At South Moun- 
tain Lieut.-Col. Hofmann commanded the brigade, the regiment being 
in command of Capt. Fred. Wihiams. In the difficult but successful 
charge up the mountain many of the men were killed or wounded. At 
Antietam the regiment lost comparatively few. Two weeks later, on the 
way south, the enemy was routed out of the way at Union, Va. In this 
afifair the regiment lost fifteen. Lieut.-Col. Hofmann resumed com- 
mand upon November nth. In the Fredericksburg advance of Decem- 
ber the regiment escaped casualties, although under artillery fire. A 
period of inactivity followed the never-to-be-forgotten "mud march," 
ending with the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign planned by 
Gen. Hooker. This long interval in its comfortable camp of log huts 
at the mouth of the Potomac Creek was always regarded by the men of 
the "56th" as the most enjoyable of their experiences, with just enough 
of drilling to keep the men in good shape. 

Lieut.-Col. Hofmann was promoted to the colonelcy, and the "56th" 
took the field in 1863 with twenty-one officers and two hundred and 
eighty-nine enlisted men. At Pollock's Mills, Chancellorsville and 
Brandy Station the regiment repeatedly proved its effectiveness under 
fire. The march to Pennsylvania began upon June 25th. The "56th" 
was only second to the "76th" New York in the column of the First 
Corps, but was first in position upon the morning of July ist, 1863, 



75 



76 

and secured the honor of opening the battle of Gettysburg.* With- 
the heroic First Corps the regiment made the splendid first day's fight, 
sharing the glory and vicissitudes of that fateful day with the Eleventh 
Corps, holding the swarming lines of the enemy in check until reinforced. 
The morning of the 2d found the "56th" with Wadsworth's depleted 
division, holding the crest of Culp's Hill, repelling the desperate as- 
saults of the Confederate left wing, including that made, late in the 
day, near the cemetery. The regiment was called upon, late in 
the afternoon of the 3d, to support the artillery at the cemetery, but 
the battle had ended. The losses of the "56th" were one officer and 
sixteen men killed or mortally wounded; five officers and fifty-three men 
wounded; one officer and fifty-four men captured or missing, out of 
seventeen officers and two hundred and thirty-five men in action. Nearly 
all of the casualties occurred upon July ist. In the course of the fol- 
lowing month Col. Hofmann brought from Philadelphia a considerable 
accession of recruits. Without further important fighting the "56th" 
entered upon camp routine through the following winter. In March 
the veterans re-enlisted with the usual joyful holiday period at home. 
The command returned to camp upon April 20th, 1864. Two weeks 
later began the series of fierce conflicts in the Wilderness, a deadly 
month of constant sorties, assaults and marches, with almost daily losses 
of comrades by bullet, shell or capture. Upon June i6th the army crossed 
the James River and coiled about Petersburg. In September the old 
First Corps was consolidated into a division and assigned to the Fifth 
Corps. Col. Hofmann, having been breveted brigadier-general, Lieut.- 
Col. George B. Osborn was promoted as colonel, but soon afterward re- 
tired from the service. The next commander of the "56th" was Lieut.- 
Col. John T. Jack. Its last commander was Lieut.-Col. Henry A. Lay- 
ccck, under whom the regiment shared the trials and triumphs of the 
closing months of a struggle so needlessly prolonged. 

The muster out took place July loth, 1865, at Philadelphia. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed officers, 5 ; men, 73 

Wounded " 26 ; " 329 

Captured or missing " 2 ; " 178 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Gainesville, Groveton, Second Bull 
Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Union, Upperville, Fredericksburg, Pollock's Mills, 
Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness. Spotsylvania, 
North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon 
Road, Poplar Spring Church, Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Road, White 
Oak Road, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House. 

*An exception must be made in favor of Buford's Cavalry regiments, which 
were engaged in skirmishing with the Confederate advance before the arrival of 
any of the First Corps. 



FIFTY^EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel J. Richter Jones to May 23d, 1863. 
Colonel Carlton B. Curtis to July 2d, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Cecil Clay to January 24th, 1866. 

(Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D and K.) 
Total Enrollment, 850 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was formed on February 13th, 1862, by the 
union of two partially organized regiments, one of which was 
being raised in Philadelphia and the other at Camp Curtin, Har- 
risburg. The Philadelphia companies, which had been encamped 
at Roxboro, proceeded by steamer to Fortress Monroe, the left wing 
joining them, by rail and steamer, at that point. The command arrived 
at Camp Hamilton, on Hampton Roadstead, on the day of the naval 
battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac. 

The "58th" formed part of the column, under Gen. Wool, which 
occupied Norfolk and Portsmouth. Through the balance of the year the 
regiment was employed in guard duty, reconnoissances and work upon 
the forts in that section. On January 5th, 1863, the regiment embarked 
with the expedition under Major-Gen. J. G. Foster (i8th Army Corps) 
to New Berne, N, C. The troops entrenched eight miles westward, be- 
tween the Neuse and Trent Rivers. From this base frequent advances 
were made, with attendant skirmishing. In one of these, undertaken on 
May 22d, at Batchelor's Creek Station, Col. Jones was killed.* Under 
command of Col. Curtis the "58th" was ordered to Washington, N. C, 
and, with other troops, held the post, in the face of frequent attacks, 
until withdrawn, late in April, 1864. The "58th" was now assigned to 
the Eighteenth Corps, which operated south of the James River with the 
army of Major-Gen. Benjamin F. Butler. In May the Eighteenth Corps, 
under Gen. W. F. Smith, joined the Army of the Potomac. A portion of 
the regiment, including Companies B, D and K, of Philadelphia, took 
part in a gallant charge at Cold Harbor on June ist. During the severe 
battle at this place, on the 3d, the "58th" drove the enemy from his 
rifle pits, holding the position, under deadly fire until re-enforced. The 
Eighteenth Corps was now returned, by transports, to Bermuda Hundred, 
on the James River, and the investment of Petersburg began. The 
veterans of the regiment who had re-enlisted were sent upon furlough to 
Philadelphia on June 24th, They returned to camp with numerous recruits 
on August 25th. The arms of the regiment were, at this time, exchanged 

*Writing from Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, on January 13th, 1862, Col. Jones 
urged an official friend at Washington to induce the Secretary of War to send the 
58th Regiment on this expedition, as the command wanted active service. 

n 



78 

for new Springfield rifles. On the night of September 28th portions of 
the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps, under Major-Gen. E. O. C. Ord, crossed 
to the north side of the James River and, in the morning, advanced to- 
ward Richmond. The "58th," under Major Charles A. Winn, and the 
1 88th Pennsylvania Regiment, Major F. H. Reichard, were formed for 
the assault upon Fort Harrison, one of the most formidable of the de- 
fensive works around the Confederate capital. The charge across open, 
rising ground and the capture of the works is recorded as one of the 
most brilliant episodes of the war. Six of the nine officers of the "58th" 
and one hundred and twenty-eight, out of the two hundred and twenty- 
eight men in line, were killed or wounded. The loss of the "i88th" was 
also very heavy. After the arrival of additional troops the survivors of 
the two regiments were sent into another fight, at the left, close to the 
James River, where the field was in range of the enemy's gunboats. 
This movement, which failed, again cost the assailants large loss. Re- 
peated assaults upon Fort Harrison were made by the Confederates the 
next day, but the citadel was held. The "58th" participated in further 
affairs, in the autumn, eastward of Richmond. On November 19th Capt. 
Cecil Clay, of Company K, promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, 
was placed in command. The regiment was active in the final campaign 
which resulted in the fall of Petersburg and Richmond. The regiment 
was retained in service, under the direction of the Freedman's Bureau, 
for provost duty in tidewater Virginia.* It was finally mustered out at 
City Point on January 24th, 1866, the last of the fighting infantry regi- 
ments of the Keystone State to stack arms, fold its colors and return 
to civilian life. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 68 

Died from disease " 6 ; " 139 

BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS. 

Occupation of Norfolk, Suffolk, New Berne, Cove Creek, Sandy Ridge, Kinston, 
Wise's Cross Roads, Dover Road, Kinston (April 28th, 1863), Gum Swamp, 
Batchelor's Creek. On duty at Washington. Advance on Neuse River road, 
Blounts' Creek, Butler's Campaign, James River, Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, 
Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor. Siege of Petersburg and Richmond, including 
Hare's Hill, Chapin's Farm, New Market Heights, Fair Oaks. Expedition to 
Fredericksburg (March, 1865). Signal Hill, near Richmond. Occupation of Rich- 
mond. 

*Service of this character was peculiarly distasteful to the Union regiments, 
being devoid of the excitements and ardor of campaigning. The men were scat- 
tered in detachments over large sections, the inhabitants of which naturally re- 
garded them as oppressors and enemies, this requiring great self-control upon 
the part of the rank and file. The "s8th" is credited, however, in having made 
many friends while on provost duty, and they certainly enforced order where it 
was sorely needed. 



SIXTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Oliver H. Rippey to May 31st, 1862.* 
Colonel George C. Spear to May 3d, 1863. 
Colonel George F. Smith to September 7th, 1864. 
Colonel Robert L. Orr to June 28th, 1865. 
Philadelphia Companies G, H and I. 
Total Enrollment, 500 Officers and Men. 



^ 1 ^ HIS regiment was formed at Pittsburgh, being hastened to 
1 Washington, when not fully recruited, on March ist, 1862. 
fl Companies M, O, P and R of the 23d (Pennsylvania) Regi- 
ment, enlisted between August 12th and September 4th, 1861, 
were transferred to the 6ist, thus filling the command to maximum 
strength.f The regiment was assigned to the First Brigade, First 
Division, Fourth Corps, then commanded by Major-Gen. Erasmus D. 
Keyes, The "6ist" participated in the Peninsular movement upon York- 
town, Williamsburg and Richmond. In its first important encounter 
with the enemy, at Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862, the regiment suffered 
almost unprecedented losses. Eleven officers and two hundred and 
ninety-nine enlisted men were killed or wounded or were missing. 
Col. Rippey* was among the dead, Lieut.-Col. Spear (wounded) and 
Major Smith were among the captured. The command now devolved 
on Capt. Robert L. Orr, of Company H, who posted the regiment on 
the new line, occupying the field of the battle. Almost daily here and 
near Seven Pines the regiment skirmished to the 28th, then moving in 
the "change of base" to Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing. The 
Four.th Corps was withdrawn from the James River late in August, 
moving to Centreville, Washington and the Maryland shore of the 
Potomac River. The "6ist" reached Antietam upon the evening of Sep- 
tember 17th, assisting in the running fights with the retreating Con- 
federates. Lieut.-Col. Spear had been exchanged, and, upon return, was 
promoted to command. In October the division was transferred to the 
Sixth Corps, with which the regiment was engaged at the first (Burnside) 

*Col. Rippey, a veteran of the Mexican War, had served in the three-months' 
campaign as Lieut.-Col. of the 7th Regiment. George C. Spear was promoted 
as Lieut.-Col. from the rank of junior major of the 23d. The Continental Guard, 
which had been raised by Capt. Spear prior to his promotion, was the first company 
which left Philadelphia for the South. George F. Smith, commissioned major, 
was promoted from the rank of captain in the 49th Regiment. 

tThe companies thus transferred became G, H and I in the "6ist." They 
were commanded as follows : Company G, Capts. John W. Crosby, William M. 
Dawson, Vincent P. Donnelly, John Barrett and Charles H. Bewley; Company H, 
Capt. Robert L. Orr ; Company I, Capts. George W. Mindil and Charles S. Greene. 

79 



80 

assault at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862. In February, 1863, the 
"6ist" was placed in a light brigade of the Sixth Corps. 

At the second battle of Fredericksburg, on May 3d, 1863, the "6ist" 
was selected as the "forlorn hope" to open the fight for the possession of 
the hills. The regiment made the desperate charge, gaining Marye's 
Heights and captured two guns from the Washington Artillery of New 
Orleans, the first ever lost by that famous battery. The command now 
devolved, in .the absence of other field officers, upon Major George W. 
Dawson. Following this charge the "61 st" was immediately sent to 
again meet the enemy at Salem Heights, with further severe punish- 
ment. Under the third Colonel (Smith) the "6ist" made, with the 
Sixth Corps, the famous forced march to Gettysburg. The light brigade 
to which the "61 st" was attached (Neill's) was sent to reinforce the 
Twelfth Corps at the extreme right of the line. The regiment was not, 
therefore, seriously engaged. The regiment wintered at Brandy Station. 
In the spring (1864) the command was recruited to five hundred men. 
From the opening of the Wilderness Campaign, upon May 5th, to its 
close, less than six weeks later, the regimental loss was (according to 
Bates' History) in killed, wounded and missing, about thirty officers and 
four hundred men. In early July the Sixth Corps was suddenly hurried 
from the front of Petersburg to Washington, once more imperiled by 
the restless enemy. In the resulting clash at Fort Stevens and the pur- 
suit, further loss of officers and men reduced the thin line of survivors. 
The term of service expired on September 3d, 1864. Under Col. Smith 
the regiment returned to Pittsburgh. The veterans and recruits were 
formed into five companies as the "Sixty-first Battalion." Subsequently, 
Col. Smith returned to the command. Of the original Philadelphia en- 
listed men, seventeen re-enlisted. In its last fight Lieut.-Col. John W. 
Crosby, formerly captain of Company G, lost his life. 

The records of the Adjutant-General, War Department (as shown by 
a report of April 4th, 1888) indicate a total regimental loss, from all 
causes, of nine hundred and thirty-two officers and men. The "61 st" 
lost more officers, killed, than any other regiment in the Union Army.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed officers, 2 ; men, 2^7 

Wounded " 2 ; " 36 

Died of disease " 12 

Captured " 5 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

_ Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem 
Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg, Sailor's 
Creek, Appomattox C. H. (surrender). 

*"Regimental Losses," Fox. 




UNION VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL. 

Adjoining the old Navy Yard. 




COOPER SHOP SOLDIERS' HOME, Race and C ruwn Sirctta 




STATE ARSENAL, S. E. COR. OF SIXTEENTH AND FILBERT STREETS. 






^ W * fe i^ b^ Li. 5 Ir W 



'Mi r 






'-m.' 




i f 1«( I kr _^ Ir 



BROAD STREET U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL. 
On the site of present Parkway Building, Broad and Cherry Streets. 



SIXTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Alfred W. Chantry to January i8th, 1862. 
Colonel John Patrick to February 6th, 1862. 



THIS organization, which was recruited in May and June, 1861, 
was declined by the State authorities upon the ground that 
the city's quota had been filled. Its officers received au- 
thority from the Secretary of War to proceed with their work, 
and upon June 13th were notified that if the regiment was fully rie- 
cruited and uniformed within ten days it would be mustered in. In 
order that the command might comply with this condition a patriotic 
citizen, Benjamin L. Berry, guaranteed the cost of the uniforms. The 
repeated delays and discouragements, however, resulted in the with- 
drawal of many of the men. The recruits were barracked at the Girard 
House, and later, at the building adjoining the Custom House. In 
August the command was mustered in at its camp in Camac's Woods. 
The urgent need of more troops in the vicinity of Washington 
prompted the Government to call for many organizations still in the 
course of formation. When, on August 24th, Col. Chantry's com- 
mand left for the front it consisted of a battalion of five companies. 
At Washington these companies were assigned to the first of three 
brigades constituting a provisional division under the command of 
Gen. Fitz John Porter. Additional recruits were sent on from Phila- 
delphia, and the adjutant's report of October loth showed a total strength 
of six hundred and twenty officers and men.* The regiment was known, 
up to this period, as the "30th." 

In September it was sent to the command of Gen. Banks, at which 
time it was finally recognized as a part of the Pennsylvania contingent 
and numbered as the "66th." Upon January i8th, 1862, Col. Chantry 
was relieved and Lieut.-Col. Patrick was commissioned to succeed him. 
Three weeks later this officer and a number of the company officers re- 
signed. Upon March ist, by order of Governor Curtin, the regiment 
was disbanded. Companies A and G were assigned to the 99th Regi- 
ment. Companies B, C and D were transferred to the 73d Regiment, 
Companies E, F and K were distributed among the companies of the 
"73d." The subsequent records of the companies and men thus dis- 
posed of prove that the "66th" was composed of good fighting material 
wMch had been badly handled, through no fault of its men in the 
process of becoming soldiers of the Union. 

*Bates' History, Vol. 2. 



S1XTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel John F. Staunton to September 4th, 1864. 
Colonel John C. Carpenter to July 14th, 1865. 

Philadelphia Companies, B, E and I. 
Total Enrollment, 360 Officers and Men. 




\HE "67th" was one of the semi-Philadelphia regiments, the 
greater part of its recruits coming from nine of the northern 
and western counties. Authority for its formation was issued 
upon July 24th, 1861, by the Secretary of War. Col. Staun- 
ton, three of his field officers and twelve company officers were Phila- 
delphians. The regiment was soon located in camp at Camac's Woods, 
where it remained until April 3d, 1862, when it was ordered to guard 
duty at AnnapoHs, Md., and at Camp Parole, near that point. 

In February, 1863, the "67th" was moved to Harper's Ferry, and 
later was stationed, under Gen. Robert H. Milroy, at Berryville, Va., to 
patrol the lower Shenandoah Valley and its gaps. Upon June 15th, 1863, 
the regiment was cut off from the main column by a large Confederate 
force, near Winchester, and was captured, with the exception of about 
seventy-five men. The officers were detained in prison a year, but the 
enlisted men were exchanged in, October. 

While in camp at Brandy Station a large proportion of the men 
re-enlisted. Three hundred and fifty rank and file, with their officers, 
were sent home on furlough. Upon return to duty the veterans were 
stationed at Port Royal and White House, Va. 

In June the recruits, who had been with the 135th Regiment (Penn- 
sylvania), rejoined the "67th" in front of Petersburg, taking part in 
an affair at Reams' Station. The third Confederate advance into Mary- 
land caused the transfer of the Third Division of the Sixth Corps by 
transports to Baltimore, and by rail, to checkmate Early. This move- 
ment ended, the Sixth Corps became a part of Sheridan's force, meeting 
the enemy again at Winchester on September 19th, 1864 (Opequon), 
and subsequently driving Early out of the defences at Fisher's Hill (Sep- 
tember 22d, 1864), and far to the southward. 

Near Strasburg, Va., a month later, the "67th" was identified with 
the battle of Cedar Creek, which was made famous by the stirring 
war poem (T. Buchanan Reid), "Sheridan's Ride." 

At the end of the year the Sixth Corps was returned to the army 
in front of Petersburg, the "67th" participating in the siege and for- 
ward movement which ended at Appomattox, after which it marched 
with the column sent on to Danville, a precautionary measure, which 
was ended by Johnston's surrender upon April 26th. The last com- 

?.2 



83 

mander of the regimental remnant was Captain John C. Carpenter, of 
Company E. One Philadelphia officer, Capt. William E. Tucker, died 
from wounds while in the field. 

TOTAL LOSSES. (Philadelphia Companies.) 
From wounds and disease officers, i ; men, 55 

BATTLES. 
Winchester, pursuit of Lee's army after Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Rappa- 
hannock, Bristoe Campaign, Kelly's Ford, Brandy Station, Mine Run, Payne's 
Farm, Rapidan, White House, Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, assault on 
the Salient, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Reams' Station, 
Monocacy, Charlestown, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, siege of 
Petersburg, Appomattox Campaign. 



SIXTY=EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

CoivONEL Andrew H. Tippen. 

Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, F, G and K. 

Total Enrollment, 1,049 Officers and Men. 




'HEN Col. Tippen undertook the organization of this regi- 
ment it attracted many of the officers and enlisted men of 
the 20th Regiment, of the three months' service, in which Col. 
Tippen had ranked as major. This experienced officer had 
seen service in Mexico as a lieutenant in the regular infantry. Lieut.-Col. 
Anthony H. Reynolds, Major Thomas Hawks worth, Major Robert E. 
Winslow and Capt. Michael Fulmer were also veterans of the Mexican 
campaign. The "68th" was, with good reason, known as the "Scott Legion 
Regiment." The regimental camp was located in Frankford, Philadel- 
phia. Company H was raised at Pottstown and Company I in Chester 
County. 

The urgent need of more troops resulted in the muster of the 
regiment upon September 2d, 1862, and its immediate departure for 
Washington, where it was encamped upon Arlington Heights. Early in 
October the "68th" was sent to guard Conrad's Ferry, on the upper 
Potomac River. Soon afterward a detachment of about forty men, guard- 
ing the regimental baggage, was captured. Under the Burnside regime 
the "68th" was assigned to Robinson's Brigade, Birney's Division, Third 
Corps. At Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862, the regiment exper- 
ienced its first battle in support of artillery. Major Hawksworth was 
mortally wounded and Lieut. Joseph E. Davis was killed. About forty 
of the enlisted men were killed or wounded. At Chancellorsville the 
regiment met with severe fighting and additional losses, capturing a 
stand of colors and a number of prisoners. In this battle Captains 



84 

James Shields and John D. Paulding were mortally wounded. Sickles' 
Third Corps reached Gettysburg from Emmittsburg upon the evening 
of July 1st, the "68th" taking position just east of the Peach Orchard. 
Here, upon the 2d, it was exposed to continuous artillery fire, and, at 
sunset, was involved in the terrific fighting on Sickles' front, resulting 
in a retreat of the survivors to the new line near Little Round Top. 
Here the regiment was held in reserve upon the 3d, with some additional 
losses. The regimental casualties in this battle were four officers killed 
or mortally wounded, thirty-four men killed or mortally wounded, nine 
officers and one hundred and seventeen men wounded, thirteen men cap- 
tured. The officers who lost their lives were Capt. George W. McLearn 
and Lieutenants Andrew Black, John Reynolds and Lewis W. Ealer. 
Upon the return to Virginia the "68th" was engaged at Wapping Heights 
and, on October 14th, at Auburn. Col. Tippen was taken prisoner at 
the latter affair and was absent, at Libby Prison, nine months, during 
which time Lieut.-Col, Robert E. Winslow commanded. Hard fighting 
and heavy marching signalized the closing weeks of 1863. Capt. Milton 
S. Young was killed at Locust Grove on November 27th. With the 
opening of the campaign of 1864 the "68th" went with that portion of 
the Third Corps which was consolidated with the Second Corps, then 
commanded by Gen. Hancock. In April the "68th" was selected as 
provost guard at the headquarters of Gen. Meade, under the immediate 
command of the Provost General of the Army, an honor which did not, 
however, absolve it from reserve duty upon the battle line. Col. Tippen 
was exchanged and resumed command upon June 26th. Headquarters 
duty occupied the regiment during the balance of its stay in Virginia, a 
detachment being stationed at City Point. In the last charge upon the 
enemy's lines at Petersburg the "68th" was with the storming party, 
losing Major John C. Gallagher, mortally wounded, and a number of 
officers and men. At Sailor's Creek, upon April 6th, 1865, the Confed- 
erate General Ewell and his force were captured. The "68th" was 
detailed to guard the officers, about six hundred in all, to City Point. 
While en route the prisoners were informed, much to their dismay, that 
Gen. Lee had surrendered. The regiment returned to the headquarters 
in charge of six thousand recruits, being then sent, in company with 
the 143d Pennsylvania Regiment, to Hart's Island prison camp, near 
New York, for guard duty. Here the regiment remained until mus- 
tered out June 9th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 10 ; men, 58 

Died of disease or other causes " 51 

Wounded, not mortally " 15 ; " 190 

Captured or missing " 3 ; " 100 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's 
Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Guinea's Station, Petersburg. 



THE "CALIFORNIA" REGIMENTS, LATER KNOWN AS THE 
PHILADELPHIA BRIGADE 



SELDOM, among the records of American soldiery^ have the un- 
certainties of official procedure been more strikingly illustrated 
than in the case of the four so-called "California" regiments of 
1861, which were destined to win fame and glory as the "Phila- 
delphia Brigade."* 

Early in May, 1861, a number of citizens of the Pacific coast, who 
were in Washington, decided that California ought to be represented in 
the Army of the Union upon the Atlantic slope, and to that end urged 
Edward D. Baker, then United States Senator from Oregon, to form 
a regiment in the East to the credit of that distant State. Senator 
Baker decided to undertake the task provided that he be allowed to 
enlist men for three years. At the instance of the President, the Secre- 
tary of War addressed Senator Baker as follows : "You are authorized 
to raise for the service of the United States a regiment of troops (in- 
fantry), with yourself as colonel, to be taken as a portion of any troops 
that may be called from the State of California by the United States, 
and to be known as the 'California Regiment.' Orders will be issued to 
the mustering officer in New York to muster the same into service as 
presented."! 

Senator Edward D. Baker was, at this time, a striking figure among 
the great men of the nation. He was fifty years old, and of commanding 
appearance and great eloquence. Born in London, England, he had 
emigrated in 181 5, with his father's family, to Philadelphia, where his 
father taught school, and the future United States Senator found, when 
old enough, work as a weaver in a mill near Eleventh and Christian 
streets. When he was nineteen years old the Baker family moved to 
Illinois, where his career ran parallel with that of his friend and some- 
time opponent, Abraham Lincoln. Thus, in time. Baker became a 
Congressman, forsaking this honor to lead a regiment in the war with 
Mexico. Upon his return he was again sent to Congress from Illinois, 
after which he became associated with Isaac J. Wistar, of Philadelphia, 
in a law firm at San Francisco. It was largely due to his influence 
that California was held against secession intrigue. In December, i860, 
Col. Baker found himself once more in Washington, as the first Senator 

*0n April 21st, 1861, a meeting of citizens of California was held at the Me- 
tropolitan Hotel in New York City, Senator Edward D. Baker being one of the 
vice-presidents. Resolutions were adopted "to raise a regiment composed of men 
from the Pacific coast and others who might choose to join." 

fThe Union force of actual Californians comprised eight regiments of infantry, 
two regiments and one battalion of cavalry and a battalion of mountaineers, all 
of which were engaged throughout the war in maintaining order in the Depart- 
ment of the Pacific. 

85 



86 

from the new State of Oregon. When, a few months later, the oppor- 
tunity came to him to again assume the sword, he looked to New 
York city for the material of his projected regiment. Mr. Wistar, an 
old Indian fighter, advised him, however, to depend upon Philadelphia, 
and the latter, who became one of his officers, began recruiting here. As 
a result, of the ten companies raised, nine were from Philadelphia and 
one from New York city. As fast as companies were formed they were 
sent to New York city for muster and to camp at Fort Schuyler. They 
were regarded as a part of the regular army. They were uniformed in 
gray suits, which had been confiscated in New York when just ready 
to be shipped to a Confederate artillery regiment. The "First California 
Regiment" paraded in Philadelphia upon June 29th, 1861, many people 
supposing the men to be actual California soldiers. After a brief stay 
at Suffolk Park they were sent south. While in camp at Washington 
the regiment was increased to fifteen companies, the accessions coming 
from Philadelphia. Senator John C. Breckenridge tried to induce a 
revolt in the camp during the absence of Col. Baker, but the eloquence 
of their leader, upon his return, prevailed. 

In October, 1861, by authority of the President, Col. Baker increased 
his command to a brigade. The additional regiments thus credited to 
California were those of Colonels Owen, Baxter and Morehead, all 
from Philadelphia, respectively designated the 2d, 3d and 5th California 
Regiments. The 4th California Regiment, as planned, was composed of 
artillery and cavalry. These troops were soon detached. After the 
tmfortunate affair at Ball's Bluff", in which Col. Baker was killed, the 
State of Pennsylvania claimed these four splendid infantry regiments 
as a part of its quota, and they became known as "the Philadelphia 
Brigade," Pennsylvania Volunteers. The gray uniforms of the initial 
regiment, then designated the 71st Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, 
had been discarded for the Union blue, and the men were no longer in 
danger of being mistaken by their comrades for Confederates. Under 
the command of Brig.-Gen. W. W. Burns, they were now identified with 
Gen. Sedgwick's Division of the Second Corps. 

The Philadelphia Brigade was unique in the history of the Civil War 
as the only organization of its kind coming from a single city of the 
North. The story of its achievements and losses forms one of the 
most brilliant pages in the annals of our citizen soldiery of the patriotic 
Quaker City. 

On July I St, 2d and 3d, 1887, the veteran Confederates of Pickett's Division 
were the guests of the Philadelphia Brigade at Gettysburg, where these former 
enemies met in the first assemblage of the kind on record. 

Again, on July 3d, 1913, a stirring incident of the semi-centennial week at 
Gettysburg, the few survivors of these historic combatants met at "the stonewall." 
In token of this final meeting each participant was given a medal provided at 
the instance of Hon. John Wanamaker. 



SIXTY=NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

CoLONEi, Joshua T. Owen to November 29th, 1862 
CoLONEiv Dennis O'Kane to July 3rd, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. William Davis to July ist, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,715 Officers and Men. 




HE basis of this regiment was a body of Irish- American 
militia known as the Second Regiment, Second Brigade, First 
Division Pennsylvania Militia, out of which the 24th Regiment 
was formed for the three months enlistment, under Col. 
Joshua T. Owen.* At the conclusion of this service Col. Owen 
speedily organized a new regiment of ten companies which was accepted 
by the Government and mustered in by Col. Edward D. Baker as 
the "Second California" Regiment, August 19th, 1861. Subsequently, 
two companies of Zouaves known as the "Baker Guards" were added 
to the command. 

The regiment was located at Camp Owen, Haddington, until 
September 17th, when it proceeded to Washington, where the men were 
promptly placed at work upon construction of defences on Virginia soil. 

The "69th," now with Sumner's Second Corps, placed its first battle 
upon its flag at Yorktown, and to that "Fair Oaks" was added a few 
weeks later. 

In the McClellan movement around Richmond, following the battle 
of Gaines' Mill, the "69th" won fame by a spirited onslaught upon the 
Confederate line at Glendale, in support of the Pennsylvania Reserve 
Corps, an action pronounced by Gen. Hooker, who directed it, to 
have been "the first successful bayonet charge of the war." Ofttimes, 
on other fields, the "69th" demonstrated its Celtic superiority in the 
use of the bayonet. At Antietam the regiment lost heavily. In Novem- 
ber, 1862, Col. Owen became brigade commander and Lieut.-Col. 
Dennis O'Kane was promoted to the colonelcy. At Fredericksburg, in 
December, the "69th" was in the thick of the fight, losing fifty-one 
officers and men killed, wounded or captured. At Chancellorsville the 
"69th" assisted in covering the retreat. The Philadelphia Brigade marched 
with the Second Corps from Uniontown, Maryland, to Gettysburg, a 
distance of twenty miles, arriving upon the field late on July ist. 

*Joshua Thomas Owen was a native of Wales. He graduated in and prac- 
ticed law in Philadelphia and established with his brother the Chestnut Hill 
School for Boys. He served as a private of the First Troop, P. C. C, in the 
three months' campaign, following which he helped to organize the 69th Regiment 
Infantry. He was promoted as brigadier-general for gallant conduct at the 
battle of Glendale, June 30th, 1862. After the war he became a legal publisher. 
Died November 7th, 1887. 

87 



tiere the brigade was placed in the Union center upon Cemetery Ridge. 
At this point, on the evening of July 2d, a charge of the Confederate 
line, following Sickles' fight, was handsomely repulsed. The assault 
upon Rickett's guns at the right, occurring at about the same hour, 
resulting in the bloody repulse of the "Louisiana Tigers," has attracted 
far more historic attention. All day, July 3d, the "69th" with the "71st" 
and "72d" Regiments and two companies of the "io6th" lay upon the 
battle line while the artillery fought its Titantic duel. Here, at the 
''copse of trees" was the center of the storm. At three o'clock the 
long, gray line of Pickett's men was seen advancing across the valley. 
The "flying wedge" of this heroic force headed straight for the stone 
wall. From the awful melee around the guns of Wheeler and Cushing 
the Philadelphia Brigade wrested victory. 

Out of two hundred and fifty-eight officers and men in this scene 
of carnage the "69th" lost six officers and thirty-six men killed, seven 
officers and seventy-six men wounded, two officers and sixteen men 
taken prisoners. Among the slain were Col. Dennis O'Kane and 
Lieut.-Col. Martin Tschudy. 

The remnant of the "69th" under Capt. William Davis, of Com- 
pany K, was returned to Virginia, where there was more work to do. 

In March, 1864, the survivors re-enlisted, and after a splendid 
reception at Philadelphia, returned, with Lieut.-Col. William Webb in 
command, to the old fighting ground, battling, in Hancock's Corps, 
through the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, Gold Harbor and Petersburg. 
Here the "io6th" (originally the "Fifth California") was merged as 
a separate battalion with the "69th." At Reams Station Lieut.-Col. 
Davis was wounded and Major Patrick S. Tinen took command. 

In February, March and April, 1865, the regiment shared in the 
battles of the final campaign, and in its last fight, at High Bridge, 
Virginia, witnessed the death of Gen. Thomas A. Smyth of Phila- 
delphia, the last brigade commander to fall in the course of the war. 
This gallant officer began his military career as captain of Company 
H of the old "24th." Soon afterward the men who had re-enlisted 
and the recruits were transferred to the 183d Regiment. 

The balance of the regiment was mustered out on July ist, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds ' officers, 12 ; men 166 

Died from disease " 3 ; " no 

Wounded " 31; " 315 

Captured or missing " 4 ; " 181 

BATTLES. 

Yorktown, Fair_ Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern 
Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Kelly's 
Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Har- 
bor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plain, Deep Bottom, Reams' Station, Boydton Road, 
Dabney's Mill, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Court House. 



SEVENTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Edward D. Baker to October 21st, 1861. 
Colonel Isaac J. Wistar to November 29tb., 1862. 
Colonel R. Penn Smith to July 2d, 1864. 

Total Enrollment, 1,665 Officers and Men* 



THE story of the formation of this command as the "ist Cali- 
fornia" Regiment has been outlined upon preceding pages. Soon 
after the death of Col. Edward D. Baker at Ball's Bluff, a lament- 
able affair in which the regiment lost heavily, the brigade was 
claimed as a part of its quota by the State of Pennsylvania and was so 
credited. The four commands were designated the "69th," the "71st," 
"72d" and "io6th" Regiments, and became the "Philadelphia Brigade," 
Pennsylvania Infantry. Upon recovery from his wounds, inflicted at Ball's 
Bluff, Lieut.-Col. Isaac J. Wistar became colonel of the "71st." Brig.-Gen. 



Wii 




The neglected little military cemetery at Ball's Bluff. 

W. W. Burns commanded the brigade, which was attached to Sedgwick's 
Division of the Second Corps. Early in 1862 the "71st" was engaged 
under Gen. N. P. Banks in West Virginia. The Philadelphia Brigade 
was soon transferred to the Virginia peninsula, where Gen. McClellan 
was operating against the enemy at Yorktown and Williamsburg. The 
Union advance was pushed to within sight of Richmond. At Fair Oaks 
the "71st" was engaged in constant fighting and skirmishing for four 
weeks. After the battle of Gaines Mills the "change of base" from the 



*A portion of this regiment was recruited at Odd Fellows' Hall, Frankford. 

8q 



90 

Chickahominy River to the James River developed several attacks upon 
the army's endless wagon trains, in the course of which the regiment 
participated in four battles, making repeated charges and losing many 
officers and men before resting at Malvern Hill. At Harrison's Landing, 
upon the James River, five companies, L, M, N, P and R, were disbanded, 
the men being assigned to the depleted original ten companies. The 
scene of action was now transferred to the region in front of Wash- 
ington, resulting in the battles of Chantilly and the Second Bull Run, 
where the "71st" assisted in covering the rear of Pope's retreat. In the 
northward movement which checked the Confederates at Antietam, Brig.- 
Gen. O. O. Howard commanded the Philadelphia Brigade. The "71st" 
left upon the field of Antietam one-third of its strength. In the Fred- 
ericksburg campaign, nearly three months later, the regiment, led to 
fruitless sacrifice by Lieut.-Col. John Markoe, was again a heavy loser. 
The survivors fought again, under Hooker, at Fredericksburg, after 
which they wintered in camp at Falmouth. The Second Corps, under 
Maj.-Gen. Hancock was sent, in June, 1863, to Pennsylvania. The "71st" 
was now under command of Col. Richard Penn Smith. Arriving at 
Gettysburg the regiment was placed in the center of the battle-line. 
Upon the afternoon of July 2d the brigade became involved in a charge 
during the attack upon Gen. Sickles' position, but the supreme test of 
its endurance was reserved for the final scene. It was just at this point 
that the "high-water line" of the great Rebellion is now fittingly marked. 
Here the gray billow broke against the solid wall of the Army of the 
Potomac, never to return. At Gettysburg the regiment lost ninety- 
eight officers and men. Following the retreating enemy back to the 
soil of Virginia, the Second Corps fought, through the autumn, over 
long-familiar ground. The "71st" wintered at Stevensburg. When the 
army resumed operations in May, 1864, Lieut.-Col. C. Kochersperger 
was in command. He was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness. 
Capt. Mitchell Smith, who succeeded him, was killed at Spotsylvania. 
At Cold Harbor the regiment made its last stand. It was now entitled 
to discharge. The veterans and recruits were transferred to the "69th" 
Regiment. One hundred and fifty-three men returned to Philadelphia 
and were mustered out on July 2d, 1864. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 14 ; men, 147 

Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 98 

Wounded " 24 ; " 372 

Captured or missing " 10 ; " 320 

BATTLES. 

Falls Church, Poolesville, Ball's Bluff, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage 
Station, Glendale, Antietam, Fredericksburg (1862), Fredericksburg (1863), Gettys- 
burg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold 
Harbor. Present also at Yorktown, Malvern Hill, Bristoe Station and Totopotomoy. 



SEVENTY=SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Baxter's Philadelphia Fire Zouaves) 

CoivONEL De Witt Clinton Baxter. 
Total Enrollment, 1^600 Officers and Men. 



T 



t g ^ HE volunteer firemen of Philadelphia were patriotic, intelli- 
gent and brave, and were prompt in their response to the call 
of President Lincoln in April, 1861, enlisting in large numbers 
in the three months' regiments soon afterward in the field. At 
the end of this term of service they were equally ready to volunteer "for 
three years or the war." The regiment of Fire Zouaves, which Col. 
De Witt Clinton Baxter formed, was composed of this fine, hardy material, 
nearly every fire company in the city being represented in its ranks. 
Camp was established at Haddington, near the old Bull's Head tavern. 
The regiment was mustered in August loth, 1861, and left for Wash- 
ington on September i6th. The command was assigned to Baker's 
Brigade, Sedgwick's Division, Sumner's Corps. 

This brigade, having its origin as the "California Brigade" under 
direct authority of the President, was rated, at that time, as a body of 
regular troops. It was only after the death of Col. E. D. Baker that 
the several Philadelphia regiments of which it was composed were 
claimed by the State of Pennsylvania and given numerical designations 
accordingly. 

While at Camp Observation, Maryland, the Fire Zouaves were 
increased to fifteen companies, having a muster roll of about 1,600 officers 
and men. The uniform then worn, of the showy French Zouave pat- 
tern, and the picturesque drill of the regiment attracted great popular 
admiration.* 

Col. Baker fell at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 22d, 1861. He was 
succeeded in command of the brigade by Gen. W. W. Burns. The four 
regiments were rechristened as the "Philadelphia Brigade," and as such 
became a part, throughout their entire term of service, of the Second 
Corps. 

After six months of comparatively peaceful guard duty and marches 
along the upper Potomac River and in the Shenandoah Valley the brigade 
entered upon the Peninsular Campaign, covering the interval from April 
4th, when the march began from Fortress Monroe, to the return to 
that point on August 22d, and including the movements and battles 
outlined in the experiences of the 69th and 71st Regiments. 

*The greater part of the regiment eventually discarded this conspicuous 
uniform in the course of the Peninsular Campaign. At Gettysburg the 72d was 
garbed in the plain blue uniforms of the regulation pattern, the figure of the 
Zouave in bronze being but a type of the regimental synonym. 

91 



92 

The "72d" reached Alexandria, Va., on August 28th, hastening 
thence with the Corps to the support of Pope's force, arriving near 
Manassas in time to assist in covering his retreat. At Antietam the 
"72d" met with severe and prolonged fighting and heavy loss. The 
campaign ended with further losses in the occupation of Fredericks- 
burg and operations at Chancellorsville. The regiment was encamped at 
Falmouth, Va., to the opening of the Gettysburg campaign. The com- 
mand reached the field on the evening of July ist and went into po- 
sition near the center of the battle line, and there, at the "bloody angle," 
stands today the Zouave, in bronze, typifying, with clubbed musket, the 
heroic hand-to-hand battle the regiment made on July 3d, 1863. When 
the advance of the Confederate column across the valley began the 
"72d" was posted in support and to the rear of the batteries upon 
Hancock's front. As the enemy drove in the brigade pickets from the 
Emmitsburg road, the regiment was rushed to the front line, striking 
the assailants at the famous stone wall and the "clump of trees." Upon 
the morning of that eventful day the Fire Zouaves numbered four 
hundred and fifty-eight officers and men. After the fury of the con- 
flict was past there were but two hundred and sixty-six of the "72d" 
left for further duty. Soon afterward Col. Baxter succeeded Gen. Webb 
in command of the brigade. Lieut.-Col. Theodore Hesser now com- 
manded the Fire Zouaves, only to fall, a few months later, at Mine Run. 
In the campaign of 1864 the regiment fought in the Wilderness, at 
Spotsylvania, and again, with heavy loss, at Cold Harbor. At Peters- 
burg the Philadelphia Brigade, all four regiments in line, stormed the 
Confederate defences and held them. This was the "72d's" last battle. 
A few days later the survivors were sent home and were mustered out.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers, 12 ; men, 198 

Died from disease or other cause " i ; " 119 

Wounded in action, not mortally " 25; " 533 

Captured or missing " 2 ; " 163 

BATTLE3. 

Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Stgition, Glendale, Malvern 
Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, 
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg. 

*The semi-centennial anniversary of the muster in of the 72d Regiment, 
Baxter's Zouaves, was celebrated by the survivors and their families at Belmont 
Mansion on October 12th, 191 1. Of the one hundred and fifteen living at that 
date, sixty-five attended. Among them were Major John Lockhart and Capt. 
Thomas F. Longaker, the only surviving officers. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Turner G. Morehead to April 5th, 1864. 

LiEUT.-CoL. William L. Curry to May nth, 1864. 

Total Enrollment, 1,020 Officers and Men. 



AFTER the return of the 22d Regiment, of the three-months' 
enlistments, its Colonel, Turner G. Morehead, a veteran of the 
Mexican War, and some of his officers commenced to recruit 
a new regiment for the three-year service. It was mustered 
in during August, September and October, 1861. Many members of 
the Philadelphia Light Guards and a large number of the enlisted men 
of the "22d" joined this command, which was first known as the "Fifth 
California" Regiment, being part of Colonel Baker's California Brigade, 
but later as one of the four regiments composing the Philadelphia 
Brigade. 

The "io6th" joined Colonel Baker's Brigade just prior to the 
battle of Ball's Bluff, Va., in which part of his force was trapped. 

Under Brigadier-General William W. Burns, and as a unit to the 
Second Army Corps in the Second Brigade, Second Division, Second 
Corps of the Army of the Potomac, the "io6th" shared in all of the 
marches and battles of the Philadelphia Brigade through the Virignia 
Peninsula up to the gates of Richmond, and from Savage Station to 
Harrison Landing, fighting desperately at Savage Station, at Glendale 
and Malvern Hill, then in the succeeding Pope Campaign, where, at Flint 
Hill, acting as rear guard of the army in the retreat from the Second 
Bull Run, they led the enemy into a trap, inflicted great loss upon him 
and checked his advance in that direction, thence along the road that 
led to Antietam. 

Here, with Gen. Oliver O. Howard as Brigade Commander, on 
that beautiful September morning, in what is known as the "West 
Wood," the brigade fought heroically against fearful odds when all 
the other troops had left, holding their ground until the enemy, in over- 
whelming numbers, swept around their flank, compelled them to retire, 
leaving upon that part of Antietam's bloody field five hundred and 
forty-five of their members killed and wounded. 

The Second Corps now returned to Virginia and to Fredericks- 
burg's fatal field where, for the first time, the Philadelphia Brigade was 
commanded by one of Philadelphia's sons, Brigadier-General Joshua 
T. Owen, who led his brigade in that fearful charge upon Marye's 
Heights, until he got within ninety yards of the famous stone wall, and, 
unwilling to give up one foot of the ground he had gained with such 
heavy loss, directed his men to lie down, and all that long, cold De- 

93 



94 

cember day they lay there, subjected to both infantry and artillery fire, 
until relieved after dark. 

The regiment had been so depleted by the storm of battle at An- 
tietam and Fredericksburg that, after a winter in camp and accession 
of recruits, it reported to Gettysburg, along with the equally reduced 
69th, 71st and 72d Regiments, with but three hundred and thirty-five 
officers and men. The brigade was now commanded by Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Alexander S. Webb. Arriving upon the field on the morning of 
the second. Companies A and B were at once advanced as skirmishers 
to the Emmitsburg road, and during the morning made a gallant at- 
tack upon the Bliss House, between the lines, and with the help of 
four companies of the 12th New Jersey Regiment, dislodged the enemy, 
burned the house and barn and captured one hundred prisoners. 

Near the conclusion of the heavy fighting on the left of our line, 
on the afternoon of July 2d, when Wright, with his Georgia brigade, 
had swept around the right of Sickles' command and had captured the 
guns of Brown's Rhode Island Battery and was forcing his way to 
the position of the Philadelphia Brigade, Gen. Hancock ordered the 
1 06th Regiment to charge upon the advancing enemy, upon whom the 
brigade was pouring a withering fire. Dashing over the low stone 
wall the regiment rushed the then discomfited enemy and drove him 
back to and beyond the Emmitsburg road, recapturing the guns of 
Brown's Battery and two hundred and fifty prisoners, principally of the 
48th Georgia Regiment, including its colonel and twenty officers. The 
regiment returned to its position with the brigade and was immediately 
hurried to the right, upon request of Gen. Howard, leaving a detail of 
fifty men and two full companies, A and B, with the brigade, upon 
the front of Gibbon's Division of the Second Corps. 

In the gathering shadows of evening a gray column of Early's men, 
among them the vaunted "Louisiana Tigers" was sent swarming up 
the slope of Cemetery Hill east of the Baltimore pike, where Rickett's 
and Weiderick's batteries needed instant help, and the "io6th" arrived 
in time to join with the decimated regiments of Howard's Eleventh 
Corps, saved the guns of those batteries, and hurled back the few sur- 
vivors of that gallant and deadly sortie. 

On the morning of the fourth, the regiment was ordered to advance 
and reconnoitre towards the town. Finding their way but feebly con- 
tested, they pushed forward and found that the enemy had evacuated. 
Thus the "io6th" Regiment was among the first to enter Gettysburg 
since the retreat through it on the night of July ist. Its outpost line 
and the two companies that remained with the brigade shared the glory 
of the repulse of Pickett at the "clump of trees." 

After Gettysburg, the Philadelphia Brigade, less than a regiment in 
numbers, returned to Virginia, and went into camp near Brandy Station 
for the winter, during which time many of the regiment re-enlisted. 
In April, 1864, Col. Morehead resigned. 



95 

During the summer campaign of 1864, battle followed battle with 
terrible regularity, as the waning fortunes of the Confederacy made its 
brave soldiery more desperate, and our men more determined to bring 
the war to an end, beginning with the three-days' battle of the Wilder- 
ness and continuing through Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, 
Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, in all of which the regiment 
was in the thickest of the fighting and suffered the heavy loss of five 
officers and one hundred and ten men from its already reduced num- 
bers. Among the many lost at Spotsylvania was Lieut.-Col. William L. 
Curry, who died, a month later, of his wound. 

Before Petersburg, the "io6th" was given surcease of fighting, when 
its term of enlistment expired, but, unfortunately, before that event, 
on June 22d, 1864, three officers and ninety-one men were taken prisoners. 

On July 27th the veterans and recruits were consolidated into 
three companies, F, H and K, and united with the 69th Regiment for 
field service, but retained its identity as a separate battalion. The re- 
mainder of the regiment was sent to Washington, and after a period 
of guard duty at Arlington Heights, for about thirty days, was ordered 
to Philadelphia and was mustered out on September loth, 1864. 

The io6th Battalion, left in the field, served through Deep Bottom, 
Reams Station, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run and Dabney Mills 
to the scene of the surrender of Appomattox, participated in the Grand 
Review at Washington, and was mustered out on June 30th, 1865.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 9 ; men, go 

Died of disease or other causes " i '> ' 94 

Wounded, not mortally " 24 ; 373 

Captured or missing " S; " ^52 

BATTLES. 

(Including those of the io6th Battalion.) 

Yorktown, Fair Oaks. Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern 
Hill, Flint Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Haymarket, Gettysburg, 
Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness. Spotsylvania, North Anna. Totopotomoy, 
Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom. Ream's Station, 
Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run (February 6 and 7, 1865), Hatcher's Run 
(March 25, 1865), Dabney's Mill, Appomattox Court House. 



*0n October i8th, 191 1, fifteen of the thirty survivors of the regiment met at 
1 108 Sansom street to celebrate the semi-centennial anniversary of organization. 
Those present were Col. R. W. P. Allen, the only surviving original officer; 
Thomas Thompson, Dr. G. J. R. Miller, Col. Joseph R. C. Ward, J. E. Heller, 
W. H. Huddell, George Waldron, Joseph Weber, George Hellem, William H. 
Abrams, Daniel E. Ridge, Maurice Finn and Sergt.-Major William H. Neiler. 



SEVENTY=THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel John A. Koltes to August 30th, 1862. 
Colonel Gustavus A. Muehleck to January 27th, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. William Moore to February 8th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Charles C. Cresson to August 24th, 1865.* 
Total Enrollment, 1,260 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment, largely recruited from the local German rifle 
companies, was originally known as the "Pennsylvania Legion." 
It was encamped, during the summer of 1861, at Engle & Wolf's 
farm, upon the east side of the Schuylkill River. The regiment, 
under Col. John A. Koltes, left for Washington upon September 24th, 
where it was assigned to Blenker's German Division. The autumn and 
winter were devoted to camp and picket duty in Virginia. Upon March 
3d, 1862, three hundred and fifty men from the disbanded 66th Regi- 
ment were added to its ranks. In May the division joined Fremont's 
Mountain Department in West Virginia, the 73d scoring its first battle 
at Cross Keys. Under Gen. Sigel, the German regiments formed a 
staunch rear guard for Pope's retreat, incident to which were the battles 
of Freeman's Ford and Groveton. At the hard-fought battle of the 
second Bull Run, August 30th, the "73d" was the target for deadly 
artillery fire, losing two hundred and sixteen killed and wounded, in- 
cluding Colonel Koltes, acting brigade commander, and Capt. Augustus 
Breuckner, acting major. Without further engagements the "73d" win- 
tered at Falmouth, Va. At this time Lieut.-Col. William Moore suc- 
ceeded Col. G. A. Muehleck, resigned. Under Hooker's reorganization 
the regiment formed part of Col. A. Buschbeck's First Brigade, Second 
Division of the Eleventh Corps. At Chancellorsville the regiment lost 
one hundred and six officers and men, killed, wounded and missing. 
Among the killed was Capt. Henry J. Giltinan. Capt. Jacob Liebfried 
was mortally wounded. 

After a week of hurried marching, from Edward's Ferry, the 
Eleventh Corps reached Gettysburg upon July ist. At two o'clock P. M. 
the "73d" was in position and charged into the town, assisting effectively 
in halting the Confederates. The regiment's second position fronted upon 
the Taneytown road, west of the Junction of the Emmitsburg road, 
being exposed to continuous artillery fire. An assault was made at this 
point by a Confederate column, which was repulsed with great loss. Upon 
the second the "73d" occupied the same position upon the scene of the 

*Lieut.-Colonel William Moore was commissioned colonel January 27th, 1863. 
Lieut.-Colonel Charles C. Cresson was commissioned colonel May ist, 1865. 
Neither of these officers was mustered with the above rank. 

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MOYAMENSING HALL (Christian Street Hospital, U. S. Army). 




OLD CARRIAGE FACTORY AT FIFTH AND BUTTONWOOD STREETS, used as a 
hospital, military prison and provost barracks. 



97 

final Confederate assault in the afternoon. When the enemy withdrew 
the regiment, with its brigade, occupied the town. The regimental losses 
were seven killed and twenty-seven wounded out of fourteen officers and 
three hundred and eighteen men present* 

At Alexandria, Va., during the remainder of the summer, the "73d" 
was occupied, under Colonel Moore, who had returned, in convoying 
drafted men. In September the Eleventh Corps was transferred, under 
Gen, Hooker, to the West. Late in October the brigade marched from 
Bridgeport, Tenn., toward Chattanooga, having a skirmish en route at 
Wauhatchie. Upon arrival at Chattanooga Col. Moore retired from 
command, being invalided, and as the regiment had no field officers, 
Lieut.-Col. Joseph B. Taft, of the 143d New York Regiment, was placed 
in command. 

The "73d" was in the storming line at Missionary Ridge upon No- 
vember 25th. In the terrific fighting which ensued. Colonel Taft was 
killed, and nearly all of the survivors of the "73d" were made prisoners. 
The regimental flag was secreted about his person by Capt. John Ken- 
nedy, of Company H, and after his exchange, six months later, was 
brought safely home. The remnant of the "73d" wintered at Chatta- 
nooga. In January, 1864, those who re-enlisted were given a veteran's 
furlough. The old Eleventh Corps, being merged into the Twentieth 
Corps, the veterans and recruits of the "73d" marched and fought with 
Sherman to Atlanta, on to Savannah and northward through the Caro- 
linas. The last commander of the regiment was Lieut.-Col. Charles C. 
Cresson. At Bentonville, N. C, it fought in the last important battle of 
the war. After the surrender of Johnston, at Raleigh, N. C, the "73d" 
marched to Alexandria, Va., where it was mustered out on July 14th, 
1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed, or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 96 

Died of disease " o; " 114 

Wounded, not mortally " 18; " 303 

Captured or missing " 18 ; " 160 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Cross Keys, Rappahannock River, Groveton, Bull Run (second), Chancellors- 
ville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Missionary Ridge, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, New 
Hope Church, Pine Knob, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, March to 
the Sea, Savannah, Bentonville, Durham Station (Johnston's Surrender). 



*Having no field officers the regiment was commanded in this battle by Capt. 
D. F. Kelly. The "73d" was among the first troops to occupy the town of Gettys- 
burg as the Confederates withdrew on the morning of July 4th. Skirmishing 
with the rear guard of the enemy from street to street, they were hailed wtth 
joy by the inhabitants, who had remained concealed in their homes awaiting, with 
intense anxiety, the issue of the battle. 



SEVENTY=FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

CoLONEi, Alexander von Schimmelfennig to November 9th, 1862. 
Colonel A. von Hartung to July nth, 1864. 
Colonel Gottlieb Hoburg to August 29th, 1865. 
Philadelphia Companies A and K. 
Total Enrollment, 197 Officers and Men. 



1 



"^HE "74th" was largely composed of men of German birth or 
parentage. Originating at Pittsburgh, the majority of its re- 
cruits were from the western counties. It was mustered into 
the United State service, as the 35th Regiment, upon September 
14th, 186 1, and was then sent to camp at Engle & Wolf's farm, near 
the Columbia Bridge, upon the Schuylkill River, Philadelphia. 

Col. Schimmelfennig was an experienced officer of the Prussian 
Army, and this fact attracted many German veterans to the regiment. 
While at Philadelphia a detachment, locally recruited by Capt. Alexander 
Von Mitzel, was added to Company K. Later, while in winter quarters 
at Hunter's Chapel, Virginia, a Philadelphia company joined the com- 
mand, under Capt. Von Hartung. This company had been on duty 
at Fort Delaware and became Company A. The number of the regiment 
was changed to "74th" and it was attached to Blenker's German Division. 
In March, 1862, the "74th" marched to the Shenandoah Valley to 
reinforce Fremont's Mountain Department, assisting in driving Stone- 
wall Jackson's force southward after the battle of Cross Keys. Under 
Major-Gen. Franz Sigel a forced march was made to Cedar Mountain. 
In Pope's movement of August, 1862, the regiment met the enemy at 
Freeman's Ford. Here Brig.-Gen. Henry Bohlen, commanding the 
brigade, was killed. Col. Schimmelfennig taking his place. Battles fol- 
lowed at Groveton and Bull Run (second). During the Antietam cam- 
paign the "74th" was posted in the defences of Washington. Col. 
Schimmelfennig having been promoted, the command fell upon Major 
Von Hartung, who subsequently became colonel. 

Under Hooker, in 1863, Sigel's troops were in the disaster at 
Chancellorsville, where the "74th" lost heavily while protecting the re- 
treat. The First Brigade, Third Division of the Eleventh Corps, arrived 
at Gettysburg early in the afternoon of July ist. The "74th" was first 
advanced to the west of the Carlisle Road in support of artillery. In this 
position the regiment lost one hundred and three officers and men out of 
one hundred and thirty- four present (at the site of its monument).* The 

* (Quoted from dedication address by Capt. Paul Rohrbacker, Gettysburg, July 
2d, 1888.) The official records, as well as the monumental inscription at Gettys- 
burg, testify that the "74th" numbered, at that battle, three hundred and eighty-one 
officers and men, losing a total in killed, 10; wounded, 40; captured or missing, da 

98 



99 

remnant retreated to the new line at Cemetery Hill, where those of the 
command who had been on picket duty rejoined. This position was held 
to the end of the battle. 

Upon August 7th the Third Division, now under Brig.-Gen. George 
H. Gordon, was transported to South Carolina, serving upon the coast 
islands near Charleston until August 17th, 1864. In September the 
majority of the veterans were mustered out. The regiment was re- 
cruited and reorganized and assigned to guard the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railway. In March, 1865, seven new companies were added. The regi- 
ment was finally mustered out at Clarksburg, Va., upon August 29th, 

Forty of the commissioned officers serving at various periods with 
the regiment were from Philadelphia. 

TOTAL LOSSES (Regimental). 

Killed in action officers, 2 ; men, 39 

Died of wounds " 19 

Died of disease and other causes " i ; " 71 

Wounded, not mortally " 9 ; " 129 

Captured or missing " 4 ; " 128 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Cross Keys, Freeman's Ford, Groveton, Second Bull Run, Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, John's Island, James Island. 



SEVENTY=F!FTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

C01.ONEL W. Henry C. Bohlen to April 28th, 1862. 
Colonel Francis Mahler to July ist, 1863. 
Major August Ledig to March 8th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Alvin von Matzdorff to September ist, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,293 Officers and Men. 



THIS fine regiment was recruited in 1861 almost entirely from 
among the patriotic German citizens of Philadelphia. Num- 
bers of its officers had been schooled in foreign armies. Col. 
Bohlen had served as aide to Gen. Worth, in Mexico. _ In 
recognition of this fact the regiment's first rendezvous, at Hestonville, 
was named "Camp Worth." The "75th" was mustered in by companies 
during August and in September, prior to its departure for Washington, 
on the 26th. Joining Gen. Louis Blenker's German division the regi- 
ment established its camp at Hunter's Chapel, Va. Aside from minor 
detours the command, remained here until the following spring. On 



100 

April 6th, 1862, the "75th" was sent, in inclement weather, to the 
Mountain Department at Winchester. At Berry's Ferry, on the 
Shenandoah river, while Companies I and K were being taken across, 
the craft utilized sank, drowning two commissioned officers, Capt. 
Christian Wyck and Lieut. Adolph Winter, and fifty-one men, who were 
engulfed by the weight of their accoutrements. First Sergeant Joseph 
Tiedemann, of Company K, lost his life in an effort to save his captain. 
This tragic affair cast a long-felt gloom over the regiment. 

Reporting to Major-Gen. Fremont at Winchester, on April i8th, Col. 
Bohlen was commissioned brigadier-general, and with Fremont's First 
Corps the regiment, under Lieut.-Col. Mahler, joined the other German 
regiments from Philadelphia in an advance in pursuit of the retreating 
Confederates up the Shenandoah Valley. At Cross Keys and Port 
Republic the "75th" was engaged on the left flank, losing heavily. At 
this time the regiment became a part of the Second Brigade, Third 
Division, First Corps, of which Major-Gen. Franz Sigel, who had suc- 
ceeded Fremont, was in command. This energetic German officer now 
led his troops eastward, across the Blue Ridge, in order to effect a 
junction with Gen. Pope's army. Lieut.-Col. Mahler received his 
commission as colonel on July 20th. At the battle of Freeman's Ford, 
on August 22d, Gen. Bohlen was killed.* In close and desperate fighting 
at the second battle of Bull Run the regiment lost one hundred and 
thirty-three, killed and wounded. Among those killed were Lieutenants 
William Froelich and William Bowen. Five officers were wounded. 
More than a score of non-commissioned officers and men were honored 
with special mention in reports for bravery on this field. Sigel's 
corps was designated the "Eleventh" in November. When the army 
undertook its abortive winter sorties upon Fredericksburg, the "75th" 
experienced its full share of mud marching. At Chancellorsville, May 
2d, 1863, the regiment, upon the exposed right flank of the battle line, 
was overcome by an avalanche of Stonewall Jackson's men, losing in 
the confusion its Lieut-Colonel and forty men captured. The regi- 
ment rallied near United States Ford and remained there until assigned 
a position in the second line of battle. 

The movement preceding the Gettysburg campaign began on June 
I2th. Nineteen days later the Eleventh Corps, approaching Gettysburg 
after a trying fourteen-mile march from Taneytown, on the morning 
of July 1st, heard the guns of the First Corps. Hurrying through the 
village, to the great joy of the residents, the Eleventh Corps formed 
its line of battle to the right of the Carlisle road, advancing to the 
attack at one o'clock. The two Corps here held back the determined 
and confident Confederates until late in the day, then retreating to a 
new position upon Cemetery Hill^ providentially fortified by Gen. 
Steinwehr. 



*The body of Gen. W. Henry C. Bohlen rests in the family vault in front of 
St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church, Race Street below Sixth Street. 



lOI 

In its part of the conflict of that momentous day the "75th" 
was arrayed against a portion of Dole's Brigade, Rode's Division,. Ewell's 
Corps, which inflicted upon it a loss of seventy-two per cent, in killed 
and wounded, of the fifteen officers and one hundred and seventy-nine 
men actually on the firing line.* Two officers and twenty-nine men were 
killed, six officers and ninety-seven men were wounded and three men 
were captured or missing. This percentage of loss was exceeded at 
Gettysburg by but one other regiment, the ist Minnesota, which recorded 
casualties of eighty-two per cent. The losses of the "75th" all occurred 
within the deadly half hour during which the command was under fire. 
Among the killed were Lieuts. Henry Hauschild and Louis Mahler; of 
the wounded Col. Francis Mahler and Lieut. WilHam J. Sill died in 
consequence. After Col. Mahler had been wounded the command 
devolved upon Major August Ledig, an experienced and courageous 
officer. t 

The Eleventh Corps was transferred to the Army of the Cum- 
berland in the autumn of 1863. At the end of its journey westward 
the "75th" was stationed at Bridgeport, Alabama, to guard the railroad 
bridge spanning the Tennessee River at that point. In the subsequent 
movement to Wauhatchie the regiment was engaged in support of Gen. 
Geary's Pennsylvanians in the night battle of October 28th and 29th, 
taking some prisoners. The "75th" was present at the several closing 
battles around Chattanooga, after which it was sent in the direction 
of Knoxville with a column moved for the re-enforcement of Burnside. 
On January 2d, 1864, the regiment was re-mustered as a veteran organi- 
zation, and returned upon furlough to Philadelphia. Two months 
later, with many recruits, it rejoined the Army of the Tennessee near 
Nashville. At the battle of Franklin, Tenn., on November 30th, Com- 
pany E, then on outpost duty, was captured. A large mounted de- 
tachment was organized in the fall of 1864 for duty at headquarters, 
being thus engaged for several months in provost and scout service. 
Without further battles the "75th" was retained in the army to Sep- 
tember 1st, 1865, when it was mustered out,^ and arrived on the 12th 

*While in bivouac at Taneytown on the evening of June 30th fifty men 
were detached from the regiment to assist in guarding the reserve ammunition 
train. This contingent, absent on this duty from the encounter of July ist, 
has not been duly allowed for by military writers generally in estimating the 
percentage loss on that day by the 75th Regiment. 

fCol. Mahler was crippled in the thick of the fight by the fall of his 
horse, which had been shot, but he remained a conspicuous figure in the 
encouragement of his line, receiving a mortal wound at the moment when the 
"75th," outflanked, began to fall back. At this instant Lieut. T. Albert Steiger, 
in command of Companies I and K, ran to his assistance and, despite the 
imminent danger of death or capture, brought him, with great difficulty from 
the field. Col. Mahler died on the morning of July 4th at the field hospital of 
the Eleventh Corps. 



102 

in Philadelphia, having served more than four years. Two hundred 
and thirty-six officers and men were present at the discharge. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 57 

Died from disease " 57 

Drowned (on the Shenandoah) " 2; " 51 

Wounded, not mortally " 11; " 219 

Captured, or missing " 4; " 95 

BATTLES. 
Cross Keys, Freeman's Ford, Groveton, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, 
Franklin, Nashville. 



EIGHTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel James Miller to May 31st, 1862. 
Colonel Charles F. Johnson to November 24th, 1862. 
Colonel H. Boyd McKeen to June 3d, 1864. 
Colonel William Wilson to June 29th, 1865. 
Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E and F. 
Total Enrollment, 1,100 Officers and Men. 



^ I ^HE "81 st," recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of Carbon 

I and Luzerne by James Miller, a soldier of the Mexican War, 

fl was assembled at the camp near Easton, Pa., the officers and 

men being mustered in during August, 1861. The regiment 

proceeded to Washington October loth, there being attached to Casey's 

First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. Routine duty occupied 

the winter and spring to the opening of the peninsular campaign. 

At Fair Oaks the regiment experienced its first important battle, 
Col. Miller being among the slain. Lieut. Horace M. Lee, of Company 
F, was mortally wounded. Capt. Samuel Sherlock, of Company D, was 
killed on picket June 15th. During the "change of base" the regiment 
fought at White Oak Swamp, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Glendale 
and Malvern Hill, losing Col. Johnson, Captains Connor and Harkness 
wounded, and Lieut.-Col. Eli T. Connor killed. Late in August the 
"81 st" was hurried to the field of the Second Bull Run, arriving at 
the end of the fighting. On the way to Antietam, in September, the 
regiment assisted in clearing the pass at South Mountain. The regimental 
losses at Antietam, chiefly incurred in a gallant charge by Richardson's 
Division, included Capt. Philip R. Schuyler and Lieut. William H. 
Vandyke, killed. 



103 

In the Burnside campaign against Fredericksburg the "8ist" was 
under fire at Falmouth. In November Col. Johnson resigned because of 
wounds and Major H. Boyd McKeen was promoted to colonel. 

At the battle of Fredericksburg, December iith-i5th, 1862, the 
"81st" charged through the town with the division, losing Lieut. Clinton 
Swain, of Company C, killed. In this assault, also. Col. McKeen and five 
captains were wounded and a large number of the rank and file were 
killed or wounded. In the Chancellorsville campaign of April, 1863, 
further losses were incurred. Guarding the northward roads and clearing 
the passes en route, the Second Corps was occupied in June on its way 
to Gettysburg, arriving on the field on the evening of July ist. Taking 
its place in the line of battle, the "81 st" was posted, at first, near the 
cemetery, but later moved in support of Sickles' position in front of 
Little Round Top, here participating in the terrific fighting, in the after- 
noon, upon that portion of the field. From one hundred and seventy- 
five officers and men present the regiment lost, killed, nine men ; wounded, 
five officers and forty men; captured, eight men. 

In the Mine Run campaign Capt. David J. Phillips was killed. 
Early in January, 1864, the "8ist" re-enlisted, and, with the opening 
of the campaign, Col. McKeen was advanced to command of the brigade 
and Major William Wilson assumed command of the regiment. This 
officer was commissioned colonel on October 30th, 1864. After Spot- 
sylvania the Second Corps essayed, without success, to dislodge the enemy 
at Cold Harbor. Col. McKeen here fell, at the head of his troops, a 
dauntless leader, bearing the scars of three former wounds. 

In front of Petersburg Capt. David H. Ginder was killed, during 
tht assault of June 17th. At Strawberry Plains, in July; Ream's Station 
and Deep Bottom, in August, the "81 st" won further laurels. The 
winter was spent in the trenches before Petersburg. In the final cam- 
paign the regiment escaped material losses to April 7th, when, almost 
within sight of Appomattox, the "8ist" was one of three regiments sent, 
under Brig.-Gen. Nelson A. Miles, into a charge on the entrenched 
Confederates, and was nearly destroyed. Captains Charles Wilson and 
John Bond, both Philadelphians, were killed. At the end of this dis- 
astrous afifair there remained only Col. William Wilson, two line of- 
ficers, thirty-six enlisted men and the colors.* 

The "thin short line" left in the field was returned to Washington 
and mustered out on June 29th, 1865. 

The "81 st" lost more officers and men in the four years of service 
than any other command largely composed of Philadelphia volunteers. 
Of the field and staff, four were killed in battle and two died from 
disease; of the line officers, fourteen were killed outright, and of the 
wounded, some afterward died in consequence. 

*Oration of Capt. Harry Wilson, September 12th, 1889, at dedication of monu- 
ment, Gettysburg, page 409, "Pennsylvania at Gettysburg," Vol. I. 



104 

TOTAL LOSSES. ' 

Killed, or died from wounds officers, i8; men, 190 

Died from disease, etc " 2 ; " 89 

Wounded, not mortally " 44 ; " 518 

Captured or missing " 3 ; " 190 

BATTLES. 

Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp, 
Glendale, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Bristoe Station, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, 
Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's 
Station, Petersburg (Squirrel Level Road), White Oak Road, Sutherland Station, 
Amelia Court House, Farmville (Cumberland Church), Appomattox. 



EIQHTY=SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel David H. Williams to February 14th, 1863. 
Colonel Isaac C. Bassett to July 13th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment (about) 2,300 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was organized at Washington, July 27th, 1861, 
nine companies being from Philadelphia and one (B) from 
Pittsburgh. It was attached to Graham's Brigade, First Di- 
vision, Fourth Corps. In the course of its history it was con- 
secutively identified with the First Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Corps; 
the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps, and the Third Brigade, 
First Division, Sixth Corps. The division remained on duty in the 
defences of Washington to March loth, 1862, then advancing on Man- 
assas, and a few days later embarked to Fortress Monroe and marched 
up the Peninsula against Yorktown and Williamsburg. At Fair Oaks, 
in its first severe battle, the "82d" lost thirty-two men killed and wounded. 
During June the regiment was engaged in the "change of base," being 
engaged at White Oak Swamp and Glendale. At Malvern Hill, July 
1st, Lieuts. James B. Grier and Mark H. Roberts were killed. In Sep- 
tember the division moved from Harrison's Landing, by transports, to 
re-enforce Gen. Pope. Following the battle of Chantilly the Maryland 
Campaign resulted in the battle of Antietam, the 82d being under fire 
at Sharpsburg. Couch's Division was now transferred to the Sixth 
Corps, with which the regiment fought at Williamsport and in the De- 
cember attack upon Fredericksburg. While in winter quarters Col. Wil- 
liams was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Col. Bassett. 

The campaign of 1863 opened with the Chancellorsville struggle. 
At the second attempt on Fredericksburg the "82d" formed part of the 
assaulting column at Marye's Heights (May 3d), and also fought on 
the same day at Salem (Church, losing heavily. Among the fatally 
wounded was Capt. John H. Delap. 



105 

The evening of July ist, 1863, found the regiment encamped on 
Pipe Creek, near Manchester, Maryland, thirty-seven miles southeast 
from Gettysburg, Here the Sixth Corps began its forced march of 
seventeen hours. In the battles of the 2d and 3d of July the "82d" had 
few casualties. The pursuit of Lee ended with an action near Funks- 
town, July I2th. In the Bristoe Campaign the regiment supported the 
cavalry at Brandy Station, and in November was engaged at Rappa- 
hannock Station and Robertson's Tavern. Part of the regiment re- 
enlisted as a veteran organization while at Brandy Station on January 
1st, 1864, being accorded a furlough home. Those who had not re- 
enlisted were sent with Shaler's Brigade to guard duty at the Johnson's 
Island Prison Camp in Lake Erie. This detachment returned to the 
front in May and participated in the battle of Spotsylvania. The 82d 
Veterans met with its greatest ordeal at Cold Harbor on June 3d, 1864, 
losing there, in killed, wounded and missing, one hundred and seventy- 
three officers and men. Among the killed was Lieut. Robert G. Creigh- 
ton. Crossing the James River on June i6th the brigade was involved 
in the operations in the vicinity of Petersburg until hurried, with the 
Sixth Corps, to the defence of Washington, then threatened by Early. 
The pursuit now led into West Virginia, with actions at Charlestown 
and Halltown. At Halltown the non-veterans completed their term of 
service and were ordered home. The veterans and recruits were organ- 
ized into a battalion of five companies, retaining the regimental number. 
This contingent served under Gen. Sheridan in the final Valley cam- 
paign and through the winter and spring siege of Petersburg. In its 
last battle, at Sailor's Creek, three days before the surrender at Ap- 
pomattox, Lieut. William H. Myers was killed. Following the dispersal 
of the Confederates in Virginia the "82d" marched to Danville and three 
weeks later turned homeward. After the Sixth Corps review at Wash- 
ington on June 8th the battalion was returned to Philadelphia, and on 
July 13th, 1865, was mustered out. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 107 

Died from disease or other causes " 61 

Wounded, not fatally " 21; " 378 

Captured or missing " 52 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Warwick River, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, 
Glendale, Malvern Hill, Chantilly, Antietam, Williamsport, Fredericksburg, 
Franklin's Crossing, Marye's Heights (Fredericksburg), Salem Church, Banks' 
Ford, Gettysburg, Funkstown, Culpeper Court House, Rappahannock Station, 
Mine Run, Robertson's Tavern, Spotsylvania (non-veterans), North Anna, Toto- 
potomoy, Hawe's Shop, Hanover Court House, Cold Harbor, Weldon Rail- 
road, Fort Stevens, Snicker's Gap, Charlestown, Halltown, Winchester, Siege of 
Petersburg, including Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Fort Steadman, Fall of 
Petersburg, Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court House. 



EIQHTY=EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Cameron Light Guards) 

Colonel George P. McLean to December 14th, 1862. 
Colonel George W. Gile to March 2d, 1863. 
Colonel Louis Wagner to June 6th, 1865. 

Philadelphia Companies, C, D, E, F, G, I and K. 

Total Enrollment, 1,400 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was recruited under the title of the "Cameron 
Light Guards," three of its ten companies. A, B and H, coming 
from Reading and vicinity. The first camp (Stokley) was 
located near the Schuylkill river, just below the Wissahickon 
creek, the site, now appropriately marked, being within the present limits 
of Fairmount Park. The companies were mustered in during August 
and September, 1861. The regiment received marfching orders and 
left the city October 5th. Muskets and the regimental number in the 
Pennsylvania line were provided at Alexandria, Va., where the com- 
mand was posted through the fall and part of the winter. Upon Feb- 
ruary 1 8th, 1862, five companies were sent to guard the forts upon 
the Maryland side of the Potomac. Two months later the entire regi- 
ment was ordered to rendezvous at Cloud's Mills, Md., v/here it was 
assigned to Brigadier-General A. Duryea's Brigade, First Corps, 
in company with the 107th Pennsylvania Infantry, On April 15th, 
1862, the "88th" was sent to picket the railroad west of Bull Run. 
Early in May the regiment embarked at Alexandria for Aquia Creek, 
advancing, on the nth, to the Rappahannock river. The tactics of the 
Confederates here defeated the Federal plans. After a return over the 
same route the "88th" was entrained at Alexandria for Manassas. From 
this point, under Maj.-Gen. E. O. C. Ord, the Division started upon a 
march to the Shenandoah Valley, a trying and fruitless expedition, entail- 
ing a loss of about one hundred men upon the regiment, due to exposure 
and exhaustion. At Cedar Mountain, Rickett's Division, of which the 
"88th" was a part, was placed in support of artillery. Pope's arduous 
campaign ended with the second battle of Bull Run. In this terrific 
contest the "88th" lost twenty-eight officers and men killed (including 
Lieut.-Col. Joseph A. McLean and Capt. Belsterling of Company C), 
eighty-five wounded and forty-eight missing. Under Major Gile the 
"88th" marched through Washington on the night of September 5th. 
With brief respite the regiment was hurried to South Mountain and 
Antietam, and reached this historic field with three hundred and fifty 
men. Here the loss was eighteen killed and sixty wounded. During 
the battle, Major Gile being wounded, Capt. H. R. Myers assumed 

106 



107 

command. A few days later the remnant of the "88th" was led by 
Capt. Griffith, of Company H, who commanded until, on October 30th, 
Col. George P. McLean returned to the camp. Soon afterward this 
officer resigned because of ill health. Major George W. Gile was com- 
missioned Colonel and Capt. Louis Wagner Lieut.-Col. Burnside's 
winter campaign against the stronghold of Fredericksburg involved the 
"88th" in the costly assault upon the Confederate right at Franklin's 
Crossing, the regimental loss being seven killed (including Acting Ad- 
jutant Charles H. Kartsher and Lieut. George H. Fulton), and thirty- 
four wounded. After the famous "mud-march" of January, 1863, the 
regiment, now commanded by Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner, who had been 
wounded at Bull Run, August 30, 1862, occupied winter quarters at 
Fletcher's Chapel, Va. The campaign of 1863 began with a brief ad- 
vance, late in April, across the Rappahannock, and a forced march by 
the brigade to the Union right at Chancellorsville. *The march of 
eighteen days to Gettysburg, under Major B. F. Foust, ended upon that 
field on July ist. 

Hurrying from its bivouac of the night before, the First Corps 
was the first body of infantry to reach the scene. Gen. Reynolds, with 
Wadsworth's Division, hastened to the support of Buford's Cavalry, 
northwest of the town. On arrival of Gen. Henry Baxter's Brigade 
it was placed in the line of battle from which, led by the "88th," a charge 
was made, resulting in the capture of many prisoners and three battle flags, 
of which the "88th" brought back twcf Baxter's brigade checked the 
left advance of the Confederates until the Union artillery was withdrawn. 
In the re-alignment of the army, after the arrival of Gen. Hancock, 
at 3 P. M., Baxter's Brigade was placed at Cemetery Hill. During 
the afternoon of the 2d the brigade was sent to the left to assist the 
Third. Corps, but returned after dark to Cemetery Hill. On the third 
day Baxter's Brigade served with the Eleventh, Twelfth and Second 
Corps in turn, and that night was advanced, as the Confederates re- 
treated, on picket duty. The loss of the "88th" was ten killed, fifty- 
four wounded and forty-two missing, out of two hundred and ninety-six 
officers and men engaged. 

Through rain and mud the "88th" now returned to the long deso- 
lated wilds of Virginia. Its subsequent service included almost constant 
movement, hardships and fighting. The regiment re-enlisted on Feb- 

*0n returning from this arduous duty, Lieut.-Col. Wagner was compelled to 
apply for leave of absence by reason of his wounds breaking out anew. Later 
he was assigned to duty at Camp William Penn, Chelten Hills, Pa., for the 
organization of colored troops, and at the conclusion of this duty returned to 
the regiment and was mustered out as Colonel, his commission dating from 
March 3, 1863. 

fThe colors captured by the "88th" were those of the 23d North Carolina and 
I2th Alabama Regiments. The prisoners captured exceeded in numbers the officers 
and men of th* "88th" present in the charge. 



io8 

ruary 6th, 1864, and enjoyed a furlough of two months. The old 
First Corps had been consolidated with the Fifth Corps. Many recruits 
were added. In the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters- 
burg, and Weldon Railroad and through the waning struggle, down to 
Appomattox, the regiment added glory to its colors. In the final cam- 
paign, at Five Forks, the "88th's" last battle, several of the original 
members, including Capt. Thos. J. Koch and Lieut. Daniel J. Lehman, 
were killed or fatally wounded. 

The Fifth Corps remained at Appomattox until April 15th. After 
the surrender the "88th" received an accession of several hundred con- 
scripts. The original members who participated in the Grand Review 
at Washington numbered less than one hundred. The regiment was 
finally mustered out upon June 30th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds ofiScers, 7 ; men, 98 

Died of disease " 72 

Wounded, not mortally " 28 ; " 336 

Captured or missing " 5 ; " 164 

BATTLES. 

Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Second Bull 
Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, 
Wilderness, Spotsylvania. North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold 
Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mills, Boydton Road, Five Forks, 
Appomattox. 



NINETIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Peter Lyle. 
Total Enrollment, 1,600 Officers and Men. 



THE 90th Regiment was a re-organization of the 19th Regiment 
pi the three months service, and the parent command of both 
was the National Guard Regiment, 2d Regiment, First Bri- 
gade, First Division Pennsylvania Militia. On August 29th, 
1861, at a meeting held at the National Guards' Armory, it was resolved 
to tender the services of the regiment to the Government. The War De- 
partment accepted the offer and recruiting was commenced at once. The 
"90th" established Camp McClellan, at Nicetown, and remained there 
through the winter, leaving for Baltimore upon March 31st, 1862, where 
arms were received. Three weeks later the regiment moved to Wash- 
ington, from which six companies were sent to Aquia Creek and four 



109 

companies to Belle Plain. Later the command was brigaded at Fal- 
mouth, Va., as part of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps. 
Near the end of May the Second Division was sent in haste to the Shen- 
andoah Valley, but Jackson's "foot cavalry" had vanished and the troops 
returned to join Pope's army in time to move on Cedar Mountain, where 
the "90th" was first under fire. For two weeks, beginning upon August 
15th, the Second Brigade marched and skirmished up to the battles of 
Gainesville and the Second Bull Run, where the "90th" was depleted by 
about two hundred officers and men in killed, wounded and prisoners. 
The "90th" was in line at Chantilly, but not actively engaged. 
On the way to Antietam the Second Brigade met and repulsed the Con- 
federate force at South Mountain. At Antietam the "90th" lost ninety- 
eight killed and wounded. Among the latter was Col. Lyle, Acting Bri- 
gade Commander. In September the regiment was transferred to the 
First Corps, with which it was identified through the ensuing eighteen 
months. At Fredericksburg the command lost, among those killed, Lieut. 
Charles W. Duke, of Company K, the first officer of the "90th" to perish. 
In the Chancellorsville Campaign the regiment was in the battle line 
upon May 3d, sustaining some loss. Upon the night of June 30th, 
1863, the "90th" camped gladly upon Pennsylvania soil at Marsh Creek, 
arriving in position at Gettysburg to the left of the Cashtown Road when 
the battle was already raging, holding this position until the line was 
forced back through the town to Cemetery Hill, there entrenching. Chap- 
lain Horatio S. Howell was killed in front of the Lutheran Church dur- 
ing the retreat.* The "90th" numbered that morning two hundred and 
eight. All of its loss, a total of ninety-four killed, wounded or captured, 
was suffered in that heroic contest of the "first day" of Gettysburg. 
Among the officers wounded were Capt. John T. Durang and Adj. David 
P. Weaver. The First Corps was nearly destroyed.! In the great drama 
of the second and third days the "90th" had but a minor part. Return- 
ing to thei old Virginia battle region, the opposing armies surged to 
and fro through the autumn and early winter, the devoted regiments 
marching, countermarching, responsive to every alarm. The "90th" added 
Mine Run to its battle list. In the course of the winter the First Corps 
was consolidated with the Fifth Corps, the "90th" being united with 
Maine, Massachusetts and New York troops to form the First Brigade, 
Second Division. 

At intervals the regiment received accessions of recruits, mainly in 
drafted men, most of whom deserted whenever possible to do so. With 
the opening of the Wilderness campaign the regiment met with disaster 
through a confusion of orders, upon May 5th, losing half of its effective 

*A bronze tablet marks the spot where Chaplain Howell, refusing to sur- 
render, was slain. 

fThe First Corps brought to Gettysburg 8,200 officers and men. Its total 
casualties, in killed, wounded and prisoners, amounted to 5^683, leaving less than 
twenty per cent, to answer roll call upon the morning of the 2d of July. 



no 

strength of two hundred and fifty-one men in an unsupported charge. At 
Laurel Hill (Spotsylvania), upon the loth, it again lost heavily, including 
Lieut. Jesse W. Super killed. The small contingent of the "90th" yet 
remaining shared in the fortunes of the brigade (now in the Third Di- 
vision) at Cold Harbor, North Anna and in the vicinity of Petersburg. 
The regiment was now under the command of Capt. William P. Davis. 
Its last important fight was incident to the destruction of the Weldon 
Railroad, south of Petersburg, where Lieut. James S. Bonsall was killed 
and a number of officers and men captured. Upon November 26th, 
while in garrison at Fort Dushane (Weldon Railroad), the regiment's 
term of service ended. Those entitled to discharge were mustered out, 
and upon arrival at Philadelphia were received with great enthusiasm. 
The veterans and recruits were attached to the nth Pennsylvania In- 
fantry. Of the original officers at the time of the discharge, Lieut.-Col. 
William A. Leech and Maj. Jacob M. Davis were in captivity. Eighteen 
field and company officers were mustered out with the regiment or were 
transferred to other commands. Col. Peter Lyle was one of the few 
Philadelphia officers of his rank who were mustered out with their regi- 
ments. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers 5 ; men, 98. 

Died of disease " i ; " 126. 

Wounded, not mortally See. Regt. Hist. 

Captured or missing .' " " " 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Sulphur Springs, Thoroughfare Gap, 
Bull Run, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Fitzhugh House, 
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Todd's Tavern, Spotsylvania, 
Laurel Hill, Guinea Station, North and South Anna, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, 
White Oak Swamp, Petersburg, Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad, Poplar 
Springs, Ream's Station, Hatcher's Run. 




NINETY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Edgar M. Gregory. 
Total Enrollment, 2,100 Officers and Men. 




"^HE 91st Regiment was recruited in Philadelphia during the 
fall of 1861, and was mustered in on December 4th at Camp 
Chase, located east of Darby Road at Fifty-first Street.* On 
January 21st, 1862, the command moved to Washington, being 
there employed in camp routine and provost duty. From April 22d to 
August 23d the "91st" was stationed at Alexandria, Va., of which city 
Colonel Gregory was Military Governor. On the latter date the regiment 
was assigned to the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps. The 
active field service of the regiment began with the hurried march of 
the Fifth Corps to Antietam, the First Brigade arriving after the battle 
had ended. The "91st" was destined, however, to share in the severe 
fighting at Fredericksburg three months later, where the loss in officers 
and men was one of the heaviest inflictions experienced in the course of 
its service. While in line of battle upon the Fredericksburg road the 
regiment was subjected to heavy artillery fire, losing Lieut. George 
Murphy killed and Major Geo. W. Todd mortally wounded. In the 
desperate charge upon the heights later in the day the "91st" lost two 
officers and eighty-seven men killed and wounded. In the battle of 
Chancellorsville, at the opening of the campaign of 1863, Col. Gregory 
was severely wounded, t Capt. Theo. H. Parsons and Lieut. George 
Black were mortally wounded. 

The Fifth Corps reached Gettysburg on the morning of July 2d, and 
the "91st" was posted upon Little Round Top, a position which it occu- 
pied, despite the repeated assaults upon the left of the Union Line 
throughout the day, and which it held to the end of the battle. The 
"91st" now marched and camped alternately, with occasional skirmishes, 
through forty-five days, traversing old battle scenes to the banks of the 
Rappahannock River. 

On December 26th, 1863, nearly all of the regiment re-enlisted, ar- 
riving home on furlough January 3d, 1864, the event being signalized by 

♦Prior to this date a partially organized regiment being formed by Col. 
Edward E. Wallace, and which had been in camp upon Ridge road, was merged 
into the "91st," of which the latter ofKcer became lieutenant-colonel. 

fColonel Gregory remained with the regiment and in the field to the close of 
the war, and afterward, as an officer of the Freedman's Bureau, he served to No- 
vember 30th, 1867. Eventually, he died from the effect of the wound he received in 
this batUe. 

Ill 



112 

parade in: front of Independence Hall.* Six weeks later the command, 
with numerous recruits, rendezvoused at Chester, Pa., leaving for Wash- 
ington, under command of Lieut.-Col. Joseph H. Sinex, and rejoined 
the Fifth Corps, which was soon afterward engaged in the series of 
sanguinary battles between the Wilderness and the James River. Colonel 
Gregory returned to the regiment at Cold Harbor. The "91st" effected 
a crossing of the James River on June 13th, fighting its way to a 
junction with the forces in front of Petersburg, losing eighty-two men 
killed and wounded. Lieut. John Stewart died from wounds received in 
this movement. At this time the veterans and recruits of the 626. Regiment, 
Pennsylvania Infantry, not entitled to discharge, were assigned to the 
"91st." All of the subsequent service of the regiment, covering a period 
of ten months, was experienced south of the James River, the command 
taking part in nearly all of the engagements around Petersburg, including 
the destruction of the Weldon Railroad and the battle of Five Forks. In 
two affairs at Hatcher's Run the regiment lost, respectively, Capt. James 
H. Closson and Lieut. John Edgar, Jr., both of whom died from wounds. 
At Appomattox the regiment was among those detailed to receive the 
arms of the captured Confederates. Turning northward the regiment 
marched through Petersburg and Richmond to Washington. Following 
the Grand Review the "91st" was encamped at Alexandria to July loth, 
where it was mustered out, reaching Philadelphia on July 12th, 1865. In 
the course of its career the regiment experienced frequent brigade and 
division changes, but it fought, throughout, under the Maltese cross of 
the Fifth Corps. t 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 102 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 84 

Wounded, not mortally " 20 ; " 321 

Captured or missing " 0; " 69 

BATTLES. 

Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, 
Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Har- 
bor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Spring Church (Peeble's Farm), Raid on 
Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Second Hatcher's Run, Boydton 
Plank Road, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House. 

*The men who did not re-enlist were transferred to the iSSth Pennsylvania 
Infantry. 

fBadges, distinctive of the several army corps, were issued by general order 
from headquarters of the Army of the Potomac on March 21st, 1863. 

The form of the badge designated the corps. The I divisions of the respective 
corps were distinguished by the color of the badge. The First Division, red; 
Second Division, white; Third Division, blue, etc. Sheridan's Cavalry Corps 
wore a white badge in the pattern of a sun-burst with a blue centre showing 
crossed sabres in gold. Wilson's Cavalry Corps badge was a red banner suspended 
from a rifle and emblazoned with crossed sabres. All of the army corps adopted 
distinctive badges excepting the Thirteenth and Twenty-first Corps. 




CAMP N. P. BANKS, 114TH REGIMENT, COLLIS' ZOUAVES, NICETOWN. July 

and August, 1862. 




CAMP BALLIER, 98TH REGIMENT, RIDGE AVENUE. August and September, 1861. 



NINETY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Gosline's Pennsylvaoia Zouaves) 

Colonel John M. Gosline to June 29th, 1862. 
Colonel Gustavus W. Town to May 3d, 1863. 
Colonel Thomas J. Town to August 6th, 1863. 
Colonel John Harper to July 17th, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 1,962 Officers and Men. 




OMPANY A of the i8th Regiment, in the three-months' service, 
originated in the Washington Blues, a time-honored militia 
organization dating from 1817, of which John M. Gosline was 
captain. After its term of service had ended Capt. Gosline 
with his Lieutenants, Gustavus W. Town, and Thomas J. Town, secured 
authority to recruit a regiment of infantry under the synonym "Penn- 
sylvania Zouaves." Seven weeks later the command was ready for the 
field. All of the companies excepting a part of Company B (which con- 
tained a contingent from Burlington County, N. J.) were recruited in 
Philadelphia. "Camp Gibson" was established in Jones' Woods near 
Hestonville. The regiment was known, numerically, as the "45th."* 
The uniform, of a modified Zouave pattern, was neat and picturesque. 
The regiment paraded through the city on October 12th, dined at the 
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon and at 7 P. M. entrained for 
Washington, where it established camp. On the 24th it paraded as 
escort at the funeral of Col. Edward D. Baker, late commander of the 
"California Brigade." The regiment was attached to Gen. Oliver O. 
Howard's Brigade, but a few days later was ordered to Gen. John 
Newton's Third Brigade of Franklin's Division in the vicinity of Alex- 
andria. The "95th" v^^intered here, and with the opening of the cam- 
paign of 1862, after a preliminary advance toward Richmond, Franklin's 
Division was sent to the Peninsula and first met the enemy at West 
Point at the head of York River. At Gaines' Mills, on June 27th, the 
Pennsylvania Zouaves met with fearful loss. One hundred and sixty- 
nine of its officers and men were killed or wounded. Among those who 
fell mortally wounded were Col. John M. Gosline and Major William 
B. Hubbs. Lieut. Hamilton Donahue was killed. The "95th" shared 
in the subsequent battles and hardships incident to the "change of base," 
and in August returned by transport to Washington, being rushed at 
once to the assistance of Gen. Pope at Manassas, At Crampton's Gap, 
incident to the Antietam Campaign, the "95th" had a little battle of its 
own, capturing many prisoners and gun from a Georgia battery. At 

*It was also numbered the "54th," but when, in the following November, the 
regiment was credited to the State of Pennsylvania it became the "95th." 
8 113 



114 

Antietam Franklin's Division broke the Confederate line and held the 
field at the "Dunker Church." Here the "95th" lost two killed and 
twenty wounded. After the futile demonstration under direction of 
Burnside at Fredericksburg the "95th" built its winter quarters at White 
Oak Church. On April 28th, 1863, two Philadelphia regiments, the 
"119th" and the "95th/' were detailed to cross the Rappahannock River 
below Fredericksburg and protect the operation of building a pontoon 
bridge at the point which was afterward known as Franklin's Crossing, 
and which resulted in the storming of Marye's Heights and the coin- 
cidental battle at Salem Church. In this stubborn and sanguinary fight 
the "95th" lost five oflficers killed, eight wounded, one hundred and 
sixty-nine enlisted men killed and wounded, and thirty-seven men cap- 
tured.* The dead included Col. Gustavus W. Town, Lieut.-Col. EHsha 
Hall and Adjutant Eugene D. Dunton. Major Thomas J. Town was 
wounded. The "95th" shared in the great march of the Sixth Corps 
to Gettysburg, being then under the command of Capt. Theodore H. 
McCalla, and numbering three hundred and fifty-six men. The regi- 
mental casualties at this field were small. 

The campaign through the balance of the year added to the regi- 
mental colors the names of Rappahannock Station and Mine Run. The 
"95th" wintered in a fine camp on the Hazel River. While here two 
hundred and forty-five of the original members re-enlisted, this being 
the first regiment in the Army of the Potomac to veteranize. The 
campaign of 1864, under Gen. Grant, began on May 4th with an advance 
which continued through forty days of almost constant battling, which 
included the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy and 
Cold Harbor. 

The regiment's first experience in this trying period was the loss 
of Lieut.-Col. Edward Carroll, killed, in the Wilderness, on May 5th, 
and a week later, at the "Bloody Angle" near Spotsylvania, where the 
regiment rushed to the support of the right flank of the army and saved 
the day, it was once more terribly depleted of officers and men. 

In this hard-fought, but triumphant, campaign the regiment lost one 
officer and forty-two men killed, five oflEicers and one hundred and twenty- 
three men wounded, of whom eleven afterward died. 

The menace of Early against Washington sent the Sixth Corps hur- 
rying to the defence of the capital. After the affair at Fort Stevens the 
pursuit of the Confederates led into the Shenandoah Valley and resulted 
in the battle of Fisher's Hill. At Middletown, on October 15th, the 
term of service of the non-veteran, original members expired. These 
men were detained and were engaged, on October 20th, in a fight at 

*Ma]*or-Gen. St. Clair A. MulhoUand cites this disaster to the "95th" in his 
book, "Heroism of the American Volunteer," in these words : "This splendid Phila- 
delphia regiment held an advanced position where the fighting was desperate and 
severe. * * The "gsth" ranks with the 20th Massachusetts in having the largest 
number of field and staff officers killed in a battle, each losing six." 



115 

Fisher's Hill, in which several were killed. They were mustered out on 
November 2d. 

The veterans and recruits were organized into a battalion of four 
companies to which were joined a battalion of the 96th Pennsylvania 
Infantry, both under the designation of the 95th Regiment. This re- 
organized command participated in the battle of Cedar Creek, which 
cleared the region of the enemy. It cost the "95th" nine killed and fifty- 
seven wounded and missing. In December the Sixth Corps joined the 
army in front of Petersburg. The "95th" had a share in the active work 
which led up to the end of hostilities in Virginia. At its final battle, 
Sailor's Creek, three days before the surrender, Capt. James J. Carroll 
of Company A, a veteran officer of the original regiment, was killed. 

After a brief period of duty at Danville the regiment proceeded, by 
leisurely marches, to Washington, was mustered out on July 17th, 1865, 
and reached Philadelphia on July 19th, being finally discharged five days 
later.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 1 1 ; men, 172 

Died of disease or other causes " i ; " 72 

Wounded, not mortally " 20 ; " 410 

Captured or missing " — ; " "jd 

BATTLES. 

West Point, Gaines' Mills, Seven Days' Battles, Crampton's Gap, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Franklin's Crossing, Marye's Heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg, 
Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopo- 
tomoy. Cold Harbor, Fort Stevens, Summit Point, Opequon, Fisher's Hill, New 
Market, Cedar Creek, Dabney's Mill, Petersburg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (as- 
sault), Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court House. 



*0n the evening of October 12th, 191 1, survivors of the command held a 
re-union banquet in Philadelphia in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of 
their departure to the war. A majority of the one hundred and thirty-three then 
known to be living were present. 



NINETY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel John F. Ballier to November 26th, 1862. 
Colonel Adolph Mehler to March 12th, 1863. 
Colonel John F. Ballier (re-mustered) to July 13th, 1864. 
Lieut.-Colonel Charles Reen to June 29th, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 2,025 Officers and Men. 



UPON the return of the 21st Regiment o£ the three months' 
service, at the end of July, 1861, Col. Ballier formed, from its 
ranks and with new recruits, the 98th Regiment, which was 
gathered at Camp Ballier. The men were chiefly of German 
origin.* Eight companies left Philadelphia for Washington on September 
30th. Two companies, G and H, joined the command in December. 
The regiment encamped through the winter at Tenallytown, Maryland. On 
March 26th, 1862, the regiment was embarked to Hampton, Va., soon ad- 
vancing as part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Corps, up the 
Peninsula, first coming under fire at Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862. As 
a part of the advance guard of the army the "98th" marched to Me- 
chanicsville, near Richmond, arriving there on May 26th. It thus missed 
the battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines, fought four days later. In 
the "change of base" the regiment skirmished near Fair Oaks, and, on 
July 1st, fought at Malvern Hill, losing about fifty killed, wounded and 
missing. Suffering much from malarial sickness, the regiment marched 
back to Yorktown and proceeded, on transports, to Alexandria, in time 
to assist in covering the retreat from Bull Run. In September, the march 
was made to Antietam, the division arriving after the close of the battle. 
After establishing winter quarters near Falmouth the respite was broken 
by the Burnside movement on Fredericksburg and the subsequent "mud 
march," in January, 1864. 

When Major-Gen. Hooker took command of the Army of the Po- 
tomac the "98th" was transferred to the Third Brigade, Third Division, 
Sixth Corps. With this historic corps the regiment fought at Marye's 
Heights and Salem Heights (both on May 3d). Here Col. Ballier was 
wounded and the command reverted to Lieut.-Col. George Wynkoop. 
Upon the 4th the regiment was again in action near Bank's Ford, losing 
twenty-nine officers and men killed and wounded. 

At Gettysburg the Third Brigade was posted near Little Round Top 
in the rear of Sickles' position and near the Trostle house. Here, being 
out of direct gun fire, it was subject to few losses. After the close of 
the campaign of 1863, at Mine Run, on December 2d, the regiment 
established winter quarters at Brandy Station. At this time the com- 



*Conipany A was the exception, most of its members being Irishmen. 

116 



117 

mand numbered but three hundred and twenty-nine; of these, all but 
one hundred re-enlisted on December 23d. In January the "98th" was 
removed to Charlestown, West Virginia. Soon afterward, leaving the 
contingent not re-enlisted at Harper's Ferry, the regiment went to 
Philadelphia, on furlough. Again in the field, under Col. John F. Ballier, 
at the opening of the Wilderness Campaign, the regiment suffered re- 
peated losses at Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy 
and Cold Harbor. In five weeks the casualties were three officers and 
twenty-four men killed, six officers and one hundred and two men 
wounded. 

At Petersburg the regiment assisted in the first Weldon Railroad 
movement, after which the Sixth Corps was hurried upon transports to 
Washington, joining the Nineteenth Corps, just arrived from New Or- 
leans, in defending the Capital and its forts from threatened capture 
by Early. At Fort Stevens, a few miles north of Washington, Early's 
column was repulsed on July I2tli and the crisis was averted. In this 
affair the "98th" lost thirty-six officers and men killed and wounded. 
Among the latter was Col, Ballier. In the Shenandoah campaign which 
followed, at Opequon, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek (Sheridan's Ride) 
two officers and nineteen men were killed, six officers and fifty-six men 
wounded. In January, 1865, the remnant of the "98th" left its camp, 
near Winchester, to again join in the siege of Petersburg. The regiment 
was now commanded by Lieut.-Col. Charles Reen. This officer was 
severely wounded on April 2d in a skirmish which cost the regiment still 
further losses. After the surrender at Appomattox seven hundred 
drafted men and substitutes were assigned to the regiment, and it was 
sent forward to Danville.* Following Johnston's surrender to Sherman, 
the "98th" marched to Washington, where it was mustered out on June 
29th. The veterans were received at Philadelphia with great rejoicing 
among the Germans and the citizens generally. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 9 ; men, 1 12 

Died of disease " i; " 72 

Wounded, not mortally " 29 ; " 329 

Captured or missing " 54 

BATTLES. 

Yorktown, Williamsburg, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, 
Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spot- 
sylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens, 
Opequon, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, Petersburg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (as- 
sault), Sailor's Creek, Appomattox. 

*The conscripts and substitutes were without weapons upon this march, but 
nevertheless added greatly to the work of the veterans, who were obliged to 
watch both these unwilling warriors and the scattered parties of now irresponsible 
Confederates. 



NINETY=NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Romaine Lujeane to November 7th, 1861. 
Colonel Thomas W. Sweeney to January 24th, 1862. 
Colonel Peter Fritz to June loth, 1862. 
Colonel Asher S. Leidy to April 9th, 1864. 
Colonel Edwin R. Biles to July ist, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 2,140 Officers and Men. 




ECRUITING for this regiment was authorized in July, 1861, and 
three companies, A, B and C, were ordered to Washington, as 
a part of the 32d Regiment, on August 8th, under command 
of Romaine Lujeane, an Italian officer, who soon afterward 
resigned. The balance of the command was mustered in at various 
dates to January i8th, 1862, being forwarded in detachments, A large 
proportion of the men had served in the three months' campaign. By 
the addition of two companies of the 66th Regiment, which became H 
and K of the "99th," the regiment was fully organized. Col. Thomas W. 
Sweeney and Lieut.-Col. William P. Seymour, the accredited organizers, 
resigned in January, and Peter Fritz was commissioned colonel. Colonel 
Fritz was placed in command of a chain of forts forming the southern 
defences of Washington, among which the companies were distributed. 
Colonel Fritz resigned June loth, 1862, and Lieut.-Col. Asher S. Leidy 
was commissioned to succeed. The "99th" joined the Army of the 
Potomac at Harrison's Landing, on July 4th, 1862, being attached to 
the Second Brigade, First Division, Third Corps. Following a series 
of movements, the Third Corps participated in the battles of the second 
Bull Run and Chantilly. 

At the first advance on Fredericksburg, December 13th, the "99th" 
crossed the river on the left under Franklin, and amid desperate fighting 
lost sixty officers and men killed and wounded. In the Chancellorsville 
campaign Birney's Division, Third Corps, executed a notable charge by 
moonlight, and later covered the retreat of the army. 

The "99th," under command of Major John W. Moore,* made the 
forced march to the field of Gettysburg from Emmitsburg, making its 
bivouac on the night of July ist in the Peach Orchard. In the forma- 
tion of the troops in front of Little Round Top on the 2d, the position 
of the "99th" was near the Devils' Den. Here the "99th" defended its 
position gallantly until relieved by a division of the Fifth Army Corps, 
then pushing forward, in support of Webb's Brigade of the Second Corps, 
to the Emmitsburg Pike, where it remained until the morning of July 

*In September, 1864, Major John W. Moore was commissioned colonel of 
the 203d Regiment, and was killed on January isth, 1865, in the final assault on 
Fort Fisher, N. C. 

1x8 



119 

4th.* The official report indicates that the "99th" reached Gettysburg 
with three hundred and thirty-nine officers and men, losing in killed, 
wounded and missing one hundred and ten. 

In the southward march the "99th" took part in the battle of 
Wapping Heights. For nearly three months the regiment rested in camp 
among the foot-hills of the Blue Ridge, and then, on October loth, it 
was put in motion and was engaged in the Kelly's Ford and Mine Run 
campaign. 

In February, 1864, the majority of the men re-enlisted. Upon 
return from furlough, on April 7th, 1864, the old Third Corps having 
been consolidated with the Second Army Corps, the "99th" became a part 
of Birney's Division. 

On April 9th, Colonel Leidy resigned and was succeeded by Lieut.- 
Col. Edwin R. Biles. Now the army under Grant, its new commander, 
made its last crossing of the Rapidan. The great forward march, which 
was to know no retreat, was commenced. The "99th" started, in this 
campaign, with three hundred and twenty-five officers and men. At 
Spotsylvania it captured two cannons, two battle-flags and many prisoners, 
but it reached Cold Harbor with but four officers and sixty men. Here 
the thin line was strengthened by the accession of the veterans and 
recruits of the 26th Regiment. Thus reinforced, with the brigade, the 
"99th" crossed the James River and was merged in the host of besiegers 
around Petersburg. Late in July the Second Corps was sent to check a 
Confederate movement at Deep Bottom, a second tour to this troublesome 
point being necessary in August. Thereafter the fighting was all south 
of the James River. In the two weeks preceding the surrender of the 
rebel forces, as far as General Lee's army was concerned, the regiment 
lost, near Appomattox, seventy-six men killed and wounded. Many of 
these were from a contingent of drafted men received on March 26th. 

Marching to Washington, the "99th" participated in the Grand 
Review, and upon July ist, 1865, was mustered out at Philadelphia. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 9 ; men, 124 

Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 117 

Wounded, not mortally " 29 ; " 412 

Captured or missing " 2 ; " 155 

BATTLES. 

Bull Run (second), Chantilly, White's Ford, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, 
Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry 
Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Springs Church, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's 
Run, Petersburg (Watkin's House), Amelia Springs, Appomattox Court House. 

*When the regiment reached the pike it was deployed as skirmishers and 
videttes sent forward in charge of Lieut. S. Bonnafifon, Jr. During the night of the 
3d or the early morning of the 4th they discovered evidence that the enemy was 
retreating or preparing to retreat, and so reported. 



ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Curtin Light Guards) 

Colonel Henry J. Stainrook to May 3d, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Lewis W. Ralston to April 12th, 1864. 
Total Enrollment, 1,055 Officers and Men. 



UPON the return from service of the 22d Regiment in the three 
months' enlistment, Capt. Henry J. Stainrook, of Company C, 
was commissioned as colonel of volunteers, and began the forma- 
tion of a new regiment for the three years' term. Eight of the 
ten companies were raised in Philadelphia. 

Headquarters were established in the Globe Hotel, on Sixth street, 
below Chestnut street, and later a camp was formed at Nicetown. Re- 
porting at Washington, upon May loth, 1862, the regiment was assigned 
to Cooper's Brigade, Second Division, Bank's Corps, and encamped at 
Bolivar Heights, Virginia, then threatened by Jackson's column of Con- 
federates. Here the regiment first encountered the enemy. Upon June 
2d the brigade was sent to the Army of the Shenandoah, being assigned 
to Prince's Brigade, Auger's Division, Banks' Corps, Army of Northern 
Virginia. With this force the "109th" fought at Cedar Mountain, August 
9th, 1862. Col. Stainrook was wounded here, but remained in the field, 
later acting as commander of the brigade at Antietam, where, how- 
ever, the "109th" was not actively engaged. 

In September, following the last named battle, the regiment was as- 
signed to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, and again 
stationed at Bolivar Heights. In November it was joined to the Third 
Brigade of the same division and corps. The only special event of the win- 
ter in the experience of the regiment was the ever remembered "mud 
march." In April, 1863, the "109th" was returned to the Second Brigade, 
which was composed of the 109th, iiith, 124th and 125th Pennsylvania 
Regiments. At the series of battles of May ist to 4th, 1863, known as 
"Chancellorsville," the "109th" lost heavily, including its brave and 
efficient Colonel (Stainrook), who was killed upon May 3d by a sharp- 
shooter. 

Upon the night of June 30th, 1863, the Twelfth Corps camped at 
Littlestown, Pa., about twelve miles east from Gettysburg, resuming 
its march upon the morning of July ist. At Two Taverns, a point 
two miles from Gettysburg, upon the Baltimore Pike, the Second Brigade 
was halted to rest. Resuming the march, it filed to the left, halting on 
Little Round Top for the night. The "109th," mustering one hundred 
and forty-nine officers and men, was marched early the following morn- 
ing with the brigade to a position at the extreme right upon the Rock 
Creek slope of Gulp's Hill, where it fortified and awaited the enemy. 

120 



121 

The fighting here began in the evening, continued all night and well 
into the morning of the third. The crash of cannon-fire, rattle of 
musketry and the burning woodlands through the hours of darkness gave 
no rest to the Union army. The final charge of the Confederates, 
at this point, ended at 11.30 A. M. on the third, with their repulse. 
The "109th" was then stationed along Baltimore Pike to the end of 
the battle. At Williamsport, Maryland, on July 12th,, the retreating 
enemy was just in front, but the opportunity to then and there wage a 
final battle and probably hasten peace was lost. 

At the end of September the Twelfth Corps was ordered, under 
Major-Gen. Hooker, to the Army of the Cumberland, being combined with 
the Eleventh Corps to form the Twentieth Corps. During October the 
"109th" was engaged in the movements of approach to Chattanooga. Upon 
the night of October 28th, six regiments of infantry and a section of 
Knap's battery, including the 29th, 109th and iiith Pennsylvania Regi- 
ments, were attacked at Wauhatchie, a railroad junction five miles west 
of Chattanooga, by a superior force of the enemy. In a fierce battle 
of three hours, at 3 A. M., October 29th, the assailants were defeated 
with heavy loss. The casualties of the "109th" were four (one officer 
and three enlisted men) killed and thirty wounded. The command also 
fought at Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. In January, 1864, 
the regiment re-enlisted and was sent on furlough to Philadelphia. The 
"109th" rejoined the division on May 5th as a part of the First Brigade. 

Gen. Sherman's Georgia campaign now began. Marching south- 
ward one hundred miles, the army fought its "one hundred days of 
battles." The "109th" lost most heavily at Resaca and Pine Knob. 
The heavy fighting ended with the fall of Atlanta. Then ensued the 
great march to Savannah and, with the beginning of 1865, northward 
through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, N. C, upon March 31st, the 
depleted "109th" was consolidated with the iiith Regiment. 

With the surrender of the last armed force of the enemy the 
"iiith" was marched to Washington, and mustered out on July 19th, 
the veterans of the old "109th" reaching home upon the following day. 



TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 62 

Died of disease or other causes officers, o ; men, 58 

Wounded, not mortally officers, 12 ; men, 180 

Captured or missing officers, 3 ; men, 42 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Harper's Ferry, Cedar Mountain, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, Wau- 
hatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine 
Knob, Kennesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, the Savannah Campaign, 
and the Campaign of the Carolinas. 



ONE HUNDRED AND TENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel William D. Lewis, Jr., to December 20th, 1862. 
Colonel James Crowther to May 3d, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. David M. Jones to October 9th, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Isaac Rogers to May 28th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Enoch E. Lewis to June i6th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Frank B. Stewart to June 8th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,475 Officers and Men, 




"^HIS regiment was organized from six companies recruited west 
of the Susquehanna and four companies, E, F, G and I, from 
Philadelphia. It was mustered in on October 24th, 1861, and 
rendezvoused at Camp Curtin. Col. William D. Lewis, of Phila- 
delphia, had held the same rank in the i8th Regiment of the three 
months' service. On January 4th, 1862, the regiment reported to Brig.- 
Gen. Frederick West Lander, then at Hancock, Maryland, where the 
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was threatened. The regiment was as- 
signed to Tyler's Third Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps (Banks). 
Early in March the "iioth" moved to Winchester, near which, on the 
23d, the division, now commanded by Brig.-Gen. James Shields (Gen. 
Lander having died), fought the battle of Kernstown, in which the 
regiment won great praise, in special orders, for gallantry. Out of 
three hundred present the loss was fifty-two killed and wounded. Near 
Fredericksburg, in June, the regiment was assigned to the Fourth Brigade, 
Second Division, Third Corps, and with this corps was sent to the 
Shenandoah Valley, disputing the Confederate advance at Port Republic 
and Front Royal. The Fourth Brigade was on duty near Alexandria 
and at Warrenton, W. Va. The "iioth" was now assigned to the 
Fourth Brigade, Second Division, and, under Gen. Pope, fought at Cedar 
Mountain, Thoroughfare Gap and Manassas. During the Antietam cam- 
paign the regiment was stationed in the defences of Washington, and 
was present, under Gen. Franklin, in the battle of December 13th, at 
Fredericksburg, losing heavily. Upon the 23d Col. Lewis resigned be- 
cause of disability, and Lieut.-Col. Crowther succeeded him. During 
the winter the regiment was reorganized as a battalion of six companies. 
In the Chancellorsville campaign of May, 1863, Col. Crowther was killed 
and nearly half of the regiment were killed, wounded or captured. The 
heavy losses of the Third Corps resulted in a readjustment, in which 
the "iioth" was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, com- 
manded by Major-Gen. David B, Birney. In the great movement to 
head off Gen. Lee from the invasion of Pennsylvania the Third Corps 
was already lined up along Pipe Creek, fifteen miles south of Gettysburg 
(a point proposed by Gen, Meade for the expected battle), when informa- 

122 



123 

tion impelled Gen. Sickles to hurry to the support of the First and Eleventh 
Corps. The Third Brigade was, however, left at Emmitsburg. It was 
nearly noon upon the 2d of July when the "iioth" got into the battle 
line, its position being at the Peach Orchard, the storm center of the 
Confederate assault of the afternoon. Here Col. Jones was wounded 
and Major Isaac Rodgers took command. When the regiment was 
relieved and fell back to the main line it had lost fifty-three killed and 
wounded out of one hundred and fifty-two officers and men present. 

The "iioth," now numbering but little more than the strength of a 
single company, was subjected to much active work during the fall 
in the Rapidan and Mine Run movements. In January, 1864, the regi- 
ment re-enlisted, and, after the usual furlough, was recruited and drilled 
in preparation for the coming campaign. The brigade was transferred 
to the 2d Corps (Hancock's), and Lieut.-Col. Isaac Rodgers was com- 
missioned colonel. Six days of battles in the Wilderness now ensued, 
during which the regiment again lost heavily. Col. Rodgers was mor- 
tally wounded on May 12th. The way to Petersburg was attended with 
constant skirmishes and battles, but the Second Corps crossed the James 
River on June 14th, appearing in front of Petersburg, and was at once 
sent into the cauldron of battle. Here the "iioth" was reinforced by 
the veterans and recruits of the 115th Regiment. With this welcome 
accession the "iioth" remained among the trenches and forts at Peters- 
burg for the ensuing eleven months. In that long period of watching and 
waiting the Second Corps crossed the James River upon two occasions, 
in both of which the enemy was met and beaten at Deep Bottom. In an 
attack upon Fort Steadman, made by the Confederates, upon March 
25th, 1865, Lieut.-Col. Isaac C. Hamilton was severely wounded, and 
the command devolved upon Major Frank B. Stewart, who was later 
commissioned colonel, the last of the regiment's leaders. At Amelia 
Springs, on April 5th, the enemy was once more encountered. This was 
the regiment's twenty-sixth and last battle. The "iioth" participated 
in the Grand Review and was mustered out upon June 28th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. (Philadelphia Companies.)* 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 16 

Died from disease or other causes " 18 

Wounded, not mortally " I ; " 13 

Captured or missing " 9 

BATTLES. 

Hancock, Kernstown, Front Royal, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Thorough- 
fare Gap, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Auburn, 
Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, 
Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Spring Church, 
Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg (Watkins' House), Amelia Springs, 
Appomattox Court House (surrender). 

*Not including Company G, of which muster rolls are not on file. 



INDEPENDENT CORPS, ZOUAVES D'AFRIQUE, INFANTRY 

Captain Chari^es H. T. Collis. 



T 



^ g ^ HIS company included many French soldiers who had served 
as Zouaves in the campaigns of France and who had been 
identified with the i8th Regiment, in the three months' service. 
It was recruited at Philadelphia by Charles H. T. Collis, 
proposing to serve as a bodyguard to Major-Gen. N. P. Banks. The 
uniform adopted was that of the French Zouaves d'Afrique and was 
retained by the corps and by the 114th Regiment, to which it was later 
attached, throughout the war. 

The corps was mustered in and sent to Fort Delaware on August 
17th, 1861, where it was thoroughly drilled in zouave tactics. Late in 
September the Zouaves reported to Gen. Banks, at Darnestown, Md. 
After a period of guard duty the corps went into winter quarters. In 
the spring of 1862 the command served, for a short time, with Geary's 
Independent Brigade and then rejoined Gen. Banks in the Shenandoah 
Valley. In a number of battles and skirmishes, including Middletown, 
Cedar Mountain, second Bull Run, Chantilly and Antietam, the Zouaves 
had shown those qualities of dash and bravery for which this type of 
infantry is usually famous. After the affair at Middletown, Capt. Collis 
was commissioned colonel and detailed to proceed to Philadelphia and 
recruit his command to a full regiment. With nine fully uniformed 
companies he arrived at Washington upon August 31st, 1862. The 
original company in the field, from which many of the officers of the 
new regiment were selected, became Company A. (See 114th Regiment.) 



ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Collis Zouaves) 

CoivONEL Charles H. T. Collis. 
Total Enrollment, 1,100 Officers and Men. 



THE single company of Zouaves d'Afrique which Capt. Collis 
had recruited and led to war one year before, formed the 
basis as Company A of the Zouave regiment raised in Phila- 
delphia in the summer of 1862, and which as the 114th In- 
fantry left the city upon September ist. At Washington this command 
was encamped at Fort Slocum, but soon afterward was assigned to the 
First Brigade, First Division, of the Third Corps, then commanded by 

124 



125 

Major-Gen. David B. Birney. The Zouaves received their "baptism of 
fire" on December 13th, when the division was rushed across the Rappa- 
hannock river, at FrankHn's Crossing, below Fredericksburg, to the assist- 
ance of the Pennsylvania Reserves. The loss of the "114th" was twelve 
killed and seventeen wounded.* The Third Corps appeared in front of 
Fredericksburg again in January, 1863 (Burnside's "Mud March"), 
and a third time at the end of April, at the beginning of the Chancellors- 
ville campaign, crossing the river, however, at United States Ford, about 
ten miles above the city. In the battle of May 3d the Zouaves fought 
with heroic persistence, finally retiring with a loss of one hundred and 
seventy-three killed and wounded. Of the twenty-seven officers present 
only three escaped death or wounds. Among those killed were Maj. 
Joseph S. Chandler and Capt. Frank A. Elliott of Co. F. The survivors 
returned after this bitter experience to camp at Falmouth. 

The Third Corps reached Gettysburg after the close of the fighting 
upon July 1st, and was ordered to the left of the new line of battle, then 
being extended to the Round Tops. On the morning of the 2d Gen. 
Sickles advanced a portion of his corps, including the "114th," to and 
across the Emmettsburg Pike to the right of the Peach Orchard, under 
the command of Lieut. -Col. Fred. F. Cavada. The Zouaves were a fair 
mark for the rebel pickets during the morning and for the artillery fire 
that preceded the infantry attack later in the day. The Confederates 
surged along the line like a billow sweeping a stormy beach, reaching 
the front of the "114th" when the Zouaves were forced backward, some, 
including Lieut.-Col. Cavada, in command, being captured. The regiment 
re-formed under Maj. Edward R. Bowen, took a new position in front 
of the Taneytown Road, but was not again heavily engaged in the course 
of the battle. The regimental losses were nine men killed, one officer 
and eighty-five men wounded, three officers and fifty-seven men captured 
or missing. Four of the wounded men subsequently died from their in- 
juries. Those captured were near the Sherfy House. 

Through the fall and winter of 1863-4 Maj. Bowen continued in 
command, Col. Collis being in command of the brigade. The regiment 
shared the fortunes of the Third Corps in its marching and fighting, in- 
cluding battles along the Rappahannock. 

In April, 1864, the "114th" was honored by selection as the first 
of six regiments of infantry and one regiment of cavalry organized as 
an independent brigade for duty at the headquarters of Gen. Meade. 
Col. Collis was appointed commander of this body of troops. This duty 
continued until March 15th, 1865, and involved the assistance of other 
troops in action, while the elite brigade from headquarters was expected 
to exhibit a high standard of gallantry. 

* An incident following the battle was the capture of the regimental band of 
seventeen pieces, with their instruments. The unfortunate musicians were eventually 
exchanged, and being provided with new instruments, remained with the regiment 
to the end of the war. (Bates' History, vol. 3, page 1 185.) 



126 

In the final weeks of activity around Petersburg the "114th" was 
engaged in the storming of the Confederate works on April 2d, and, during 
the pursuit, at Sailor's Creek. At the affair of the 2d, three veteran 
officers who had originally served in the Zouaves d'Afrique of 1861 lost 
their lives. They were Capt. A. J. Cunningham, Company A, Maj. Henry 
M. Eddy,* and First-Lieut. Edward T. Marion, Company I. 

After the Appomattox surrender the "114th" was transferred to 
the Fifth Corps, with which the Zouaves marched to Washington, where 
they were mustered out on May 29th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 83. 

Died of disease or other causes " i ; " 35. 

Wounded, not mortally " 16 ; " 261. 

Captured or missing " 4 ; " 122. 

BATTLES. 

(Including those of the Zouaves d'Afrique, afterward Company A, prior to the 
organization of the regiment.) 

Middletown, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorville, Get- 
tysburg, Wapping Heights, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Mine Run, Wilderness, Guinea's 
Station, Petersburg. 



ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Robert E. Patterson to December 2d, 1862. 
Colonel F. A, Lancaster to May 3d, 1863. 

Total Enrollment, 859 Officers and Men. 



IN November, 1861, Col. Robert E. Patterson began the organization 
of this regiment, the earlier recruits being placed in camp at 
Hestonville. In March the command was encamped at Camden, 
N. J. On May 31st the eight Philadelphia companies. A, B, C, E, F. 
H, I and K moved to Harrisburg, where they were met by the "up 
State" companies and assigned to guard duty over prisoners. On June 
25th the regiment was ordered to Fortress Monroe, and thence to Har- 
rison's Landing, being there assigned to the Third Brigade, Second Di- 
vision, Third Corps. With the exception of the "115th" the Third Brigade 
was composed of New Jersey troops. On August 4th the regiment ad- 
vanced with Hooker's Division to Malvern Hill and there first came 
under fire. With the end of the McClellan movement the regiment 
marched to Yorktown, embarked for Alexandria and joined in Pope's 
campaign, during which it participated in the battles at Bristoe Station, 
where Jackson's raiders were defeated, at the Second Bull Run (August 

* Maj. Eddy was commissioned but not mustered. 



127 

29th) and at Chantilly. During the Antietam campaign the regiment 
was stationed in the defences near Washington. In the first Burnside 
advance upon Fredericksburg the "115th," temporarily in command of 
Lieut.-Col. Olmstead of the 2d New York Infantry, was under heavy 
and long continued fire in the course of Hooker's attack, near Franklin 
Crossing. After the trying experience of the "mud march" Col. Olm- 
stead was relieved and Lieut.-Col. Lancaster was commissioned colonel.* 
At the opening of the battle. May 3dj Col. Lancaster was killed at 
the head of his regiment. Under command of Major John P. Dunne 
the "115th" pushed on and assisted in the capture of two stands of 
colors and many prisoners. The regimental loss in killed, wounded 
and missing was one hundred and eleven, including five officers killed 
or mortally wounded, and three officers wounded, not mortally. At 
Gettysburg the "115th," then mustering but one hundred and eighty-two 
officers and men, shared the experiences of the Third Corps in the 
actions in front of Little Round Top, on July 2d, losing three men 
killed, eighteen wounded and three missing. The struggling armies now 
surged back to the old, blood-stained fields and wilds of Virginia, 
marching, skirmishing and camping by the way; to and fro across the 
fords of the Rapidan the Third Corps advanced and retreated. After 
the brief Mine Run campaign the "115th" encamped for the winter at 
Brandy Station. In March the Third Corps was discontinued. The 
old Second Division was transferred to the Second Corps. A new gen- 
eral from the west set the bugles calling in May and the army was put 
in motion. The objective point was Petersburg, and the fighting on the 
way was terrific. In the Wilderness, at Spotsylvania, on the North 
Anna and at Cold Harbor the "115th" gained glory and lost men. After 
five weeks of this final battling upon the old fighting ground the "115th" 
crossed the James River and advanced to Petersburg. Grant was there 
to stay. The wasted regiments were revised. Of the "115th" but seven 
officers and eighty-four men remained in the field. It was consolidated 
into three companies and attached to the iioth Regiment, the field and 
staff officers being mustered out on June 23d, 1863. The subsequent 
service of the veterans and recruits, thus transferred, is a part of the 
story of the "iioth." 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed, or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 32 

Died from disease " 2 ; " 40 

BATTLES. 

Malvern Hill (2d), Bristoe Station, Groveton, Bull Run (2d), Chantilly, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North 
Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor. 

*Colonel Patterson had been detailed to duty in charge of drafted men at 
Philadelphia in November. Continued disability led to his resignation soon after- 
w^ard. Colonel Lancaster recovered from his wounds and rejoined the regiment in 
April, 1862. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Dennis Heenan to December 13th, 1862. 
Colonel St. Clair A. Mulholland to June 6th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,660 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was recruited in the summer of 1862, during 
which time it was in camp at Jones' Woods on the Lancaster 
Pike. The command was mustered in on September ist, leaving 
the following day for Washington, where arms, the old style 
musket, and camp equipage were furnished. On the 6th the regiment 
moved to Rockville, Md. A month later, at Harper's Ferry, the "ii6th" 
was attached to Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher's Irish Brigade, Han- 
cock's First Division, Second Corps.* 

On the way to Fredericksburg in early November the Second Corps 
skirmished at Snicker's Gap and Charlestown, Va. Reporting to Major- 
Gen. Burnside, in front of Fredericksburg, the "11 6th" crossed the river 
to the attack on the 12th, and on the following morning participated in 
the historic assault upon Marye's Heights, in which the sacrifice of the 
regiment included Lieut. Christian Foltz, killed; Lieut. Robert B. Mont- 
gomery, fatally wounded ; Major George H. Bardwell, Capt. S. G. 
Willauer, Lieut. Robert T. Maguire, Lieut. Garrett Nowlen and Capt. 
John O'Neill, wounded. The losses of the rank and file were twenty- 
three killed and fifty-three wounded. 

At the battle of Chancellorsville a detail of one hundred men of 
the "ii6th" saved five guns of the 5th Maine Battery from between 
the lines, a gallant act which added much to the fame of the command. 

On June 14th, 1863, the Second Corps began its two-hundred-mile 
march, ending at Gettysburg. The marching record of June 29th to 
Uniontown, Pa., was thirty-three miles. The "ii6th" reached Gettys- 
burg late on the evening of July ist, now rated as a battalion, taking 
position on Cemetery Ridge. Following the attack upon Sickles' front on 
the 2d, the "ii6th," which had been marched with the brigade to the 
ground in front of Little Round Top. advancing, met the enemy at close 
quarters and effected the capture of a large number of prisoners. That 
evening the battalion returned to its first position, which it occupied dur- 
mg the final Confederate charge on the 3d. The battalion lost a total of 
thirty-seven killed, wounded and missing out of one hundred and 
sixty-five officers and men present.! On August 13th, 1863, the orders 

*The First Division of the Second Corps lost, in the course of the war, 2,287 
killed, 11,724 wounded and 4,833 captured or missing — a total of 18.844, not includ- 
ing fatalities from sickness. 

fAddress of brevet Major-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Gettysburg, September 
nth, 1889. 

128 



129 

came that regimental status of the "ii6th" was to be restored. Major 
Mulholland and other officers were ordered to Philadelphia to secure 
recruits. During the period of Major Mulholland's absence the com- 
mand devolved upon Senior Capt. Seneca Grubb Willauer.* 

Incident to the gradual southward movement subsequent to Gettys- 
burg the Second Corps, and especially the Irish Brigade, marched and 
fought through the autumn and early winter, its greatest achievement 
being participation in a rear-guard march of seventy-six miles in fifty- 
six hours, in the course of which it fought two battles in one day, respec- 
tively at Auburn and Bristoe Station, guarding the reserve artillery, the 
army baggage and capturing two colors, five guns and four hundred and 
fifty prisoners. After the trying Mine Run campaign, the battalion went 
into winter quarters. In February Capt. Garrett Nowlen became tem- 
porary commander. The regimental formation was restored on May 3d, 
1864, when Major Mulholland, having secured his recruits, resumed com- 
mand with the rank of colonel, ready to follow General Grant, the new 
head of the Army. Then followed the historic series of battles, begin- 
ning with the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor and 
lesser combats, and then across the James River to the investment of 
Petersburg, leaving all along the trail the graves of comrades fallen in 
the awful carnage. Lieut.-Col. Richard C. Dale and Lieut. Henry Kiel 
were killed at Spotsylvania, The officers wounded included Col. Mul- 
holland, Capts. Frank Leib, F. E. Crawford, Charles Coslett, and 
Lieuts. Louis Sacriste, Robert J. Alston, S. G. Vanderheyden, John 
C. Wright, Zadoc B. Springer and Joseph W. Yocum. Of the enlisted 
men fifty were killed, one hundred and twenty were wounded and thirty 
were missing. 

In its first assault at Petersburg the "ii6th" carried the Confederate 
works at a loss of many killed, wounded and missing. At this time the 
regiment was detached from the Irish Brigade and became a part of the 
Fourth Brigade, then commanded by Gen. John R. Brooke, t The hard- 
ships and monotony of life in the trenches gave a welcome zest to the 
frequent battles on either side of the James River. In the course of the 
ten months occupied in the reduction of the Confederate citadel the regi- 
ment lost, among its numerous members slain, Capts. Garrett Nowlen, 
Samuel Taggart and Henry D. Price. The "ii6th" made its last fights 
in the four battles of the first week in April, 1865, and was not only 
witness of the scene at Appomattox, but first to receive the news of the 
surrender. After the Grand Review the remnant of the regiment arrived 
home and was mustered out on June 6th, 1865. Brevet Major-Gen. St. 

*Acting Major Seneca Grubb Willauer commanded the Ii6th Battalion from 
August i.'^th, 1863, to February 5th, 1864, when he was transferred to the Veteran 
Reserve Corps, U. S. A. 

fMajor-Gen. John R. Brooke, retired from the regular service in 1903, sur- 
vives at the time this book is in course of publication, an honored member of the 
military order of the Loyal Legion. 

9 



130 

Clair A. Mulholland, ,' riding at the head of his veterans, was the only 
original officer to be present in the line. 

TOTAL LOSSES* 

Killed or died from wounds officers, lo ; men, 141 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 86 

Wounded, not mortally " 31 ; " 307 

Captured or missing " 7 ; " io6t ' 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Charlestown, Snicker's Gap, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Falling Waters, Auburn, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Morton's Ford, Wilderness, 
Todd's Tavern, Po River, Spotsylvania, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna, 
Pamunky River, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor; assaults on Petersburg, Williams' 
Farm; Siege of Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Strawberry Plains, Reams' Station, 
Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mills, Gravelly Run, Sunderland Station, Amelia Court 
House, Sailors' Creek, Farmville, Appomattox. 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Charles M. Prevost to September 30th, 1863. 
Colonel James Gwyn to June ist, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 1,296 Officers and Men. 



tf 



"^ HE patriotic resolution of the Corn Exchange, of Philadelphia, 
adopted at a meeting held upon July 24th, 1862, under which 
immediate action was taken for the formation of a regiment 
of infantry and its equipment, resulted in the rendezvous, one 
month later, at Camp Union, near the Falls of Schuylkill, of the historic 
command which, nearly one thousand strong, went forth as the ii8th 
Regiment. To accomplish this result the Corn Exchange offered the 
inducement of a liberal bounty, and provided each recruit with articles of 
comfort not usually furnished by 'the Government. Many of the officers 
had previously seen service in earlier commands. J 

*The figures relating to oflficers are taken from the Regimental History, 
brevet Maj.-Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland. The record of losses in enlisted men 
are from the official records of the Adjutant General of the Army. 

tOf those captured forty-five died in the Southern prisons. 

JCapt. Frank A. Donaldson had formerly served as an officer in the 71st 
Regiment and was among those vi^ho were made prisoners of war at the action 
of Ball's Bluff. 



131 

The regiment left Philadelphia upon September ist, 1862, reaching 
Washington the following day, and was attached to the First Brigade, 
First Division, Fifth Corps. A few days later the Fifth Corps was started 
upon its trying march through Maryland, which ended at Antietam. Here 
the "ii8th" was placed in support of artillery and was not actually in- 
volved. 

Three days after the battle the regiment participated in a reconnais- 
sance, crossing the Potomac at a ford near Shepherdstown. The enemy 
having been discovered in force and the purpose of the reconnaissance 
accomplished, the troops were ordered to recross to the Maryland side 
of the river. Through a mistake the order was not delivered to the 
"iiSth", and it was left unsupported to resist the attack of a Confederate 
division. The men, although inexperienced, less than three weeks from 
home and armed with defective muskets, made a gallant stand, but were 
overpowered and compelled to retreat across the river. The losses of 
the "ii8th" were seventy-one officers and men killed or who died from 
their wounds, seventy-five wounded and sixty-seven captured, a total 
of two hundred and thirteen. The Confederate loss in the engagement, 
in Gen. Hill's Division, was reported to be two hundred and sixty-two 
officers and men. 

Burnside's experiment, which occasioned the battle of Fredericksburg, 
cost the "iiSth", at the assault upon Marye's Heights, seven killed, forty- 
three wounded and sixteen missing. After the January "mud march" 
the regiment went into winter quarters. In April Col. Prevost having 
recovered from his wounds again took command. A few weeks later 
Col. Prevost was promoted and placed in command of the Invalid Corps, 
prior to which, however, he led the regiment through the fighting around 
Chancellorsville.* 

The Fifth Corps started northward upon June loth, having frequent 
brushes with the Confederate cavalry en route. Arriving at Gettysburg 
upon the morning of July 2d, the regiment was posted near Cemetery 
Hill, but in the afternoon it was hurried to the support of Sickles, on 
the left, where it became hotly engaged. The following morning the 
command was sent to Round Top, which position it occupied to the end 
of the battle. At Warrenton, Virginia, on August 6th, one hundred and 
nine recruits arrived, and on September 15th one hundred and eighty-five 
more were received. Desultory fighting kept the men moving through 
the autumn. At the end of the year, at Beverly Ford, Lieut.-Col. Gwyn 
received his commission as colonel. During the conflicts in the Wilder- 
ness, and in the course of the advance to Petersburg, the "iiSth" had 
heavy fighting with numerous casualties. In front of Petersburg the 
fighting was constant. Grant was remorselessly wearing out the besieged 
enemy. Regiments were used unsparingly, and the "iiSth" was accorded 

*In 1864 Col. Prevost was stationed as commandant at the military prison 
located at Elmira, N. Y. 



132 

its full share of the work. Early in the following February the army 
began upon the final chapter of the war. At Dabney's Mills several of the 
regimental officers were killed or wounded. The whole region was alive, 
at this time, with moving troops and the deadly grinding of the mills 
of war. Petersburg fell upon April 2d, Richmond the next day, and 
then, like a cyclone, Sheridan's cavalry swept after the fugitive remnants 
still obedient to Lee. The Fifth Corps was at Five Forks upon 
the ist and there had its last fight. The 118th Regiment was among 
the advanced troops at Appomattox. It was the first to receive and direct 
the officer bearing the flag of truce from the Confederate headquarters 
which resulted in the end of hostilities. It was detailed with the First 
Brigade to receive the rebel arms and colors. Fifteen thousand muskets 
and eighty-four battle flags were laid down along the brigade front. Turn- 
ing homeward, the "ii8th" was in the line of the Grand Review at 
Washington upon May 23d. A week later it was mustered out. Upon 
arrival at Philadelphia the veterans were splendidly banqueted at Sansom 
Street Hall by the Corn Exchange, and upon the loth of June marched 
in the review of the returned Philadelphia volunteers. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, g ; men, 132 

Died from disease or accident " i ; " 112 

Wounded, not mortally " 18 ; " 312. 

Captured or missing " 5 ; " 285. 

BATTLES. , 

Antietam, Shepherdstown, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Upperville, Gettys- 
burg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, 
Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Road, Poplar 
Springs Church (Peeble's Farm), Hatcher's Run, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Plank 
Road, Five Forks, Appomattox (surrender). 




ONE HUNDRED AND NINETEENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

("Gray Reserves") 

Colonel Peter C. Ellmaker to January 12th, 1864. 
Colonel Gideon Clark to June 19th, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 1,216 Officers and Men. 



THE "119th," composed, in a large degree, of officers and 
rank and file from the First Regiment Militia, of Philadelphia, 
was known as the "Gray Reserve" Regiment. In its enthusi- 
astic recruitment, the officers were effectively aided by a com- 
mittee of thirteen citizens. The command was mustered in between 
August 15th and September 17th, 1862. Responding promptly to the 
urgent orders of the Government, the regiment left Philadelphia on 
September ist, not fully organized. From the Arsenal in Washington, 
with the addition of a tenth company, the command, upon receiving guns 
and accoutrements, was sent to Tenallytown. In October the regiment 
joined the First Brigade, Second Division, Sixth Corps, then at Hagers- 
town, Maryland. Moving to Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg, in No- 
vember, the regiment first came under fire in the effort to capture that 
stronghold, on December 12th and 13th. After the "mud-march" of 
January the "119th" remained in winter quarters. In February the regi- 
ment was assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, with which it was 
identified throughout its subsequent career. Upon the opening of the 
Chancellorsville campaign the Sixth Corps was moved, at night, to the 
right bank of Rappahannock river, at Franklin's Crossing. On May 
3d, 1863, in the two battles of Marye's Heights and Salem Church the 
regiment lost twelve killed and one hundred and twelve wounded, or 
about thirty-five per cent, of effective strength. 

In the evening of July ist, 1863, the Sixth Corps was at Man- 
chester, Maryland, from which camp, at ten o'clock, began the historic 
forced march of thirty-seven miles to Gettysburgr. Arriving at 4.30 P. 
M. on the 2d, the corps remained in the rear of the Fifth Corps, taking 
position, early on the 3d, at the extreme left, in rear of Round Top, 
a post of great responsibility, but, as events proved, far from the heavy 
fighting of the day. On the 4th the "119th" occupied Little Round 
Top. Pursuing and skirmishing with laggard fragments of Lee's Army, 
notably at Fairfield Gap and Funkstown, the Third Brigade finally 
rested at Warrenton, where about two hundred recruits were received 
by the "119th." 

At Rappahannock Station, on November 7th, the Third Brigade, 
under command of Col. Ellmaker, led the assault upon the enemy's 
works, resulting in the capture of sixteen hundred prisoners and a large 
amount of material. In this brilliant affair the "119th" lost seven killed 

133 



134 

and forty-three wounded, three of the killed being Capt. Cyrus M. 
Hodgson and Lieuts. Edward Everett Coxe and Robert Reaney. After 
the brief Mine Run campaign, the "119th" had a respite of six months 
of routine. On January 12th, 1864, Col. Ellmaker resigned, and was 
succeeded by Lieut.-Col. Gideon Clark. 

With the beginning of the forward movement of May, 1864, di- 
rected by Major-Gen. U. S. Grant, the armies met in the dark and 
bloody Wilderness, and, in the week following May 5th, the "119th" 
lost two hundred and fifteen officers and men. Then, at the North 
Anna, the Pamunkey, Totopotomoy and Cold Harbor, further weeks of 
carnage ensued, until, on the 19th of June, the "119th" found its task 
again in the trenches around Petersburg. In the course of the deadly 
six weeks following its departure from its winter quarters on Hazel 
river the regiment lost, among those slain in battle, Major Henry 
P. Truefitt, Capt. Charles R. Warner and Lieuts. George G. Lovett, 
Edward Ford and George C. Humes. 

Soon after the return of the Third Brigade from the crippling of 
the Weldon Railroad it was dispatched, with the entire Sixth Corps, 
to Washington, meeting Early's invasion at Fort Stevens, driving his 
troops back to the hills and, under Sheridan, scattering them at Win- 
chester. 

At this time the "119th" was detached and detailed for duty at 
Philadelphia, in anticipation of election disturbances. Its absence from 
the front covered a period of about two weeks. The command then 
returned to Winchester, Va., where the Third Brigade remained until 
November 30th, then returning to the vicinity of Petersburg. 

In the final campaign, resulting in the dislodgement of the enemy 
from Petersburg, and in the pursuit, ending at Appomattox Court House, 
the regiment had its almost constant share of danger, loss and glory. 
In the final assault at Petersburg Adjt. John D. Mercer was fatally 
wounded. After the surrender the Sixth Corps was sent, as a pre- 
cautionary measure, to Danville, but with the passing of the exigency, 
turned homeward. The "119th" arrived in Philadelphia on June 6th 
and on the 19th was mustered out. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 9 ; men, 132 

Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 71 

Wounded, not mortally " 12 ; " 279 

Captured or missing " 75 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Fredericksburg, Marye's Heights, Salem Church, Gettysburg, Rappahannock 
Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold 
Harbor, Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Winchester (Opequon), Dabney's Mill, Peters- 
burg (Fort Fisher), Petersburg (assault), Sailor's Creek, Appomattox Court 
House. 



ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY=F1RST REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Chapman Biddle to December ist, 1863.* 
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Elisha W. Davis to April 20th, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoLONEL ALEXANDER BiDDLE to January 9th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoLONEL Thomas M. Hall to January 9th, 1864. 
Philadelphia Companies B, C, D, G, H, I, and K. 
Total Enrollment, 891 Officers and Men. 



IN the formation of this regiment the recruits gathered largely from 
Venango County for the proposed 145th Regiment by Elisha W. 
Davis were included.f These mountaineers were organized as 
Companies A, F and part of E. The balance of the regiment was 
raised in Philadelphia. The "121st" camped near Chestnut Hill, in August 
and September, 1862, and was soon afterwards sent to Arlington Heights, 
Va. On October ist the command was moved to Frederick, Md., and at- 
tached to the First Brigade, Third Division of the First Corps, which 
was mainly composed of Pennsylvania Reserves, and commanded by 
Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade. With these experienced troops the 
"i2ist" entered its first battle, at Fredericksburg, December 13th, losing, 
in the campaign, one hundred and eighty killed and wounded. The 
heroic steadiness of the "121st" at Fredericksburg elicited special praise 
from Gen. Meade. A number of officers and men were mentioned for 
bravery in special orders, among them Lieut. Joseph G. Rosengarten, who 
saved the colors after the color bearer had fallen.:]: 

The routine of the winter camp was broken bv the "mud march" 
and one or two minor expeditions. The activities of the army began upon 
the opening of May, 1864, with the battle of Chancellorsville, where the 
loss of the "i2ist" was small in numbers. One of the officers killed was 
Capt. W. D. Dorr, a gallant soldier. § The First Corps began its north- 
ward march (ending at Gettysburg) on June 12th, reaching the field and 

*Col. Chapman Biddle had been identified with the old militia in Phila- 
delphia and was among the first to act, at the critical moment, in April, 1861, 
for the military support of the National Government. He organized Company A 
of the 1st Regiment Pennsylvania Artillery, which was later known as Landis' 
Battery. Capt. Biddle and Lieut. Alexander Biddle resigned in August to organize 
an infantry regiment, which was designated the "121st." 

fThe Venango County recruits, on arrival in Philadelphia, were placed in 
Camp John C. Knox near Manayunk, where they were quartered until consoli- 
dated with the "121 St." They were chiefly woodsmen and good marksmen, thus 
adding greatly to the effectiveness of the command. 

^Lieutenant Rosengarten was soon afterward detailed upon the staff of Major- 
Gen. John F. Reynolds. 

§Capt. William W. Dorr, of Company K, killed at Spotsylvania on May loth, 
1864, was a son of the Rev. Dr. Dorr of Christ Church, upon the walls of which his 
comrades placed a memorial tablet. 



136 

going into position upon the extreme left of the Hne at eleven o'clock 
A. M. on July ist. This position was held nearly five hours. 

The First Brigade, v^rhich had gone into battle with twelve hundred 
and eighty-seven officers and men, numbered, for further duty at the close 
of the day, but three bunded and ninety.* In the retreat to Cemetery 
Hill the regiment made a stand at the Seminary, and. from a barricade, 
held the advancing Confederates back until nearly all of the army had 
passed. Falling back through Gettysburg the "121st" called the roll. Out 
of seven officers and two hundred and fifty-six men in the line that 
morning, but two officers and eighty-two men responded, t Upon July 
2d the regiment was posted on the Taneytown Road to the left of the 
cemetery, and on the 3d near the center of the line and in reserve. 

After Gettysburg, ten months elapsed before the regiment was again 
engaged in battle. In the meantime it had performed a great amount 
of marching, guard duty and picketing. In March, 1864, the remnants of 
the First Corps were distributed, the "121st" going to the Third Brigade, 
Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. With some brigade and division changes 
it remained in this corps to the end of the war. Between May 4th and 
June i6th, 1864, or from the Rapidan to the James, the Fifth Corps 
fought its way almost daily, each brigade and regiment having its own 
hardships, losses and victories. The "121st" lost many of its veteran 
members and several officers. At Petersburg the regiment was engaged 
upon the construction of the famous "Fort Hell," near the "Mine." It 
participated in the first and second expeditions sent to destroy the Weldon 
Railroad, and was in the affairs of Boydton Plank Road and Five Forks. 
At Appomattox Court House the regiment was detailed to guard duty 
during and after the formalities of the surrender. On May 12th it was 
sent, with captured property, to Burkeville, and from that point began 
the homeward march. At Washington it participated in the Grand 
Review, and was mustered out on June 2d, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES, t 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 104. 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 66. 

Wounded, not mortally, officers and men 293. 

BATTLES. 

Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, North 
Anna, Totopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, 
Peeble's Farm, Dabney's Mill, Boydton Plank Road, Five Forks, Hatcher's Run, 
Appomattox Court House. 

*The 1st Brigade was in command, at that time, of Lieut.-Col. Chapman Biddle. 
The regiment was in command of Major Alexander Biddle. 

IThe inscription upon the regimental monument indicates a loss, at Gettys- 
burg, of twenty men killed or fatally wounded, five officers and ninety-three men 
wounded, and sixty captured, out of three hundred and six present. 




CAMP UNION, 118TH REGIMENT, QUEEN LANE, FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL, 

August, 1862. 




CAMP GALLAGHER, 13TH CAVALRY (i BATTALION), FALLS OF SCHUYLKILL. 

August and September, 1862. 



ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

LiEUT.-CoL. Ario Pardee, Jr. 

Philadelphia Companies M and P, 

Total Enrollment, 150 Officers and Men.* 



WHILE the 28th Regiment was in camp at Louden Heights, 
Virginia, in October, 1862, a regiment was organized at 
that point, which became the "147th" Infantry of the Penn- 
sylvania line. Five companies of the "28th" were transferred 
to the new command, two of which, M and P, numbering one hundred 
and fifty men, were from Philadelphia.* Major Ario Pardee, Jr., of the 
"28th," became commander of the "147th," with the rank of lieutenant- 
colonel. The two regiments were sometimes styled the "28th Legion." 
The "147th/' in the First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Corps, par- 
ticipated in the second Burnside campaign of January and February, 
1863, and the Chancellorsville Campaign of May, losing about one hun- 
dred in killed, wounded and missing. In June, J863, the regiment moved 
with the Twelfth Corps to Gettysburg, taking position on the evening 
of July 1st near Round Top, and later at Culp's Hill. On the night 
of the 2d and forenoon of the 3d the "147th" was engaged at the latter 
point, losing twenty-five killed and wounded. With the Hooker transfer, 
tlie "147th" was sent to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland, becoming 
a part of the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps. It was in line 
at the battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Ringgold. 
On December 29th, 1863, the majority of the men re-enlisted and, after 
the usual furlough, returned to join Gen. Sherman's campaign through 
Georgia and the Carolinas, having a part, with the 28th and 29th Regi- 
ments, in all of the dangers, hardships and glory of that crowning achieve- 
ment of the war. The thrilling story of the arduous campaign of the 
army led by Gen. William T. Sherman is equally the story of this 
efficient regiment. Soon after the surrender of Gen. Johnston the Penn- 
sylvania troops were moved to Washington and there, on July 15th, 1865, 
the "147th" was mustered out of the service.! 

BATTLES. 

Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Dug 
Gap, Rocky Fall Ridge, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, Nose's Creek, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta (march to the sea). 

* In addition to these two Philadelphia companies, a company of drafted men 
under Capt. Charles Fair, which had been on duty at the Schuylkill Arsenal, was 
attached to the "147th" in September, 1863. 

tThe casualties of the two Philadelphia companies are not obtainable. 

137 



ONE HUNDRED AND HFTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Third Bucktails) 

CoLONEi. Langhorne Wister to February 226., 1864.* 
Colonel H. S. Huidekoper to March 5th, 1864. 
Colonel George W. Jones to June 23d, 1865. 

Philadelphia Companies A, B, D and F. 
Total Enrollment, 420 Officers and Men. 



^ i ^ HIS regiment was partly recruited in Philadelphia (which fur- 
i nished companies A, B, E and F) and in the Counties of Craw- 
^ ford, Union and McKean. It rendezvoused at Camp Curtin, 
being mustered in on September 4th, 1862, Soon afterward the 
command was sent to Washington and assigned to guard duty. Com- 
panies D and K were stationed at the Soldiers' Home, where President 
Lincoln and his family resided in the summers. The latter company, 
from Crawford County, commanded by Capt. David V. Derrickson, was 
retained to the end of the war as the special guard of the President-t 

In February the "150th" became part of the Second (Bucktail) 
Brigade (Brig.-Gen. Roy Stone), Third Division, First Corps. In 
May General Stone's brigade was present at the battle of Chancellors- 
ville, but was not actively employed. The Third Division^ under Major- 
Gen. Abner Doubleday, reached the scene of the opening battle at Gettys- 
gurg at 11.30 A. M. on July ist. The "150th," mustering three hun- 
dred and ninety-seven officers and men, was in position on the left of the 
Chambersburg Pike, near Willoughby Run. This position was held 
until near four o'clock, the regiment then retreating toward and through 
the town. In the retreat the regiment colors were lost.f The remnant 
of the regiment re-formed on Cemetery Hill, but two ofificers remaining. 
Three officers had been slain. Col. Wistar and twelve of his officers, the 
majority wounded, had been captured. On the morning of July 2d one 
hundred and nine (including the two officers) were present for duty. 

*Col. Langhorne Wister, of Philadelphia, had served as captain of Companj' 
B, 42d Regiment, the original "Bucktails," which was designated the 13th Regi- 
ment, Reserve Corps. 

fPresident Lincoln wrote a "request" on November ist, 1862, that this com- 
pany should be allowed to remain as his personal guard. He honored Capt. Der- 
rickson as a companion and friend. When the latter was transferred to duty in 
Pennsylvania he was succeeded by Lieut. Thomas Getchell. 

$The colors were captured from a wounded color-bearer by North Carolina 
troops, and were sent to Jefferson Davis. They were found among his effects 
when he was captured, at the close of the war, and are now preserved at the 
Capitol at Harrisburg. 

138 



139 

During the day the regiment was active at various points of danger, and 
after nightfall advanced and recaptured two guns of a regular battery, 
lost during the afternoon. Retiring from picket duty early on the 3d, 
and while on the battle line in the afternoon, some further casualties oc- 
curred. The total regimental loss (as officially stated) was fifty-seven 
killed, one hundred and thirty-nine wounded and seventy-seven captured 
or missing ; a few of the latter, however, were accounted for the morning 
of the 2d. 

With an accession of recruits, the "150th" participated in the move- 
ments of the army upon the Rappahannock, finally forming its winter 
camp at Culpeper. Col. Wister, who had been exchanged, resigned on 
February 22d. The regiment was transferred, in March, to the Third 
Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifth Corps, and was now commanded by 
Major George W. Jones,* promoted from captain. f 

With the Fifth Corps the "150th" was engaged in the heavy fighting 
which began on May 5th in the Wilderness, and which ended at Be- 
thesda Church, on June ist. Crossing the James River the deadly 
struggle was renewed around Petersburg. The "150th" was among the 
troops at the Mine Explosion, the first move on Weldon Railroad (where 
it built Fort Dushane), at Hatcher's Run, and, in December, in the de- 
struction of the Weldon Railroad. As a great number of prisoners had 
been captured the war-worn "150," with the "149th," was sent, as 
guards, to the prison camp at Elmira, N. Y., and remained there on duty 
until mustered out, on June 24th, 1865. Company K (President's 
Guard) was mustered out at Harrisburg on June 15th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES-t 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 4 ; men, 108 

Died from disease or other causes " i ; " 94 

BATTLES. 

Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness (two days), North Anna, Spotsyl- 
vania (three days), Totopotomoy, Hatcher's Run, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, 
Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mill. 

*Both Lieut.-Col. Huidekoper and Major Thomas Chamberlin had resigned 
on account of wounds. 

fCapt. Cornelius A. Widdis (subsequently commissioned lieutenant-colonel) be- 
came a prisoner July ist, 1863, at Gettysburg, and was not released until the 
end of the war. 

$Col. Thomas Chamberlin, the regimental historian, states that the exact 
number of wounded, captured and missing cannot be enumerated. The regimental 
history (Edition of 1905) includes a list of forty- nine men captured, of whom 
twenty-three died at Richmond and Andersonville. 

As a graphic and entertaining presentation of experiences in a soldier's life, 
few books of the Civil War equal the "Recollections of a Drummer Boy," a 
work written by Harry M. Kiefer, of the 150th Regiment. 



ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

LiEUT.-CoL. Edmund T. Tiers. 
Total Enrollment, about 350 Officers and Men. 




HEN partially recruited in December, 1862, this command was 
ordered to guard duty at Fort Delaware. Upon February 
27th, 1863, the recruits of a tentative regiment, designated 
the "156th," "Board of Trade Rifles," were enlisted with the 
"157th/' the whole being organized as a battalion of four companies. 
The battalion was assigned to duty in the defences around Washington 
as a part of Tyler's Division, Twenty-second Corps. 

In May, 1864, the battalion was attached to the Second Brigade, 
Fourth Division, Fifth Corps. In this position and with the Second 
Division later, the "157th" experienced a considerable period of fighting. 
The battalion was transferred to the 191st Regiment* in front of 
Petersburg on March 21st, 1865, and with that regiment shared in the 
engagements and pursuit of the enemy immediately preceding the sur- 
render of Lee's army at Appomattox. Soon after this great event the 
"191st" marched to Washington, took part in the Grand Review upon 
May 23d, and was mustered out June 28th, 1865. 



TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds 31 men. 

Died from disease 34 " 



BATTLES. 

Betbesda Church, Petersburg, Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, Poplar 
Springs Church, Yellow House, Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, Warren's 
raid, Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox campaign. 

* The 190th and 191st Regiments were formed from veterans and recruits 
of the several Pennsylvania Reserve regiments at the end of their respective terms 
of service. The greater part of these regiments suffered capture and long imprison- 
ment a.^ Andersonville and other southern prison pens, where a large percentage 
died. For an impressive narration of their experiences the reader is referred to 
pages 281-287, Volume V, Bates' History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. The men 
of the "191st" still in the field, together with the "157th," were armed with 
Spencer repeating rifles, with which they did effective work in the running fights 
between Hatcher's Run and Appomattox. 

140 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY^THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY 

(Fourth Union League Regiment) 

Colonel George P. McLean to May 3d, 1864. 
Colonel J. F. McCullough to May 31st, 1864. 
Colonel James C. Lynch to March 13th, 1865. 
Colonel George T. Egbert to July 13th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,200 Officers and Men. 




F the nine infantry regiments of Philadelphia organized under 
the direction of the Union League, the "183d" served longest 
and experienced, by far, the most vicissitudes. It was re- 
cruited during the fall of 1863 and through the following 
winter. Camp was established in Frankford, but was subsequently lo- 
cated in barracks upon the lot now covered by the buildings of the 
Union League. The command left Philadelphia upon February 23d, 
1864. The "183d" was the last distinctively local regiment sent to the 
front. Upon reporting it was assigned to the First Brigade, First Di- 
vision, Second Corps, then upon the Rapidan river. 

The newcomers were led without delay into the very heart of war. 
In the month dating from May 5th the brigade participated in seven 
battles, a record for raw troops probably unequalled in the annals of 
the Pennsylvania line.* In the course of the camoaign, during May, 
Col. George P. McLean, Lieut-Col. William Powell, Major John Reynolds 
and Adj. Theodore F. Mann resigned, the last named because of ill 
health. Capt. John F. McCullough, a veteran officer of Company A, 
140th Regiment, was commissioned colonel. This officer was killed upon 
May 31st, at Totopotomoy Creek. Two weeks later Capt. James C. 
Lynch, of the io6th Regiment, Acting Inspector General of the Second 
Division, Second Corps, was commissioned third colonel of the "183d." 
The regiment was moved to the front at Petersburg, being actively en- 
gaged in assaults and skirmishes. While here the re-enlisted men and 
recruits of the 72d Regiment (Baxter's Zouaves) were added to the 
"183d." Maj. George T. Egbert became lieutenant-colonel and Capt. 
Augustine T. Lynch major. The Second Corps was twice sent across 
the James river, meeting the enemy on both occasions. At Deep Bottom 
the regiment assisted in the capture of four guns. At Ream's Station, 
upon the Weldon Railroad, south of Petersburg, the "183d" was again 
engaged, on August 25th. During the fall and winter the regiment was 
engaged in guard and outpost duty incident to the siege. Upon October 
6th Col. Lynch was mustered out. He was succeeded by Lieut.-Col. 

*At Spotsylvania, on May 14th, a party of volunteers from the brigade, led 
by Captain Augustine T. Lynch, of this regiment, captured two Confederate guns 
from between the lines. 

141 



142 

George T. Egbert. Maj. Augustine T. Lynch became lieutenant-colonel 
and Capt. Horace P. Egbert major. 

In the constant fighting marking the final struggles of the besieged 
Confederates, the regiment was repeatedly under fire, losing some offi- 
cers and men killed, wounded or captured. In these movements the 
First Division was detached and, under Gen. Nelson A. Miles,* joined 
Gen. Sheridan's force at Five Forks, and while returning met the enemy 
in an engagement, on April 2d, at Sutherland's Station, a point on the 
South Side Railroad. The "183d" shared, also^ in the final combats 
at Farmville and Appomattox. After the surrender the march to Wash- 
ington and the Review of May 23d, the "183d" was returned to Phila- 
delphia, where it was mustered out on July 13th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 92. 

Died of disease or other causes " 3 ; " 89, 

BATTLES. 

Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Corbin's Bridge, Po River, North Anna, Toto- 
potomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's 
Station, Five Forks, Sutherland Station, Farmville, Appomattox Court House. 

*This detour is mentioned by Gen. Nelson A. Miles in his "Recollections." 
Cosmopolitan Magazine, March, 191 1, in these words: 

"The hardest fighting and greatest loss of life occurred in the First 
Division, Second Corps, in which more men were killed and wounded than in 
any other division, East or West. This division broke through the enemy's 
lines and routed a division of the enemy at Sutherland Station, made most 
important captures at Sailor's Creek, and led the pursuit so vigorously and 
tenaciously that Gen. Lee rode up to our very Hnes on the morning of April 
9th to surrender the Army of Northern Virginia. 




ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Henry Frink. 
Total Enrollment, 1,079 Officers and Men. 



T 



"^ HIS regiment was recruited in Philadelphia in the spring of 
1864 for provost duty. Many of its officers had served in other 
commands. The regiment was stationed at Philadelphia 
throughout its term of service, which ended August 15th, 1865. 



FIRST BATTALION INFANTRY (SIX MONTHS' SERVICE) 

Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey. 
Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies), about 200 Officers and Men,. 



T 



"^WO companies of this regiment, C, Capt. John R. Miles, and 
E, Capt. W. F. Robinson, were raised in Philadelphia. The 
regiment was mustered in on June 23d, 1863, and was en- 
gaged in various parts of the State on duty in provost and 
draft riot emergencies. Co. C was stationed at the provost barracks, 
Fifth and Buttonwood streets, Philadelphia. At the end of its period 
of service the battalion was re-enlisted and recruited, forming the 187th 
Regiment, three years' service. 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel Joseph F. Ramsey to September 29th, 1864. 
Colonel John E. Parsons to August 3d, 1865. 
Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies), about 150 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was formed from the First Battalion Infantry, 
in service six months, on provost duty from July, 1863, to 
the end of the year, and which contained two companies, E 
and F, from Philadelphia. Although all of the field officers 
were from other communities of the State, at least seventeen of the com- 
pany officers were Philadelphians. 

143 



144 

The regiment was organized at Camp Curtin in March, 1864. The 
command reached Washington on May 19th. Marching to the front 
it joined the army during the battle of Cold Harbor and was assigned 
to the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. With this corps the 
"187th" fought its way to join the lines then investing Petersburg, 
and shared in the movements and sorties, involving continuous skirmish- 
ing, through the summer, during which the regiment lost many officers 
and men. On September 22d, 1864, the regiment was detached and 
ordered to Philadelphia. With headquarters at Camp Cadwalader,* the 
"187th" was employed on provost duty in Philadelphia and at disturbed 
points in the State. f Col. Ramsey having resigned and Major George 
W. Merrick being disabled from wounds, Capt. John E. Parsons (then 
assistant adjutant-general of the brigade) was commissioned lieutenant- 
colonel. The regiment acted as a guard of honor upon the arrival and 
departure of the remains of President Lincoln in April, 1865. The 
"187th" was assembled at Harrisburg and mustered out on August 3d, 
1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES (Philadelphia Companies). 

Killed or died from wounds men, 8 

Died from disease and other causes " 9 

BATTLES. 

Cold Harbor, before Petersburg, Jerusalem Plank Road, Weldon Railroad 
(June 2ist-23d, 1864), Mine Explosion, Weldon Railroad, August i8th-2ist, 1864). 

*"No military rendezvous of any kind established in this city since the breaking 
out of the war has been the cause of so much complaint or the source of as 
many communications of a disparaging character as Camp Cadwalader. These 
complaints consist mainly of suffering endured by the men stationed there and 
injustice done them by a certain set of unprincipled officials who have charge of 
matters and things generally within the enclosure. Filthy quarters, miserable diet, 
embezzlement of money belonging to soldiers, an utter disregard for the welfare 
and comfort of the men, constitute a portion of the evils complained of and which 
have caused so many desertions that would otherwise not have taken place." Quoted 
from a Philadelphia newspaper (History of the 187th Regiment). 

tAt all times, dating from the first draft, a considerable element of the Penn- 
sylvania population dwelling in remote sections were strongly opposed to military 
service. In this respect they held the same attitude as that of the loyal mountaineers 
of the South, who only became soldiers of the Confederacy upon compulsion. The 
tasks of the military detachments sent out under the orders of the provost marshals 
to enforce conscriptions, capture deserters and break up disloyal gatherings were 
full of incident and danger. The "Army of Fishing Creek" is not mentioned in 
Official Reports, but that it deserves a place in Civil War history is vouched for 
by a correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, who was witness of its "invasion 
of Columbia County," in September, 1864, a narration of which may be found in 
"The American Bastile," John A. Marshall, page 310. 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=EIQHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 

Colonel George K. Bowen to March 27th, 1865. 
Colonel John G. Gregg to July ist, 1865. 
Colonel James C. Briscoe to November 26th, 1865. 
Colonel Samuel Irvin Givin to December 14th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,200 Officers and Men. 



TWENTY months after the I52d Regiment (3d Heavy Artillery) 
had entered the service, a regiment of infantry was formed 
from its surplus men, of whom about six hundred volunteered 
for the purpose, and, with additional recruits, the command 
took the field as the "i88th," under command of Lieut.-Col. George K. 
Bowen, formerly captain of Company C, I52d Regiment. A large pro- 
portion of the officers and many of the enlisted men were Philadelphians. 
At Yorktown in April, 1864, it was assigned to the Third Brigade, First 
Division, Eighteenth Corps. Early in May the corps was embarked to 
Bermuda Hundred and advanced to invest Fort Darling, a strong work 
at Drury's Bluff, six miles below Richmond. During an assault on 
May i6th the right wing of the regiment was driven back from an 
advanced position and in course of the movement was fired upon by the 
supporting troops by mistake, the loss partly from this error being eleven 
men killed and sixty wounded. In the terrific fighting of June ist and 
3d at Cold Harbor the "i88th" again lost a large percentage. The corps 
was now moved to the lines at Petersburg, occupying an exposed posi- 
tion on the extreme right. Here, in two month's time, the "i88th" lost 
about half of its effective force from powder and sickness. 

At the capture of Fort Harrison the skilled artillerymen of the 
"i88th" manned the fortress guns and materially expedited the flight 
of the enemy, who returned, however, to suffer still worse punishment 
at the hands of the captors, on the following morning. In holding 
Fort Harrison against the persistent efforts of the Confederates to re- 
cover it, the "i88th" lost, in killed and wounded, about one hundred 
and sixty officers and men. 

At the end of the campaign the Eighteenth Corps was reorganized 
as the Twenty-fourth Corps. Four hundred recruits now joined the 
regiment and winter quarters was constructed. On March 4th, 1865, 
the brigade (now the "Third" of the Third Division) was sent on an 
expedition by transports to Fredericksburg, to destroy Confederate 
supplies. As soon as it was discovered at Fort Harrison, on April 3d, 
that Richmond was being deserted by the enemy the Union troops 
were rushed to the city, the "i88th" assisting in subduing the fires and 
in restoring public order. The Third Brigade was encamped at Man- 
chester. Some weeks after the surrender at Appomattox the members 

10 145 



146 

of the 199th Regiment, whose enlistments had not expired, were merged 
with the "i88th," Col. James C. Briscoe, of the former, taking com- 
mand, and the regiment moved to Lynchburg. Upon the promotion of 
Col. Briscoe as brigadier-general in command of the post, Lieut.-Col. S. 
Irvin Given was advanced to the colonelcy. The several companies were 
stationed at Danville and other points in Virginia to enforce good order, 
and remained in this trying service until December 14th, when the regi- 
ment was assembled at City Point and mustered out. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 10; men, 114 

Died from disease officers, 2 ; men, 66 

BATTLES, ETC. 
Drewry's Blufif, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Chaffin's Farm, Fair Oaks (second), 
occupation of Richmond. 



INDEPENDENT COMPANY ACTING ENGINEERS 

Captain Henry E. Wrigley to November 8th, 1862. 
Captain Albert S. White to March 29th, 1863. 
Captain William P. Gaskill to July 5th, 1864. 
Captain Samuel C. Smith to June 20th, 1865. 
170 Officers and Men. 



^ ■ ^HIS was a special command of civil engineers, draughtsmen, 
I artisans, mechanics and sailors. The expense of organiza- 

J tion and equipment was met by William Struthers, a dis- 

tinguished Philadelphian. The outfit included tools, forges 
and material required in field work. The men carried short carbines. 
The company was mustered upon August 9th, 1862, and encamped at 
Camp Struthers, Philadelphia. Soon afterward the company was em- 
ployed upon the defences in front of Washington. After the battle of 
Antietam the headquarters of the command was established at Harper's 
Ferry, and from that point the force operated in detachments, in the 
work of construction or destruction, for the assistance of the Army of 
the Potomac, as circumstances required. A portion of the company ac- 
companied the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps when they were transferred 
to the Army of the Cumberland, and laid a pontoon bridge across the 
Ohio river at Belleair for the passage of the troops. 

In November, 1862, Capt. Wrigley was transferred to the Corps of 
Topographical Engineers, and was succeeded by First Lieut. Albert S. 
White. This officer died upon March 29th, 1863, and First Lieut. Wil- 
lian Penn Gaskill commanded the company until July 5th, 1864. The 
last captain was Samuel C. Smith, who was out just prior to the dis- 
charge of the company upon June 20th, 1865. 



FORTY=THIRD REGIMENT LIGHT ARTILLERY 

(First Light Artillery Reserves) 

Colonel Charles T. Campbell to December 9th, 1861. 
Colonel Robert M. West to May 29th, 1864. 
LiEUT.-CoL. James Brady to July 19th, 1865. 

Philadelphia Batteries C, D, G, and H. 
Total Enrollment, Philadelphia Batteries, 912 Officers and Men. 




o 



UT of a large body of recruits gathered at 
Philadelphia by James Brady, in April, 1864, 
four batteries of light artillery were finally 
organized, and with four companies from 
the interior of the State, and, subsequently, one from 
Washington, D. C, a regiment of field artillery was 
accepted by the State as the fourteenth of the Re- 
serve Corps regiments, and when taken over by the 
National Government it was enrolled as the "Forty- 
third" of the Pennsylvania line. 

The Philadelphia batteries were armed and ac- 
coutred by the city, and the regiment, as a whole, was 
made ready for war by the State. The four local 
batteries, C, D, G and H, were commanded, in the 
course of the war, by fifteen captains, and the practice 
of designating artillery organizations, in accounts of 
battles, by the names of their pro tern, commanding 
officers leads to great confusion of identity. 

Battery C — Captains, J. G. Simpson, Jeremiah McCarthy and 

Sharp L. Williams. 166 officers and men. 
Battery D (partly from Blair County)— Captains Edward H. 
Flood, Michael Hall Andrew Rosney and Williarn Munk. 
(Estimated) 148 officers and men from Philadelphia. 
Battery G— Captains, Robert M. West, Mark Kern, Frank P. 
Amsden, Belden Spence and L. Eugene C. Moore. 330 officers and men. 
Battery H— Captain, James Brady, Andrew Fagan and Lord B. Richards. 268 
officers and men. 

The new artillery regiment thus provided by Pennsylvania under 
the law creating the reserve force was sent to the Government early in 
August, 1861, and located at Camp Barry, near the Capitol. As rapidly 
as the companies were supplied with horses and ammunition they were 
sent out to different divisions of the army, and each battery or group 
wrought its own history. The regiment was never thereafter gathered 
together. 

Battery C was assigned to Smith's Division, D and H to Buell's 

147 



148 

Division, engaged in constructing forts near Washington, and G was 
sent to McCall's Reserve Division. Subsequently C was united with 
D and H under Buell, but during the Peninsular campaign against York- 
town the three batteries were identified with Gen. Couch's Division, 
Fourth Corps. The history of these batteries is so nearly parallel that 
it is here presented (as in Bates' History) in group form. 

After the siege of Yorktown and battle of Williamsburg followed 
the deadly battles of Fair Oaks and Seven Pines upon May 31st, 1862, 
where the batteries won the praise of Gen, Keyes in his official report. 
After the battle of Gaines' Mill the artillery of the Fourth Corps cov- 
ered McClellan's retreat through White Oak Swamp and at Charles 
City Cross Roads. At Malvern Hill the batteries were in reserve, and 
covered the rear of the column on the way to Harrison's Landing. In 
July several changes occurred among the officers through promotion. 
E and H were now constituted reserve batteries of the Fourth Corps, 
and garrisoned at Yorktown, on the Peninsula. C and D were still at- 
tached to Couch's Division and were incorporated in the Sixth Corps. 
The next great battle was at Antietam, upon September i6th, 1862, 
where the artillerymen defended the Burnside bridge. In December the 
three batteries were kept busy for a week in front of Fredericksburg, 
shelling the enemy across the Rappahannock. About this time C and 
D batteries were consolidated as Battery D. The campaign of 1863 
opened with Chancellorsville, during which the batteries took part in 
the attack on Marye's Heights, and fought, the same day, at Salem 
Church. Battery D did not share in the glory of Gettysburg. Battery 
H made the march from Washington, but arrived after the close of 
the battle. Soon afterwards Battery D was transferred to the Army 
of the Shenandoah, with which it was in line at the battle of Cedar 
Creek, Va., October i8th, 1864, where the timely arrival of the Sixth 
Corps resulted in the recapture of their lost guns and turned defeat 
into victory. The artillery survivors of this fierce hand-to-hand battle 
were now reinforced from Washington by aJ party of recruits. Bat- 
tery C was revived, and the two commands posted along the upper Po- 
tomac during the balance of the war. They were mustered out at 
Harrisburg upon the 29th and 30th of June, 1865. 

Battery G, together with A, B and E, shared in the campaigns of 
the Pennsylvania Reserve Division. Thus the Philadelphia artillery 
arm is represented in the enduring records of that splendid body of 
troops. The brief resume of the deeds done by the infantry regiments 
is equally the story of its artillery. Battery G was the only one of the 
four Philadelphia companies which lost an officer in battle. Capt. Mark 
Kern was killed at Bull Run upon August 30th, 1861. At Gettysburg, 
Battery G was attached to the Third Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Re- 
serve, and temporarily commanded by Capt. R. B. Ricketts. Battery 
H was also present at this battle. During the latter part of its term 
of service Battery G was garrisoned at Fort Foote, a massive defensive 



149 

work upon the Potomac river, below Washington. The battery was 
finally mustered out, at Philadelphia, upon July 29th, 1865. 

The four Philadelphia batteries of the "43d" lost, by death, eighty- 
one men. Very few were lost by capture. Taking into account 
the long list of engagements in which these troops participated, the 
relatively small number of fatalities, especially among the officers, as 
well as the fact of immunity from capture, are most remarkable. 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.* 

Battery C — Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James 
River Road, Savage Station, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, Malvern Hill, 
Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's 
Ford, (after consolidation with Battery D) Berryville, Opequon, Winchester, Fish- 
er's Hill, Cedar Creek. 

Battery D — Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, James 
River Road, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Sulphur Springs, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mayre's Heights, Salem Heights, Bank's Ford, 
Berryville, Opequon, Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek. 

Battery G — Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mill, Charles City Cross Roads, Glendale, 
Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Pollock's Mill Creek, Fitzhugh's 
Crossing, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Morton's Ford. 

Battery H — Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Seven Days' Battles, Bottom's 
Bridge, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Gettysburg. 

*Dyer's Compendium. 




ONE HUNDRED AND TWELFTH REGIMENT ARTILLERY 
(SECOND HEAVY ARTILLERY) 




Colonel Charles Angeroth_, Sr., to June 21st, 1862. 
Colonel Augustus A. Gibson to August 3d, 1864. 
Colonel James L. Anderson to September 29th, 1864. 
Colonel William M. McClure to March 8th, 1865. 
Colonel S. D. Strawbridge to January 29th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 5,315 Officers and Men, 



t^ 1 ^ HE attractions of garrison service made 
1 the formation of heavy artillery regiments 
J for the national forces an easy task. In 
the autumn of 1861 the 112th Regiment 
(Second Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery) was organ- 
ized by Charles Angeroth, who had been identified 
as colonel with the 2d Regiment, "Washington 
Brigade," and as lieutenant-colonel with the 27th 
Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. This 
command was intended to be a siege or field regi- 
ment to conform to the regulations of the United 
States Army. Ten companies were raised in Phila- 
delphia and in the counties of Franklin, Allegheny 
and Monroe. Three companies were sent, upon 
January 9th, 1862, to Fort Delaware, and upon 
February 25th the remaining companies left camp, 
in Camden, N. J., for Washington, where they were 
garrisoned in the defences north of the city. Here, in March, the three 
companies from Fort Delaware rejoined the regiment, to which, later, 
were added two independent companies which had been recruited in 
Luzerne County and had also been stationed at Fort Delaware. These 
were designated Companies L and M. The "112th" rebuilt and remained 
in the forts in the vicinity of Washington until May 27th, 1864. In the 
meanwhile Col. Augustus A. Gibson, a captain of the regular artillery 
service, who had suceeded Col. Angeroth (resigned June 21st) upon June 
25th, 1862, had drilled his command into a condition of great efficiency, 
and it had increased in numbers to the astonishing figure of 3,300 men. 
The Government finally issued an order, upon April i8th, 1864, organizing, 
from the surplus men, the "Second Provisional Heavy Artillery." Two 
days later this provisional regiment, officered from the old command, was 
sent to the Ninth Corps, joining it at Brandy Station May 4th, partici- 
pating in all of its fighting at Mine Run, Spotsylvania, Wilderness, Cold 
Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Mine Explosion 
and Dinwiddle. With the single exception of the First Maine Heavy 

ISO 



151 

Artillery, this regiment lost more men killed than any other in the 
course of the war. 

Upon May 27th the "112th" joined the Second Brigade, Second 
Division, Eighteenth Corps, at Cold Harbor. Here the regiment was 
divided into three battalions and handled as infantry. The Second 
Battalion, under Capt. Paul T. Jones, participated in a charge in front 
of Petersburg, losing ten killed and sixty-five wounded. Upon August 
3d, 1864, Col. Gibson was returned to service with the regulars, and 
Major James L. Anderson assumed the command. 

In the constant fighting around Petersburg and Richmond the regi- 
ment had lost more than half of its effective strength. The nine hun- 
dred were joined, upon September 5th, by the remnant of four hundred 
and thirty-seven men of the "Provisionals." This contingent had been 
a part of the assaulting column at the disastrous Petersburg Mine Ex- 
plosion, losing there over four hundred men. In the assault at Chaffin's 
Farm (Fort Harrison) the "112th" charged Fort Gilmer, losing four 
hundred and sixty-five officers and men killed, wounded and captured. 
In this battle Major Anderson was killed. His commission as colonel 
reached camp two days later. He was succeeded by Captain William 
M. McClure, of Battery F, who was promoted colonel October 30th, 
1864. 

The original term of service ended in January, 1865 ; the men, how- 
ever, very generally re-enlisted. While upon the James River the regi- 
ment was recruited to a strength of over two thousand men. Col. 
McClure was honorably discharged upon March 8th, 1865. The colonelcy 
reverted, upon April i6th, to Lieut.-Col. S. D. Strawbridge. Battery A 
participated in the capture of Fort Fisher, N. C. Part of Battery M 
manned the guns at Fort Stevens and Fort De Russe when Early made 
his attack on Washington. Two detachments of the regiment served 
in Light Batteries B and D, United States Horse Batteries. Those in 
Battery B fired the last guns at Appomattox. 

After the surrender the regiment was retained at Petersburg and 
in the lower counties of Virginia upon provost duty until its final dis- 
charge at Philadelphia, February i6th, 1866, being the last Philadelphia 
regiment, with one exception, in the service. It was the largest regiment 
in the Union Army.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers and men, 163 

Died from disease or other causes " " " 585 

Captured " " " 863 

*A full roster of the officers and men of the regiment and of the Provisional 
regiment formed in 1864 from the surplus men is on file at the War Department, 
Washington, but is not among the records of the Adjutant General's office at Har- 
risburg. All obtainable names are included in the very adequate history of the regi- 
ment prepared by Geeorge W. Ward, Secretary of the Survivors' Association. 



INDEPENDENT BATTALION (MARINE ARTILLERY) 

Major Hermann Segebarth. 
About 300 Men. 



MUSTERED January, 1862, Companies A and B of this com- 
mand were assigned to duty at Fort Delaware, and were 
recruited, in August, 1862, to four batteries, which became, 
upon February 17th, 1863, a part of the Third Heavy Ar- 
tillery. (i52d Regiment.) 



ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY^SECOND REGIMENT (THIRD 
HEAVY ARTILLERY) 

Colonel Joseph Roberts to November 9th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 4,978 Officers and Men. 



IN August, 1862, Col. Herman Segebarth received authority from 
the War Department to increase the two companies, forming a 
battalion of marine artillery (which had served at Fort Delaware 
in the preceding year), to a regiment of heavy artillery. A month 
later Major Joseph Roberts, of the Fourth United States Artillery, 
was engaged in the formation of a battalion of heavy artillery. The 
recruits were gathered from various parts of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania but were rendezvoused at Philadelphia and Camden, N. J. Early 
in 1863 these commands were consolidated as the I52d Regiment, Heavy 
Artillery. The original and recruited companies of marine artillery 
became Companies A, B, G, H, K and L. Roberts' battalion became 
C, D and F. Major Roberts was commissioned colonel and Hermann 
Segebarth became major. The regimental headquarters was established 
at Fortress Monroe. Company H was stationed at Baltimore.* De- 

*Company H was sent to Fort Delaware from Camp Ruff, in Camden, 
under arrest for insubordination, due to a fraud practiced upon the men in con- 
nection with their bounties, an offence finally resulting in the discharge of Major 
Segebarth from the service. (Pennsylvania at Gettysburg, Vol. II, page goo.) 
The company was stationed at Baltimore during its entire term of service. At 
various times it served as a naval detachment, heavy and light artillery and as 
cavalry. It was present at Gettysburg as a light battery attached to the cavalry 
corps, one section taking part in the battle. It was recruited chiefly in Lebanon 
County, but contained a number of Philadelphians. 



153 

tachments served in the Naval Brigade, upon the James River and its 
tributaries, and at the capture of Fort Fisher. In an engagement at 
Smithfield, Virginia, the gunboat containing Company A was attacked 
and Capt. John Krause, with many of his company, were captured. 
Twenty-one of these prisoners perished at Andersonville and Salisbury 
from starvation. Company I was detailed as guard at headquarters, 
Army of the James, and in that capacity witnessed the scene of the 
surrender at Appomattox Court House. Upon April ist, 1864, six 
hundred men from the regiment volunteered to enlist in a new regiment 
which was designated the "i88th" Pennsylvania Infantry, The several 
companies of the I52d were constantly sent out upon special service 
with the Army of the James and Army of the Potomac, acting, as 
occasion demanded, as light and heavy artillery and infantry. One of 
the detachments, a part of Company F, was returning from Wilmington, 
N. C, upon the steamer "General Lyon." This vessel was burned off 
Cape Hatteras and twenty-one of the men were lost. 

At Fortress Monroe a portion of the regiment guarded Camp Ham- 
ilton, a prison and distribution camp, and after the close of hostilities 
in the field it was the lot of the "i52d" to guard the late President 
of the Confederacy. Few regiments in the service were called upon to 
perform such varied service and none performed it more effectively. 
Companies A and B were mustered out at Fortress Monroe July nth, 
1865. Company H was mustered out at Baltimore upon July 25th, 1865. 
The balance of the regiment was retained at Fortress Monroe until 
November 9th, when it was mustered out at that point. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded. men 19 

Died from disease and in prison officers, i ; men, 214 

SERVICE AND BATTLES. 

Detachments of all the companies excepting H served at times in Graham's 
Naval Brigade upon the Virginia rivers. Companies A, B, F and G, defence of 
Sufifolk, April and May, 1863. Detachment of Company A at Smithfield, N. C, 
February ist, 1864, and at siege of Plymouth, N. C, April, 1864. Companies 
D, E and G serving in forts around Richmond and Petersburg, from May, 1864, 
to end of the war. Company F on guard duty at prison camp, near Fortress 
Monroe, from September, 1863, to end of the war. Company I at Headquarters, 
Army of the James, and present at the surrender at Appomattox. Company M 
acting as siege artillery with Army of the James to end of the war. Detachments 
of Companies F and G fought at Fort Fisher, January 15th, 1865. Company H 
stationed at Baltimore, was on duty at Gettysburg.* 

*The nature of the varied forms of service performed in the course of its line 
of duty by heavy artillery cannot be expressed in any enumeration of the skir- 
mishes, engagements or battles its component parts may have experienced. The 
chief value of this arm is the guarding of forts and fortified camps, but its bat- 
teries were often found also upon the battle line and acting not infrequently with 
the navv. 



INDEPENDENT BATTERY E (KNAP'S) 

Philadelphia Men, 40. 



UNDER the direction of Brig.-Gen. John W. Geary, by authority 
of the War Department, a number of men from the ranks of 
the 28th Regiment Infantry were detached, at Point of Rocks, 
Maryland, to fill a Pittsburgh company in the formation of an 
independent battery of light artillery. Forty of these men were taken 
from the two Philadelphia companies of the "28th." First Lieut. Joseph 
M. Knap, Company L of the "28th," was commissioned captain. This 
battery, mustered in upon October ist, 1861, was thus intimately related 
to the "28th" and served with the latter, under Gen. Geary, in the Army 
of the Potomac, Army of the Cumberland and in the campaign, under 
Gen. Sherman, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Savannah and Goldsboro, 
N. C. In this campaign it fought in one of the late battles of the war, 
at Bentonville, N. C., on March 19th, 1865, being the only Pennsylvania 
battery present. Capt. Knap resigned upon May i8th, 1863, and was 
succeeded by First Lieut. Charles A. Atwell (killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., 
October 29th, 1863). The third captain was James D. McGill, who 
resigned in July, 1864, and the fourth, Thomas S. Sloan. First Lieut. 
Edward R. Geary, son of Gen. Geary, was killed in the action at Wau- 
hatchie, Tenn., October 29th, 1863.* 

Capt. Knap commanded an emergency battery from Pittsburgh dur- 
ing the summer of 1863, and in 1864 organized a "90-day" militia bat- 
talion of independent artillery. 



INDEPENDENT BATTERY A (HEAVY ARTILLERY) 

Captain Frank Schaffer to February 28th, 1862. 
Captain Stanislaus Mlotkowski to June 30th, 1865. 
150 Officers and Men. 



RECRUITED in the fall of 1861, this battery was stationed at 
Fort Delaware through the three years of its service. A de- 
tachment of non-re-enlisted men, was mustered out September 
19th, 1864. Those who re-enlisted as veteran volunteers re- 
mained at the fort up to the period of their discharge, June 30th, 1865. 

*In addition to the two commissioned officers of the battery killed at Wau- 
hatchie, the command lost twenty-four men killed and wounded out of forty-eight 
present. The enemy left upon the field more men than were in the entire Union 
force opposed to them. 

154 



CAVALRY VOLUNTEERS. THREE YEAR ENLISTMENTS 





HILADELPHIA furnished to the Union 
armies more cavalrymen than any other 
city with the possible exception, of New 
York. The only body of volunteer cavalry 
in the field during the three months' campaign, and 
the first volunteer regiment of cavalry mustered 
into the three-year service were of Philadelphia 
origin. This arm attracted a large element from 
youth of position and wealth. The officers were 
generally worthy of the men they led. 



FIFTY=NINTH REGIMENT (SECOND CAVALRY) 

Colonel R. Butler Price to January 31st, 1865. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Jos:. P. Brinton to February 28th, 1865. 
Major Joseph Steele to June 17th, 1865. 
Colonel William W. Sanders to July 13th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,970 Officers and Men. 




F the twelve companies composing this regiment seven, A, B, 
C, E, G, H and K, were recruited in Philadelphia, the bal- 
ance coming from the interior counties. The command was 
formed between September, 1861, and April, 1862. The Phila- 
delphia companies were rendezvoused at Camp Patterson, Point Breeze. 
Upon April 14th, 1862, the regiment was assembled at Baltimore, 
and upon the 25th proceeded to Washington, and, being furnished with 
mounts, was encamped at Cloud's Mills, Va., where the command was 
assigned to Cooke's Brigade, ist Reserve Army Corps. Early in August 
the regiment moved to the Rapidan River and there joined Gen. N. B. 
Buford's Brigade of the Second Corps. In the course of Pope's cam- 
paign at Cedar Mountain, the second Bull Run and Chantilly the regi- 
ment performed important services and sustained considerable loss. On 
September loth Col. Price succeeded Gen. Buford in command of the 
brigade. Lieut.-Col. Joseph P. Brinton assumed command of the regi- 
ment. On October ist Price's Brigade became the First Brigade, Bay- 
ard's Division. In the autumn movements on the Occoquan River, a tri- 
butary of the Potomac, a portion of the regiment was overwhelmed, 

15s 



156 

losing about one hundred killed, wounded and missing. Wintering in this 
section, the 2d Cavalry joined the Second Brigade of Stahel's Division, 
at Fairfax Court House, on April 4th, 186^. In the Gettysburg campaign 
this division was commanded by Major-General Alfred Pleasonton. The 
duties of the regiment at Gettysburg, as it was attached to the provost 
guard at headquarters, being the patrol of the rear, to escort the body of 
Gen, Reynolds and guard three thousand prisoners to Westminster, Mary- 
land, and, later, to perform provost duty after the battle; its losses were 
few. After the pursuit of the enemy and a series of forays, the regiment 
was attached, on October 19th, to the Second Brigade, Second Division, 
Cavalry Corps. The cavalry was actively engaged in the various clashes 
of the Mine Run campaign and in a raid into the Shenandoah Valley. 
While in winter quarters at Warrenton a large proportion of the regi- 
ment re-enlisted. When the veterans returned, with many recruits, the 
2d Cavalry participated in the battle at Todd's Tavern, on May 7th, 1864, 
and in Sheridan's raid toward Richmond, destroying the railroad and sup- 
plies, defeating Stuart's Cavalry at Yellow Tavern and attacking the 
works within sight of the Confederate capital. Crossing the Chickahominy 
River, the raid was continued to the James River, after which the cavalry 
finally rejoined the army. A second equally daring raid, for the de- 
struction of the railroads, formed a part of the cavalry duties in the 
general advance commanded by Gen. Grant. In July the Second Brigade 
was employed in front of Petersburg. Subsequently it accompanied 
the expedition to Deep Bottom, north of the James River, and was 
engaged in the affairs of August 14th and i6th at Malvern Hill and 
Charles City Cross Roads. In February, 1865, Lieut.-Col. Brinton was 
honorably discharged. He was succeeded by Junior Major Joseph Steele. 
Under this officer the regiment participated in the campaign incident 
to the reduction of Petersburg and the event of Appomattox. 

After a brief connection with the ist Pennsylvania Provisional 
Cavalry the regiment was mustered out at Cloud's Mills, Va., July 13th, 
1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 52 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 183 

Wounded, not mortally " 9 J " 108 

Captured or missing " i ; " 90 

BATTLES. 

Wolftown, Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Catlett's Station, Second 
Bull Run, Chantilly, Occoquan, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, 
Todd's Tavern, Beaver Dam Station, Yellow Tavern, Ground Squirrel Bridge, 
Richmond Fortifications, Meadow Bridge, Brook Church, Hawes' Shop, Hanov«r 
Court House, Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, White House Landing, Baltimore 
Cross Roads, St. Mary's Church, Jerusalem Plank Road, Lee's Mills, Malvern Hill, 
Deep Bottom, White Oak Swamp, Ream's Station, Poplar Spring Church, Wyatt's 
Farm, Stony Creek Station, Boydton Road, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Campaign. 



SIXTIETH REGIMENT (THIRD CAVALRY) 

(Young's Kentucky Cavalry) 

Colonel William H. Young to October 31st, 1861. 
Colonel William W. Averill to September 26th, 1862. 
Colonel John B. McIntosh to July 21st, 1864. 

LlEUT.-CoLONEL EdWARD S. JoNES tO AugUSt 24th, 1864. 

Total Enrollment, 1,856 Officers and Men. 



WILLIAM H. YOUNG, of Kentucky, undertook the organi- 
zation of this regiment in Philadelphia in the summer 
of 1861. The several companies were recruited in various 
sections. Companies A (the Merchant Troop), B, C, F, I, K 
and M were raised in Philadelphia, D came from Washington (being 
known as the "President's Mounted Guard"), E was recruited in Lycom- 
ing, Clinton and Tioga Counties, G was of Pittsburgh origin. H (the 
old "Adamantine Guards," dating from 1801) was from Cumberland 
County, L came from Schuylkill County. A few of the men in Com- 
pany I were from Delaware County. The first company (A) was sent 
to Washington on July i8th and other companies speedily followed, al- 
though without uniforms or equipments. The regiment was assembled 
and equipped in Washington Park, Washington, D. C. It was, as official 
records prove, the first volunteer cavalry regiment of the Union Army to 
take the field.* 

The unfortunate and unaccountable synonym of the regiment re- 
sulted in its failure to secure its proper numerical designation and it thus 
became known to fame as the "3d" Cavalry. 

Soon after organization the command of the regiment was given to 
William W. Averill, a graduate of West Point and an accomplished of- 
ficer of the regular army, under whom the men were thoroughly drilled 
through the winter at Camp Marcy, upon the site of which the important 
army post of Camp Meyer is now located. With the opening of an 
active campaign on March loth, 1862, the 3d Cavalry was the extreme 
advance of the Army of the Potomac, and the first Union troops to 
enter Centreville and to traverse the battlefield of Bull Run since the 

*Headquarters Cavalry Brigade. 

Washington, D. C, September 11, 1861. 

Colonel W. H. Young, Commanding Kentucky Cavalry. 

Colonel, allow me to congratulate you upon having put the first regiment of 
cavalry in the field. * * * * 

George StonEman, Brig.-Gen. and Chief of Cavalry. 
(Extract) 



158 

disastrous rout of the summer of 1861. A few days after this episode 
the regiment was embarked from Alexandria via Fortress Monroe to 
the Virginia Peninsula. Here the 3d Cavalry was attached to Heintzel- 
man's Third Corps. Following the reduction of Yorktown and Williams- 
burg the cavalry swept in advance of the army toward its goal at Rich- 
mond. Then followed the month of battles and marches, beginning with 
Fair Oaks and ending at Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing, the 
cavalry constantly defending the army trains from the inroads of the 
enemy. At Harrison's Landing the cavalry arm was reorganized, the 
"3d" being assigned to the First Brigade, which was in command of 
Col. Averill, who was active in forays upon both sides of the James 
River. When McClellan's army again moved the 3d Cavalry proceeded 
down the Peninsula, embarked at Yorktown, and on September 6th 
reached Washington and was at once hurried through Maryland, and on 
the evening of September i6th Companies C and H were the advance 
troops to first develop the enemy's position at Antietam. Upon Col. 
Averill's promotion to the rank of brigade commander, another cavalry 
officer of the regular service, Lieut. John B. Mcintosh, a graduate of the 
Naval Academy, was commissioned colonel. After a period of frequent 
brushes with the enemy the "3d" went into winter quarters on Potomac 
Creek, remaining there until the following March. At this time the 
Cavalry Corps was organized under Gen. Stoneman. The cavalry signal- 
ized the beginning" of the campaign of 1863 at Kelly's Ford, "the first 
cavalry battle of the Civil War." Then followed Chancellorsville and 
Stoneman's raid and the prelude to Gettysburg. Upon that field the 
Second Cavalry Division, far out upon the right flank, had its own 
battle, of momentous importance to the army and the Nation, but ob- 
scured by the dramatic events nearer the town. It was here that the 
"3d" was the point of the flying wedge that broke Stuart's advance and 
saved the lines on Cemetery Ridge and the reserves from attack in the 
rear. The tactical importance of this action as a factor in the general 
result of the battle cannot be overestimated. 

The autumn movements included actions at Culpeper, Rapidan Sta- 
tion and Occoquan. At the latter affair Lieut. Ellwood Davis, of Com- 
pany H, was killed. In the trying Mine Run experience the "3d" was 
engaged at New Hope Church and Parker's Store, losing fifty-three men, 
killed, wounded and captured. At the end of the year the regiment was 
"veteranized." Those who re-enlisted, at a time when the conditions 
were most depressing, numbered seventy-five. This contingent, together 
with men whose terms of enlistment had not expired and five newly re- 
cruited companies, carried the colors of the "3d" through to Appomattox 
and for several months later. A tragic event, occurring at this period, 
was the death of Capt. Walter S. Newhall, drowned, on December 18th, 
1863.* (Note on following page.) 

Under a new commander, coming from his western triumphs, the 
Army of the Potomac renewed, in the spring of 1864, its determined 



159 

efforts to carry the flag of the Union further south. The Cavalry Corps 
was now led by Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. The 3d Cavalry was 
honored by selection for duty at Headquarters of the army, under the 
command of the Provost Marshal General, and as the escort of Gen. 
U. S. Grant once more led the army toward the James River. The 3d 
Cavalry was the first to reach Butler's "bottled up" command. An order 
was issued on July 17th which resulted in the formation of the veterans 
and recruits into an independent veteran battalion. 

The non-veterans when entitled to discharge were sent to Wash- 
ington and thence to further duty in the Shenandoah Valley. This con- 
tingent was finally mustered out at Philadelphia, August 24th, 1864. The 
Philadelphians who remained with the colors reached home, as part of 
the 5th Cavalry, one year later. 

The 3d Battalion escorted Gens. Grant and Meade into the fallen 
City of Petersburg and a few days later led the army, as escort of Gen. 
Meade, to Appomattox Court House, and was witness of the formal 
surrender agreed upon at the McLean house. 

While engaged upon provost duty at Richmond the 3d Battalion 
was consolidated into four companies and under Lieut.-Col. James W. 
Walsh the command was transferred to the 5th Cavalry. Here the 
identity of the "3d" was lost. These troops were mustered out at Rich- 
mond on August 7th, 1865, and returned by sea to Philadelphia. A 
number of the officers afterward entered the regular army, one. Col. John 
B. Mcintosh, reaching the rank of brevet major-igeneral. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, i ; men, 44 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 125 

Wounded, not mortally " 7 ; " 59 

Captured or missing " 7 ; " 161 

BATTLES. 

Magruder's Ferry, Springfield Station, Vienna, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Sav- 
age Station, Jordan's Ford, Charles City Cross Roads, Malvern Hill, Sycamore 
Church, Antietam, Harper's Ferry, Four Locks, Unionville, Piedmont, Ashby's Gap, 
Amissville, Newby's Cross Roads, Kelly's Ford, Hartwood Church, Stoneman's 
raid. Brandy Station, Aldie, Gettysburg, Old Antietam Forge, Shepherdstown, Cul- 
peper, Rapidan Station, Occoquan, Mine Run, Ellis' Ford, Warrenton, Wilderness, 
Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomoy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Boydton Plank 
Road, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Court House. 

♦Fearless, enterprising and efficient, Capt. Walter Symonds Newhall, of the 
Germantown family of the ,name, was the admiration of every cavalryman. 
In the opening months of the war he had served as an officer under the 
intrepid Major Zagonyi in the western army. At the date of his death he was 
Acting Assistant Adjutant General on the brigade staff. Upon starting to join his 
brother, Capt. Frederick C. Newhall, of Gen. Pleasonton's staff, upon a visit home, 
he was drowned by his horse falling upon him at a ford of an effluent stream of 
the Rappahannock River. Ever afterward the Newhall memorial flag was carried 
with the regimental colors at the head of the regiment. 



SIXTY=FIFTH REGIMENT (FIFTH CAVALRY) 

(" Cameron Dragoons " ) 

Colonel Max Friedman to March 9th, 1862. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Stephen E. Smith to September 29th, i86'2. 
Colonel David Campbell to October 13th, 1862. 
LiEUT.-CoL. William Lewis to April 29th, 1864. 
Colonel Robert M, West to August 7th, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, about 3,000 Officers and Men. 



^ ■ ^ HIS regiment was composed of twelve companies, of which ten 
I were recruited in Philadelphia, and two, L and M, in Pittsburgh. 

fl Under the synonym of the "Cameron Dragoons" the command 

was regarded as an independent organization, being formed 
by direct orders of the Secretary of War. In October, 1861, it was 
credited by the Government to the quota of the State of Pennsylvania, 
and was designated by Governor Curtin as the 65th Regiment of the 
line. In its formative period it was encamped upon Ridge road, near 
Girard College, leaving for Washington on August 22d, where the Pitts- 
burgh companies reported later. The urgent need of cavalry at that time 
resulted in the immediate use of these untried troopers who began, by de- 
tachments, their active service as scouts under Brig.-Generals Louis 
Blenker and William F. Smith, in the Army of the Potomac, and later 
as part of the advance brigade commanded by Col. Robert M. West. 
In May, under the command of Col. David Campbell, the regiment was 
transferred to the vicinity of Yorktown and Williamsburg, Va., (with 
the exception of Companies I and K) operating in the rear of the army 
then moving toward Richmond. The regiment remained in this section 
of Virginia about sixteen months, and although liberally recruited, was 
greatly reduced from malarial sickness, which filled the hospitals and 
caused many deaths.* In this interval Col. Campbell had been captured, 
exchanged and had resigned, the command devolving on Lieut.-Col. Wil- 
liam Lewis. On September 8th, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Nor- 
folk, and thence sent into the Dismal Swamp and Currituck regions of Vir- 
ginia and North Carolina. The warfare in this truly dismal section of 
the South, against guerillas and bushwhackers, was difficult and trying. 
At Great Bridge, in Norfolk Co., Va., in October, 1864, about one-half 

* The records of this regiment reveal the interesting fact that, although in 
active service through a period of four years, but one of more than one hundred 
officers was killed, this solitary exception being Lieut. Samuel M. Williamson, of 
Company H, who refused to surrender after being twice wounded. The relatively 
large mortality list of officers and men who succumbed to disease was the inevitable 
result of almost constant campaigning in the malarial tidewater lowlands of 
Virginia and North Carolina. 

160 



i6i 

of the regiment re-enlisted. Soon afterward the regiment was assigned 
to a brigade of cavalry commanded by Col. Samuel P. Spear, of the 
nth Pennsylvania Cavalry, then near Norfolk, and participated in an 
expedition intended to liberate the prisoners held at Richmond. This 
movement failed, and the 5th Cavalry returned to its winter camp at 
Great Bridge, Va. In March, 1864, the regiment received two hundred 
and thirty-one recruits. Lieut.-Col. Lewis was mustered out on April 
29th, and Maj. Christopher Kleinz was appointed to succeed him. 

With the beginning of the active campaign of 1864, in May, the 
Fifth Cavalry distinguished itself in Kautz's effective raid into Sussex 
County to cripple the Weldon Railroad. This finally brought the regi- 
ment into touch with Gen. Butler's force at Bermuda Hundred, from 
which base another raid was made upon the Richmond & Danville Rail- 
road, and after much skirmishing the command returned to the James 
river. On May 226. Col. Robert M. West, of the 43d (Pennsylvania) 
Regiment (,First Artillery Reserve Corps) was commissioned colonel of 
the 5th Cavalry, which was now employed in the early demonstrations 
which began the long siege of Petersburg, and in June participated in 
Wilson's raid, resulting in the further destruction of the Weldon Rail- 
road. In the cavalry battle at Ream's Station the regiment lost in killed, 
wounded and captured, about three hundred men. 

In the series of swift actions, north and south of the James river, 
the cavalry was invariably at the front, and when the 5tli Cavalry es- 
tablished winter quarters at Charles City Road it was but a shadow of 
a regiment. It remained here, on the picket line, to March 25th, 1865, 
when, under Lieut.-Col. Christopher Kleinz, it joined the cavalry led by 
Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, thus having a spirited share in the fighting 
which led to the surrender of Appomattox. After this event the cavalry 
division was sent to Lynchburg, but, a few days later, began its march 
toward Richmond and Washington. On May 19th three hundred and 
thirty-one officers and men were mustered out, and on June 6th the re- 
mainder was consolidated with the 3d Cavalry, which, in turn, was 
mustered out on August 7th, at Richmond, Va. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, i ; men, 76. 

Died from disease or in southern prisons* " 6 ; " 210. 

BATTLES, ACTIONS, ETC. 

Pohick Church; Fhnt Hill and Hunter's Mill; scout to Gloucester Point (de- 
tachment) ; scout about Williamsburg; Mechanicsville (skirmish) ; seven days 
before Richmond (Companies I and K) ; Savage Station; White Oak Swamp 
Bridge; Malvern Hill; reconnaissance to Gloucester, etc. (detachment). Williams- 
burg and Fort Magruder; scout from Yorktown; Burnt Ordinary; Olive Creek 
Church (detachment); Williamsburg; Whittaker's Mills; Chowan River; Nine 

*0f those captured from the 5th Cavalry, seventy-six died in the Southern 
prison pens. 

II 



l62 

Mile Ordinary; Diascund Bridge; Dix's Peninsular campaign; Barnesville; Balti- 
more Crossroads; Bottom's Bridge (July 2d); Bottom's Bridge (Aug. 26-29) ; 
New Kent Court House ; Dismal Swamp region, N. C. ; Kempsville, Indiantown, 
Drummond Lake (Companies F and H) ; advance to Raleigh (detachment) ; 
Currituck Court House; Back Bay; scout from Great Bridge (detachment) ; Bingo 
Landing (detachment) ; Camden Court House; expedition to South Mills and 
Camden ; Wistar's expedition toward Richmond ; Deep Creek ; Ballahock Station ; 
expedition to the Blackwater (detachment) ; Kautz's raid on the Petersburg and 
Weldon R. R. ; Kautz's raid on Richmond and Danville R. R. ; before Petersburg; 
siege operations against Petersburg and Richmond, including Roanoke Station; 
Wilson's raid; Staunton River Bridge; Stony Creek; Ream's Station; demonstra- 
tion to Deep Bottom and Malvern Hill; New Market Heights; Darbytown Road; 
Charles City Crossroads; Fair Oaks; Appomattox campaign, including Dinwiddle 
Court House, Five Forks, Hatcher's Run, near Amelia Court House; Burkesville, 
Sailor's Creek, Prince Edwards Court House, Appomattox Court House; duty at 
Richmond and other points to Aug. i6th, 1865. 



SEVENTIETH REGIMENT (SIXTH CAVALRY) 

Colonel Richard H. Rush to September 29th, 1863.* 
Colonel Charles L. Leiper to June 17th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,800 Officers and Men. 



OF the ten original companies of this regiment, known as the 
"Philadelphia Light Cavalry," nine were of local origin and 
one. Company G, came from Reading. Col. Rush, who had 
an enviable reputation as a cavalry officer of the regular ser- 
vice, was authorized to select his officers, and they were chosen with 
reference to their social standing, soldierly qualities and experience in the 
three-months' regiments then returning from the field. Recruiting began 
at headquarters, 883 Market street, on July 27th, 1861. As rapidly as 
companies were formed they were sent to Camp Meigs, on the Logan 
Estate at Old Second street and Nicetown lane. Major-Gen. George B. 
McClellan expressed the wish that the command should be armed with 
lances, a weapon not before used by American troops. This suggestion 
was adopted by the officers, f The lances were provided at the end of 

*Col. Richard Henry Rush was born in England January 14th, 1825, his 
father being at the time United States Minister to the Court of St. James. He 
graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1846 and served with 
the army in Mexico. After his discharge from the colonelcy of the 6th Cavalry 
he became commander of the Veteran Reserve Corps. He died October 17th, 
1893. 

fThis weapon was nine feet long, with an eleven inch, three-edged blade. 
The staff was of Norway fir, with a ferrule and counter-poise at the heel. Each 
lance bore a scarlet swallow-tailed pennant. They were made under the super- 
vision of the titled European ofScers attached to the staff of Major. Gen. McClellan 
who probably suggested the innovation to him. The lance was discarded eventually, 
being iinsuited to use in the South. 



1 63 

November and were carried by the 6th Cavalry at the presentation of 
State flags on December 4th (in which five infantry regiments par- 
ticipated) and in a street parade on December 6th, long remembered as 
one of the most imposing military displays ever seen in Philadelphia. 
Thereafter the regiment was called "Rush's Lancers." It was com- 
pletely uniformed, equipped and mounted by the Government before be- 
ing ordered into active service. 

On December loth Companies A, B, C and F proceeded to Washing- 
ton, and the balance of the command followed within a few days. The 
regiment was encamped at Camp Barclay, north of the city. On January 
1st, 1862, to the music of their splendid mounted band, the Lancers, 
nearly 1,000 strong, paraded through the Capital City. 

The 6th Cavalry entered Virginia on March loth, 1862. On May 3d 
it was embarked upon a fleet of schooners and tug boats to Fortress 
Monroe, being attached to Emory's Second Brigade, Cavalry Reserve. 
During the month the regiment as a whole, or in detachments, fought 
its way up the peninsula, sharing the fortunes of McClellan's army, then 
near Richmond, picketing the roads and covering the retirement of the 
artillery and wagon trains through the "change of base." With the ex- 
ception of three detached companies the regiment acted as headquarters 
guard from Harrison's Landing, and in early September moved from 
Washington, with Pleasanton's Cavalry Division, upon the Antietam 
Campaign. In the battle of the 17th (Antietam) the regimental loss was 
slight. In October the Confederate raider, Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, occupied 
the attention of the cavalry in Maryland. 

Two additional companies were recruited in Philadelphia and, as L 
and M, joined the regiment in November. Part of the regiment was de- 
tailed as headquarters guard in December in Franklin's Grand Division, 
during the Fredericksburg campaign. After the "mud march" substan- 
tial winter quarters were built at Belle Plain Landing, on the Potomac 
River. Illness, due to exposure in the early campaign of 1862, compelled 
Col. Rush to resign. Major Robert Morris, Jr., taking temporary com- 
mand. During the Chancellorsville campaign the regiment raided with 
Stoneman's Cavalry in the rear of the Confederates, destroying the rail- 
roads and canals. At Beverly Ford, on May 9th, the 6th Cavalry charged 
the Confederate artillery, and sustained its greatest loss, many of the 
officers and men being killed, wounded or captured. With the Cavalry 
Reserve Brigade the regiment reached Gettysburg on the night of July 
2d, occupying a position at the extreme left near Round Top, fighting 
dismounted, on the 3d, losing twelve officers and men killed and 
wounded. Merritt's Cavalry was immediately sent to Williamsport, 
Maryland, and there fought the retreating Confederates, at heavy cost, 
meeting them again in the passes of the Blue Ridge, with further casual- 
ties. After a period of recuperation at Washington the 6th Cavalry 
entered upon the Mine Run campaign, later going into winter quarters 
near Culpeper. On December 31, 1863, one hundred and forty men re- 



164 

enlisted. In the two months of constant battling, from Spotsylvania 
through to Petersburg, the 6th Cavalry followed Sheridan in two effective 
raids. At Petersburg, on July 3d, Major James Starr, who had been 
wounded in the Wilderness, resumed command. In August the cavalry 
were hastened to the Shenandoah Valley, there encountering the usual 
summer raiders. While in this section a large proportion of the men 
were mustered out. The veterans and recruits were sent to the re-mount 
camp in Maryland, and in November the regiment was quartered at 
Hagerstown. At Winchester, Va., in January, eight hundred recruits were 
added to the regiment and Major Leiper was mustered as lieutenant- 
colonel. 

On February 27th Merritt's First Cavalry Division moved as a part 
of Sheridan's force upon the last chapter in their long and varied record 
of warfare. After four weeks of destructive energy the cavalry reached 
Petersburg. In the exciting final running fight to Appomattox the regi- 
ment waged its last battle, dismounted, on the White Oak Road. After 
the dispersal of Lee's brave fragment of an army the regiment was sent 
to Danville, Va.* On June 17th, 1865, at Washington the men of the 
old "6th" were merged with the 2dt and 17th Provisional Cavalry and 
were subsequently sent to Louisville, Kentucky, there being mustered out 
on August 7th, 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 7 ; men, 72 

Died from disease or other cause " 3 ; " 86 

Wounded, not mortally " 11; " 222 

Captured or missing " 6 ; " 204 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Hanover Court House, Beaver Dam Station, Gaines' Mill, Glendale, White 
Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Jefferson, Crampton's Gap, Antietam. Fredericksburg, 
Occoquan, Stoneman's Raid. Beverly Ford, Aldie, Gettysburg, Greencastle, Wil- 
liamsport, Boonsboro, Beaver Creek, Funkstown, Falling Waters, Manassas Gap, 
Brandy Station, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, Charlottesville, Wilderness, Spotsyl- 
vania, Beaver Dam Station, Yellow Tavern, Meadow Bridge, Old Church, Cold 
Harbor, Trevilian Station, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Berryville, Smithfield, 
Waynesboro, Dinwiddie Court Hose, Five Forks, Appomattox Court House. 

*"No organization in either the regular or volunteer service enjoyed a more 
enviable reputation in every respect, and its service was of so valuable a character 
to the Government that every endeavor was made by me, after its muster out, to 
have an organization formed, the nucleus of which should be such officers and 
men of the original regiment as were desirous of again entering the service." 

Phiup H. Sheridan, 

Major-Gen., U. S. A. 

tThe 2d Provisional Cavalry was commanded by Col. Hampton S. Thomas, 
late major of the 1st Cavalry. 



EIQHTY=NINTH REGIMENT (EIGHTH CAVALRY) 

Colonel Ernest G. Chorman to January, 1862. 
Colonel David McM, Gregg to January 17th, 1863. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Samuel Wilson to October 17th, 1864. 
Colonel Pennock Huey to January 13th, 1865. 
Colonel William A. Corrie to August 3d, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,816 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was recruited in July, August and September, 
1861, being originally planned as a command of mounted 
rifles. The Philadelphia companies were C, D, E, F, G, H, 
I, K, L and M ; the latter company, however, was partly raised 
in Bucks and Montgomery counties. Companies A and B came from 
Chester and Lycoming counties respectively. The organization camp 
was at Nicetown. Leaving Philadelphia on October 4th, the regiment 
was soon afterward stationed upon Arlington Heights, Va., being at- 
tached to Gen. Fitz John Porter's Division. In January, 1862, Capt. 
David McM. Gregg, of the 6th (Regular) Cavalry, was commissioned 
as colonel, and under this officer the command became thoroughly effi- 
cient. In April the 8th Cavalry was ordered to Hampton, Va. After 
the capture of Yorktown the regiment was sent up the Peninsula, meeting 
with parties of the enemy at New Kent Court House and Bottom's 
Bridge. In the campaign against Richmond the 8th Cavalry was 
alternately advance and rear guard of the army, and was involved in 
constant skirmishes between Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, through to 
Malvern Hill and Harrison's Landing. Late in August the regiment was 
transported to Alexandria and attached to the Second Brigade, Brig.- 
Gen. Alfred Pleasonton, Cavalry Division. In the campaign which 
included the battle of Antietam the 8th Cavalry rode through Maryland 
and on to Gettysburg, then endangered by raiders. The regiment reached 
Antietam the day after the battle. Upon its southward march, in eighteen 
days, beginning with November ist, the command fought thirteen actions 
and skirmishes. One squadron was present with Franklin's Grand Di- 
vision at the battle of Fredericksburg on December I2th-i4th. With 
its camp at Falmouth and at Aquia Landing the 8th Cavalry picketed 
the lower Rappahannock River through the winter. In January Col. 
Gregg was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. Major Pennock 
Huey being commissioned colonel. The regiment was now attached to 
Pleasonton's Cavalry Division. On April 21st, 1863, the cavalry held 
the fords of the Rappahannock, the "8th" leading the extreme advance 
to Chancellorsville. On the evening of May 2d, at the left of the Union 
line, the 8th Cavalry unexpectedly encountered the leading column of 
Jackson's Confederates, Col. Huey ordered and led a charge into the 

165 



i66 

mass of infantry, in which about one hundred and fifty of the regiment 
were killed and wounded. Among the officers who died here was Major 
Peter Keenan, second in command.* It was near this scene, and as a 
result of the charge, that Major-Gen. Thomas Jonathan Jackson ("Stone- 
wall") was wounded by his own troops, in the darkness, from the effects 
of which he died eight days later. 

After an affair near Bank's Ford and several weeks of patrol duty 
in King George County the regiment, leaving Falmouth, moved north- 
ward toward Maryland. The Second Brigade, under Col. Huey, jomed 
in Gen. Kilpatrick's raid upon the Confederate rear, which included a 
midnight battle at Monterey Pass, and severe engagements at Hagers- 
town, Williamsport, Boonsboro, St. James College and Jones' Cross 
Roads, all incident to the Confederate retreat from Gettysburg. At 
Williamsport, Md., on July 14th, the regiment waged the last fight of 
the campaign north of the Potomac River. 

Throughout the balance of the summer and the autumn the activities 
of the 8th Cavalry included a succession of engagements, skirmishes and 
raids which ended with the dash of December into the Luray Valley, 
and a second raid across the Blue Ridge at Chester Gap in early January, 
1864, which was attended with great suffering from the intense cold. 
At Warrenton winter quarters were established and here the regiment 
re-enlisted, being given the usual furlough. The campaign of 1864 be- 
gan with the cavalry raid, led by Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, through the 
Wilderness up to the fortifications of Richmond. In the course of this, 
and a subsequent raid to Gordonsville, the 8th Cavalry sustained heavy 
losses constantly. Through July and August the "8th" rode and fought 
alternately through the region south of Petersburg and the old battle 
grounds north of the James River. Finally, on August 20th, it crossed 
the James for the last time in the course of the war. Through the fall, 
winter and spring there was no such thing as "cease firing" for the 
cavalry. Few kept count of the forays, the skirmishes, the battles. It 
was one constant Titanic struggle up to that disastrous cavalry duel at 
Farmville, two days before the surrender, when the expiring prey turned 
and left its heavy mark upon the 8th Cavalry. Those who escaped this 
punishment made the final charge of the war in Virginia at Appomattox. 
With the disappearance of an armed opponent force m Virginia the 
cavalry was hurried toward the scene of Sherman's operations, but was 
not needed. The 8th Cavalry was then sent to Lynchburg, its several 
squadrons being stationed for the restoration of order in various towns. 
On July 24th the 8th and i6th Cavalry Regiments were consolidated. 
At Richmond, on August nth, the men were mustered out of the service. 
The regimental historian states that the 8th Cavalry participated in 

*The official report of Brig.-Gen. Alfred Pleasonton with regard to this 
aflfair and the publication of a poem entitled "Keenan's Ride" led to a controversy 
which was long and bitter. For details see "A True History of the Charge of the 
8th Cavalry at Chancellorsville," Pennock Huey (Colonel), second edition, 1885. 



167 

one hundred and thirty-five battles, engagements and skirmishes, a record 
equalled by but one other command. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 5 ; men, 57. 

Died from disease or other causes " 2 ; " 126. 

Wounded, not mortally " 8 ; " 185. 

Captured or missing " 6 ; " 308. 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Yorktown, New Kent Court House, Bottom's Bridge, the Chimneys, White 
Oak Swamp (May 24th, 1862), Savage's Station (May 24th, 1862), Seven Pines 
(May 24th, 1862), Fair Oaks (May 2Sth, 1862), Garnett's Farm, Fair Oaks (May 
31st, June 1st, 1862), White Oak Swanrn (June 28th, 1862), Malvern Hill (July 
Tst, 1862), Haxall's Landing, Carter's Farm, Malvern Hill (August 5th, 1862), 
Harrison's Landing, Falls Church, Sugar Loaf Mountain, Frederick City, Middle- 
town, Antietam or Sharpsburg (September i8th, 1862), Blackford's Ford, Martins- 
burg, Shcpherdstown, Monocacy (mouth of the), Philomont, Union, Upperville 
(November 3d, 1862), Ashby's Gap, Markham, Barbee's Cross Roads, Hazel River, 
Corbin's Cross Roads or Amissville, Leedstown, Fredericksburg, Richard's Ford, 
Ely's Ford, Ely's Ford Road, Tabernacle Church, Chancellorsville, United States 
Ford, Bank's Ford, Gainesville, Thoroughfare Gap, Emmitsburg, Monterey Gap, 
Smithsburg, Hagerstown, Williamsport, Boonsboro, Jones' Cross Roads, St. James' 
College, Shepherdstown, Culpeper Court House, Rapidan Station, Sulphur Springs, 
Auburn, Bristoe Station, Wilderness or Todd's Tavern, Spotsylvania, Beaver Dam 
Ford, Ground Squirrel Church, Hungary Station, Brook Church or Fortifications 
of Richmond, Gaines' Mill, Cold Harbor, Trevilian Station, St. Mary's Church, 
Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Reams' Station, Jerusalem Plank 
Road, Stony Creek Road, Wyatt's House, Vaughan Road, Boydton Plank Road, 
Belfield, Rowanty Creek, Hatcher's Run, Dinwiddle Court House, Five Forks, 
Amelia Springs, Sailor's Creek, Farmville, Appomattox Court House. 



NINETY=SECOND REGIMENT (NINTH CAVALRY) 

(Lochiel Cavalry) 

Colonel Edward E. Williams to October 9th, 1862. 
Colonel Thomas C. James to January 13th, 1863. 
Colonel Thomas J. Jordan to July i8th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 2,400 Officers and Men. 



1 



"^HIS regiment was organized at Harrisburg on August 29th, 
1 86 1. It was recruited chiefly in the interior counties, but also 
contained a considerable number of Philadelphians. On No- 
vember 20th the command moved to Kentucky, there serving 
in detached battalions in the Department of the Cumberland, and later 
in Tennessee. In September, 1862, the regiment was attached to the 



i68 



Cavalry Division, Army of the Ohio. The command contmued to serve 
in Kentucky and Tennessee, under Gen. Don Carlos Buell, engaged almost 
constantly in defending those States from occupation by the Confed- 
erates, and in raids, often far into wild and desolate regions. Col. Wil- 
liams resigned on October 9th, 1862, Lieut.-Col Thomas C. James be- 
ing promSted to the colonelcy. This officer died at Philadelphia on 
January 13th, 1863.* Major Thomas J. Jordan, who had been absent as 
a prisoner of war for several months, became the third colonel, dating 
from Col. James' death. The "9th" participated m the Rosecrans cam- 
paign, losing heavily at the battle of Chickamauga. After an arduous 
campaign in East Tennessee the regiment was re-enhsted and recruited 
to a strength of twelve hundred officers and men. . r u 

In September, 1864, Col. Jordan was assigned to command of the en- 
tire cavalry force in Tennessee, then opposing the Confederate force 
of Gen. Wheeler. The regiment joined Gen. Shermaii's army at Mari- 
etta Ga., in November, being assigned to the First Brigade, Third Dr- 
visiin of Cavalry, and participated, after the fall of Atlanta, m the march 
to Savannah and thence through the Carolinas, fighting its last battle near 
Raleigh, and performing important service in connection with the negotia- 
tions which finally led to the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. 
Throughout this campaign, Col. Jordan having been promoted to com- 
mand of the brigade, the "9th" was commanded by Major JohniVi. 
Porter, under whom the command was finally mustered out at Lexing- 
ton, n! C, on July i8th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed, or mortally wounded officers, 6; men, ^66 

Died from disease ' 

BATTLES, ETC. 
Tehnnon Kv Spring Creek, Tompkinsville, Glasgow, Crab Orchard, Frank- 
fort Perryv^'Ue'^Rard' to^East Tennessee and Kentucky Watauga Bridge, Jones- 
vnie Un'on reconnaissance from Franlkin, Spring Hill Thompson s Stat on, 
Rutherford Creek, near Franklin, Davis' Mills, Triune, Eaglesville Middleton, 
Cnl's Gao ShelbyVille Elk River, Jonesboro, Chickamauga, Sparta, Mossy Creek, 
§andridge Fal Garden, McNutt's Bridge, Frankfort Lawrenceburg, Readyv.lle 
Xxibufy Camp Creek, Sweetwater, Lafayette, Ga March to the Sea, Siege of 
Savannah, Campaign of the C arolinas, Bennetts House. 

*Col. Thomas C. James commanded the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry 
in the three months' campaign of 1861. 




ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTH REGIMENT (ELEVENTH 

CAVALRY) 

(Harlan's Light Cavalry) 

Colonel Josiah Harlan to August 19th, 1862. 
Colone;l Samuel P. Spear to May 9th, 1865. 
Colonel Frank A. Stratton to August 13th, 1865. 

Philadelphia Companies C and E. 
Total Enrollment, 390 Officers and Men. 



UNDER authority of the Secretary of War, Josiah Harlan, of 
Philadelphia, was engaged in August and September, 1861, in 
raising a regiment to be known as "Harlan's Light Cavalry." 
One company was recruited in Iowa, two in New York State, 
one in Ohio and a part of another in New Jersey. Of the Pennsylvania 
companies, "C" and "E"" were composed of recruits enlisted in Phila- 
delphia. Organization was effected at Philadelphia on October 5th. 
While in camp of instruction in Virginia, this command, in common 
with others of its independent status, was rated as irregular and was, 
as Congress required, added to the Pennsylvania line as the "io8th," 
The several companies of the regiment served, in the course of their 
enlistment, upon the Virginia Peninsula, in the Dismal Swamp and 
Blackwater regions, in tide-water North Carolina, along the Weldon 
Railroad, on the James River, in front of Richmond and in the Shenan- 
doah Valley. The "io8th" achieved a high reputation as an active and 
efficient scouting regiment. It was re-enlisted in November, 1864. The 
regiment was conspicuous among the cavalry which, under Gen. Sheri- 
dan, pursued the Confederates to Appomattox, at which time it captured 
and delivered to the proper officials one hundred and ten field pieces, 
forty-one mortars, six heavy guns and an immense amount of other 
military stores. 

Among the officers of non-Philadelphia companies, and upon the 
staff, in addition to Col. Harlan, twenty were Philadelphians, 

Company C was commanded successively by Captains John H. 
Struthers, John Cassells and Randolph T. Stoops. This company en- 
rolled a total of one hundred and ninety-three officers and men. Of 
these one officer, First Lieut. Henry B. Neilson, was killed (at Ream's 
Station, August 25th, 1864). Of the rank and file, eight men were 
killed or died from wounds, disease, or while prisoners of war. A 
number were wounded and captured. 

The several captains of Company E were John Hartman, Jr., Amintor 
Davidson, William Bailey (killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29th, 
1864), Robert S. Monroe (killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865, 

169 



170 

while serving as major) and Charles Kirkham. Lieut William Lan- 
caster was killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865. Of the rank and 
file fifteen men were killed or died from wounds, twelve died trom 
disease, and a number died while in Southern prisons.* 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 
Beaver Dam Franklin, Va., Siege of Suffolk, South Anna River, Ashland, 
Stony Creek Weldon Railroad, Jerusalem Plank Road Petersburg Staunton 
S, Reams Station, Front of Richmond, Five Forks, White 0% Road, Deep 
Creek, Amelia Court House, Burkeville Junction, Prince Edward Court House, 
Appomattox, and many minor aiifairs. 



ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTEENTH REGIMENT (TWELFTH 

CAVALRY) 

(Curtin Hussars) 

Colonel William Frishmuth to April 20th, 1862. 
Colonel Lewis D. Pierce to December 13th, 1864. 
Captain Marcus A. Reno to July 20th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 2,236 Officers and Men. 




"^HIS regiment was composed, in the course of its term of ser- 
vice, of recruits from all sections of Pennsylvania. Havmg its 
rendezvous in Philadelphia, it naturally attracted a large num- 
ber of local members. Of the officers its first colonel, William 
Frishmuth, and at least twenty-seven others, were Philadelphians. ihe 
regiment was encamped at Camp McReynolds, near the junction of Ridge 
road and Columbia avenue, from January to April, 1862. Before being 
ordered to the front Col. Frishmuth resigned. 

Having performed guard duty near Washington, dismounted, the 
regiment finally received mounts late in July. There was brief time for 
cavalry drill before orders came directing the "12th" to reinforce Uen. 
Pope. In this effort the regiment, led at the time by ^ Major Darius 
Titus, encountered, unexpectedly, a large force of Jackson s Confederates 
near Manassas, and, choosing the alternative of a charge, lost, in killed 
wounded and captured, two hundred and sixty. Major Titus was one 
of those captured. Major James A. Congdon then withdrew the regi- 
ment to Centreville and gave to Gen. McClellan, m person,^^ important 
information concerning the location of the enemy. The "12th' was then 
sent to patrol the Maryland side of the Potomac River. 

*A tabulated list of casualties in Companies C and E has not been obtainable. 



171 

Joining Pleasonton's Cavalry Division the regiment was active, under 
Lieut.-Col. Jacob Kohler, in the Antietam campaign, and after the battle 
was assigned, with the ist New York Cavalry, to guard the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad. The regiment was attached to the First Brigade, 
Second Division of the Eighth Corps, Department of the Susquehanna, 
operating in the Shenandoah Valley through the spring of 1863, being 
then in command of Lieut.-Col. Joseph L. Moss. In June the regiment, 
leading a reconnoissance upon the Front Royal road, discovered the ap- 
proach of Lee's Army, and formed part of a force engaged in disputing 
his advance, an incident of which was a night battle and a retreat to 
Hancock on the Potomac. During the battle of Gettysburg the "12th" 
operated in the vicinity of McConnellsburg, Pa., and following up the 
Confederate retreat, captured a large number of prisoners with wagon 
trains and artillery. A't this time Col. Pierce had resumed command. 

The regiment wintered at Martinsburg, West Virginia, and after re- 
enlistment and the usual furlough, reassembled at that point in April, 
1864, with many recruits. 

The summer of 1864 was marked by a determined attempt to prevent 
Early's Confederates from attacking Washington. The "12th" fought 
his cavalry at Solomon's Gap, Pleasant Valley and Crampton's Gap. 
Failing in his demonstration upon the capital Early turned northward, 
which resulted in the second battle of Kernstown, where the "12th" lost 
heavily and won special mention in the reports. 

With Gen. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah, the "12th" formed 
a part of Torbert's Division, with headquarters at Charlestown, Va. 
Col. Pierce was succeeded, December I5tli, by Capt. Marcus A. Reno, 
an officer of the regular army. In the spring of 1865 the command was 
sent across the Blue Ridge, with other troops, to clear that region of 
guerillas, participating in a battle at Hamilton. Upon rejoining the 
Cavalry Division at Winchester, a movement was started toward Lynch- 
burg. This was halted by news of the surrender of Gen. Lee's Army, 
after which the "12th," having assisted in the parole of all the Con- 
federates in that section, was stationed at Winchester until mustered out 
on July 20th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died of wounds officers, 2 ; men, 32. 

Died from disease " i ; " I07- 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Maryland Campaign, Antietam, Martinsburg, Moorefield, Newtown, Kear- 
nysville, Bunker Hill, Charlestown, near Winchester, reconnaissance to Wardens- 
ville and Strasburg, Fishers' Hill, Cedarville, Winchester, McConnellsburg, Pa., 
Cunninghams' Cross Roads, Greencastle, Pa., Clear Springs, Martinsburg, Jeflfer- 
sonton, near Winchester, Middletown, Winchester, Charlestown, Bolivar Heights, 
near Hillsboro, Snicker's Ferry, Ashby's Gap, near Kernstown, Winchester, 
Bunker Hill, Cherry Run, Winchester, Charlestown, Halltown, Mt. Zion Church, 
Newtown, Harper's Ferry, near Hamilton, Goose Creek, Duty at Winchester 
in the Shenandoah Valley. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT (THIRTEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

(Irish Dragoons) 

Colonel James A. Gallagher to October 6th, 1863. 
Colonel Michael Kirwin to July 14th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 2,275 Officers and Men. 



UNDER authority of the Secretary of War, James A. Gallagher, 
of Philadelphia, undertook the formation of a squadron of 
cavalry, to be known as the "Trish Dragoons," which was to 
have been attached to the Irish Brigade, then being recruited 
in New York city by Gen. Thomas Francis Meagher. Further au- 
thority was given to increase this command to a regiment. Eventually 
these troops were included in the Pennsylvania quota. Eight companies, 
A, B, C, D, H, I, K and M, originated in Philadelphia. 

In August, 1862, Companies A, B, C and D were encamped at 
Frankford; Companies H, I and K were at Camp Gallagher, on the 
site of the former camp of the 88th Regiment, Falls of the Schuylkill. 
A detail of one hundred men was sent to Perryville and Elkton, Mary- 
land, on September 8th, 1862, returning to Camp Gallagher one week 
later. Companies H, I and K were ordered to Baltimore September 
17th, where, at Camp Fairgrounds, they were joined by the companies 
from the Frankford camp. Subsequently the remaining companies, 
E, F and G, arrived, and at Camp Carroll the regiment was mounted. 
The regiment was ordered to the Point of Rocks on December 13th 
for scouting duty on both side of the Potomac River, having a skirmish 
with White's Cavalry at Leesburg, Va., on January 8th, 1863. The regi- 
ment was assigned February ist to Elliott's brigade, under Gen. Milroy. 

Its first important battle, at Winchester, June 13- 15th, 1863, was 
opened by the "13th," and after performing notable services the regiment 
covered the retreat of the army to Harper's Ferry. The regimental loss 
in the four days, in killed, wounded and missing, was three hundred and 
twenty-two. 

Gen. Lee's pontoon bridge at Falling Waters was destroyed by a 
detail from Company H on July 2d. The regiment joined the Second 
Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry Division on July 8th. At Culpeper, on 
September 14th, the "13th" captured a large amount of stores. 

At Jefferson, Va., in October, Col. Gallagher resigned as a result of 
injuries and the command was assumed by Major Michael Kirwin. 

At Sulphur Springs, on the Rappahannock River, October 12th, the 
regiment lost one hundred and sixty-three officers and men, nearly all 
being made prisoners. On the 24th the regiment relieved the 2d Penn- 

172 



173 

sylvania Cavalry, on duty at army headquarters. Company G was de- 
tailed to the headquarters of the Second Corps. Three extra companies, 
which had been sent to the regiment (not indicated on the official records), 
were merged into the original companies in February, 1864. With 
Gregg's cavalry, the "13th" participated in the Wilderness Campaign of 
May 5th-iith, 1864, and accompanied Sheridan's raid, losing ten killed 
and thirty-five wounded and missing, at Hawe's Shop. Here Capt. John 
Kline was killed and Capt. Patrick Kane was mortally wounded. A 
second raid was made toward Lynchburg, incident to which was a cavalry 
fight at Trevilian Station. During the general advance to and across 
the James River, initiated by Gen. U. S. Grant, Sheridan's cavalry, en- 
gaged in convoy of the wagon trains, was in constant conflict with the 
enemy. Gregg's Division fought a losing battle at St. Mary's Church, 
a point ten miles north of Harrison's Landing. Here, the "13th" again 
met with depletions. The regiment crossed the James River on June 
30th, had a share in the advance to the Jerusalem Plank Road, and re- 
crossed the James, skirmishing at Malvern Hill and Lee's Mills. At 
Coggin's Point, on September i6th, a detachment of one hundred and 
fifty from the "13th" were overpowered and captured. The regiment's 
closing operations of 1864, in the vicinity of the James River and Peters- 
burg, included battles at Wyatt's Farm, Boydton Plank Road and 
Hatcher's Run. At the latter affair Capt. Nathaniel S. Sneyd was 
among the killed. With a cavalry expedition to Stony Creek Station, on 
the Weldon Railroad, December ist, the "13th" made its final battle, 
although subsequently engaged in a number of minor affairs. In February 
the regiment was transported to Wilmington, N. C, reporting to Gen. 
Schofield. From that city it was sent southward to meet the head of 
Gen. Sherman's Army. On March 13th a detachment of the regiment 
had the honor of being the first of the eastern army to greet the veterans 
of the great march "from Atlanta to the sea." A month later the flag 
of the "13th" was raised by Sergeant Daniel Caldwell, of Company H, 
upon the dome of the Capitol of the State of North Carolina, at Raleigh. 
Following the surrender of Johnston's force, the "13th" was employed 
in the restoration of order. On July 14th, 1865, the command was sent 
to Philadelphia, being mustered out at Camp Cadwalader on the 27th. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 3 ; men, 67 

Died from disease " 220 

BATTLES. 
Strasburg, Fisher's Hill, Winchester, Falling Waters, Culpeper, Sulphur 
Springs, Auburn, Bristoe Station. Spotsylvania, Hawes' Shop, Cold Harbor, Deep 
Bottom, Trevilian Station, Gaines' Mill, White House Landing, St. Mary's Church, 
Lees' Mills, Malvern Hill, Wyatts' Farm, Boydton Plank Road, Stony Creek, 
Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, Second Hatcher's Run, siege of Petersburg, ad- 
vance on Raleigh, surrender of Johnston. 

*The fact should be noted that the "13th" fought three times at Hatcher's Run. 



ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY=NINTH REGIMENT (FOURTEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

(Stanton Cavalry) 

Colonel James N. Schoonmaker to July 31st, 1865. 
Captain Joseph W. Hall to November 6th, 1864. 
Captain Henry N. Harrison to November 2d, 1865. 

Philadelphia Company A. 
Total (Company) Enrollment, 233 Officers and Men. 




NE Philadelphia Company (A) was identified with the 14th 
Cavalry. The balance of the regiment was raised in the 
western counties of the State. Company A was recruited 
chiefly in the rural upper section of the City by Capt. Joseph 
W. Hall, and was known as the "Washington Cavalry." The 
regiment rendezvoused at Hagerstown, Md., on November 24th, 
1862, under Col. James M. Schoonmaker of Pittsburgh, and after a 
month of drill was assigned to picket duty along the lower Shenandoah 
River, and after May, 1863, was attached to Averill's Fourth Separate 
Brigade, Department of West Virginia. The regiment was active in 
this mountain region during the greater part of its enlistment, perform- 
ing a great amount of arduous and effective service. In April, 1864, 
the "14th" was moved into the Shenandoah Valley under Gen. Hunter, 
participating in the numerous battles and skirmishes incident to the 
struggle for the possession of that rich source of supplies. After the 
surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox the regiment was en- 
camped at Washington, from where, on June nth, 1865, it was ordered 
to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where it was consolidated into a battalion 
of six companies. Company A, then under command of Capt. Henry 
N. Harrison, was detailed as headquarters' escort to Gen. G. M. Dodge, 
department commander. The Company (A) was retained in the serv- 
ice to November 2d, 1865, when it was mustered out and sent home. 

TOTAL LOSSES (COMPANY A). 

Killed or died from wounds, or while prisoners of war men, 17. 

Died from disease " 8. 

Total regimental loss, killed, died from wounds, disease or in 

prison officers, 2 ; men, 393. 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 
Beverly, Huttonsville, Falling Waters (detachment), Moorefield (detachment), 
Warm Springs, Greenbrier, White Sulphur Springs, Droop Mountain, raid on 
Salem, raid on Saltville, Cove Gap, Lynchburg campaign, including New Market, 
Piedmont, Lexington, Buchanan, near Lynchburg; Liberty, Salem, Winchester, 
Moorefield, Sheridan Valley campaign, including Fisher's Hill, Weir's Cave, Cedar 
Creek, Front Royal, Millwood, Ashby's Gap. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTIETH REGIMENT (FIFTEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

Colonel Wm. J. Palmer. 
Total Enrollment, 1,700 Officers and Men, 



THE regiment was formed of an independent company known 
as the Anderson Troop, which was organized in October and 
November, 1861, by Wm. J. Palmer, private secretary to John 
Edgar Thomson, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany. It was intended as the headquarter guard to Brigadier-General 
Robert Anderson, briefly in command of the Army of the Cumberland. 
Its members, one hundred in number, were carefully selected from over 
the State. The troop was accepted by Gen. Don Carlos Buell, Second 
Commander of the Army, as his body guard. The troop maintained its 
identity as a separate organization until after the battle of Stone River, 
by which time it had become so depleted in numbers that the company, 
then under the command of Lieut. Thos. S. Maple was, in March, 1863, 
honorably mustered out of service. 

In the summer of 1862 Capt. Palmer secured authority from the 
War Department to raise a full regiment, and it became known as "The 
Anderson Cavalry." All of the officers were selected from the Anderson 
Troop. The care exercised in recruiting the men induced many to seek 
an enlistment, and within two weeks the ranks were full, the men coming 
from over thirty counties of the State. About thirty-five per cent, were 
raised in Philadelphia, the enlistment being made in one of the offices of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, at Third street and Willings Alley. 
All of the enrolled men were assembled at Carlisle, Pa., and on August 
22d, 1862, were sworn into the United States service. 

In September, 1862, the enemy invaded Maryland. The regiment was 
not yet fully organized, armed or uniformed, but Col. Palmer took two 
hundred men on cars to Greencastle and, impressing horses, proceeded to 
place his outposts around Gen. Longstreet's forces at Hagerstown, Md. 
So well was this done that the report in the Confederate army was that 
ten thousand of the Anderson Cavalry were in their front. Col. Palmer 
went repeatedly within the enemy's lines and obtained much information, 
which, with the assistance of William Bender Wilson, of the telegraphic 
service, he was able to send to Governor Curtin, and for several days 
this was all the information that Gen. McClellan had of his enemy. After 
the battle of Antietam, Col. Palmer crossed the Potomac in an endeavor 
to discover the movements of the Confederates, but their troops captured 
him, although he had changed his uniform for a civilian suit and assumed 
the character of a student in minerology. He was suspected as being a 
spy, but no evidence could be had to sustain it. He was held in Castle 

175 



176 

Thunder until the following January, when he was exchanged. Col. 
Palmer returned to his regiment in February, 1863, and at a most critical 
period in its career, and under his superb management made it one of 
the best in the army. 

In November, 1862, the regiment took the cars for Louisville, where 
the command received horses and soon started for Nashville. The capture 
of Col. Palmer had prevented the regiment from completing its organiza- 
tion. When it moved with the army to Stone's River only two hundred 
and seventy-two men, under Majors Adolph G. Rosengarten and Frank 
B. Ward, marched with them. In the engagements which followed it 
suffered severely. Major Rosengarten was killed and Major Ward was 
mortally wounded. Fourteen of the men were killed, ten wounded and 
fifty-six captured. 

Fully reorganized into twelve companies, the regiment served through 
the Chickamauga Campaign, on duty at the headquarters of Major-General 
Rosecrans, and engaged in scouting, courier and escort duties. After 
the battle of Missionary Ridge, which resulted in the expulsion of Bragg's 
army from this section, the command marched to the relief of Gen. Burn- 
side at Knoxville, being the first to arrive. The winter campaign was 
unusually severe, but eminently successful. The regiment took part in 
six important engagements and captured numerous prisoners and a large 
amount of Confederate equipment. They recaptured twenty-three Union 
soldiers and nineteen army wagons. Their losses, among officers, were 
one killed, two wounded and one captured; nineteen enlisted men were 
wounded or captured. 

Three companies, B, H and K, of the 15th Cavalry were detailed to 
act as the escort at Gen. Thomas' headquarters in the Atlanta Campaign, 
and when Atlanta was captured they returned to the regiment. One of 
the men, Arthur O. Granger, of Company C, acted as private secretary 
to General Sherman and was with him to the end. At the surrender of 
Gen. Johnston it was he who wrote out the articles of capitulation. 

Private A. D. Frankenberry, of Company K, was attached to the 
Signal Corps, and when the Confederates swung around to the rear and 
attacked Allatoona Pass, was stationed on Kenesaw Mountain. From 
this place he signalled to Gen. Corse over the heads of the enemy the 
message which inspired the once popular hymn (written by P. P. Bliss) 
"Hold the Fort." 

The regiment followed Sherman's army as far as Calhoun, Ga., and 
from there was sent to help Gen. Gillam in an effort to capture Saltville. 
At the same time Gen. Burbridge was coming down from the North to 
co-operate, but Burbridge was driven back and badly defeated. It was 
necessary for Gillam to send a despatch to Burbridge, and Col. Palmer, 
with seventy-five men, delivered it, after an adventurous ride over the 
mountains into Kentucky. 

When Sherman started on his march to the sea, Atlanta was 
abandoned and Gen. Thomas fell back to the line of the Tennessee River, 



177 

and eventually to Nashville. After the battle here, m which Gen. Hood 
suffered a disastrous defeat, the regiment followed in pursuit for two 
hundred and 'fifty miles into the State of Mississippi, and succeeded in 
capturing and destroying Hood's pontoon train of seventy-eight boats, 
three hundred and ten wagons and capturing two pieces of artillery. This 
pursuit and capture was highly commended. 

In Gen. Grant's last official report of the move of the armies embrac- 
ing the years 1864 and 1865, and embodying the movements of all the 
troops in the field of over a million men, he only commends two regi- 
ments — one of infantry for the defence of Paducah, Ky., and the "15th" 
for the destruction of Gen. Hood's train. When Gen. Sherman received 
the dispatch of this capture he read it to his staff, and said, "The '15th' 
is the best regiment in my department. They can ride faster, do more 
hard work and capture more trains than any regiment I have." 

In January, 1865, Col. Palmer, with less than one hundred and fifty 
men, crossed the Tennessee and at Red Hill, Ala., surprised and routed 
the Confederate brigade commanded by Gen. Lyon and returned to 
Huntsville, Ala., with one captured cannon and more prisoners than men 
in the command. 

In March, 1865, the command left Chattanooga, and at Knoxville 
joined the Cavalry Division commanded by Gen. Geo. Stoneman. Col. 
Palmer was, at this time, appointed a brigadier-general, and later, com- 
manded the whole cavalry division. The "15th" was now commanded 
by Lieut.-Col. Chas. M. Betts. 

The railroads of western North Carolina were pretty thoroughly de- 
stroyed. Four companies, under Major Wagner, raided to Lynchburg, 
Va., and gave the impression to Gen. Lee, who was then retreating before 
Gen. Grant, that his command was the advance of the Army of the 
Cumberland. Wagner rejoined the regiment at Salisbury, N. C.^, and 
soon after the whole division started in pursuit of the fugitive Con- 
federate President and his cabinet, but the glory of his capture fell to 
another command. 

At this time Gen. Stoneman was making preparation to attack Salis- 
bury, and demonstrations were ordered along the Hue of railroad at 
prominent places to divert the attention of the enemy. Col. Betts, with 
about a hundred men, marched towards Greensboro, N. C. Early in 
the morning, after being in the saddle all night, he learned that the 3d 
South Carolina Cavalry were in camp only half a mile distant. While 
they were in much superior numbers he attacked vigorously at once, sur- 
prised them while getting their breakfast and captured their commander, 
Col. Johnston, and a large number of his men — in fact, about twice as 
many as Col. Betts had in his command. 

Another battalion, under Capt. Kramer, got to Jamestown early in 
the morning, burned a train of commissary stores for Lee's army, de- 
stroyed an arms factory and captured more prisoners than he cared to 
handle, one man, George Alexander, taking twelve. 



178 

The other battaHon burned the bridge over Reedy Fork. Jefferson 
Davis and the fleeing Confederate officials had crossed it not an hour 
before. It was during this pursuit that Lieut.-Col. Betts captured seven 
wagons containing the baggage and official papers of Gens. Beauregard 
and Pillow and also about $2,000,000 in coin and securities belonging to 
the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia and of the banks 
in Macon ; also over five million of Confederate money. This money was 
sent, under guard, to headquarters, and after the rebellion ended was re- 
turned, intact, to the owners. 

The regiment marched to Nashville, completing the longest raid by 
any cavalry force during the war, about 2,000 miles. June 21st, 1865, 
it was mustered out of service. The "15th" was the only independent 
scouting regiment in the Union service.* 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers, 3 ; men 22 

Died of disease " 103 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 

Antietam. Hillsborough Pike, Stone's River, Lavergne, The Barrens, Rover, 
Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Gatlinsburg, Dandridge, Mossy Creek, 
capture of Vance's Raiders, Fair Garden and Indian Creek, Resaca, Cassville, 
Dallas, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Devault Ford, Carter's Station, Kingsport, 
McKinney's Mills, Decatur, capture of Hood's pontoon and supply trains, Moulton, 
Red Hill, Wickesboro, Wytheville, Greensboro, capture of Salisbury, capture of 
3d S. C. Cavalry, capture of part of Jefferson Davis' train, capture of Gen. Bragg. 
In addition numerous skirmishes not officially recorded. 

*In reviewing the results accomplished by the "15th," one cannot but credit 
them to the splendid soldierly qualities of Gen. Palmer, a Philadelphian, and to 
the high character of its enlisted men. The General was, after the war, the 
pioneer railroad builder of the West, and not only laid the rails, but peopled the 
country, and was instrumental in opening up mines, factories and farms, through 
which many millions are now in lucrative occupations. In 1907, while suffering 
from a broken neck, occasioned by an accident, he called to his beautiful home 
in Colorado Springs all of the men of his old regiment, from every part of the 
country, wherever they were located, and kept them in entertainment for a week, 
paying every attendant expense. 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY=FIRST REGIMENT (SIXTEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

CoLONEiv J. Irvin Gregg to August ist, 1864.* 
LiEUT.-CoL. John R. Robison to August nth, 1865. 

Total Enrollment, 1,266 Officers and Men. 



I 



"^HIS regiment, composed of men gathered from all portions of 
Pennsylvania, had a considerable Philadelphia contingent, 
chiefly in Company I, Capt. William H. Fry (afterward 
major). The regiment was formed at Harrisburg in the 
fall of 1862, and was sent to Washington November 23d. Early irt 
January, 1863, the "i6th" was assigned to Averill's Cavalry Brigade, 
which it joined near Falmouth, Va. At Kelley's Ford, March 17th, the 
regiment achieved a victory, on the right flank, in this, its first important 
battle. 

In the Gettysburg campaign. Col. Gregg being in command of the 
brigade, the "i6th" was led by Captain John K. Robison, who, as 
lieutenant-colonel, continued in command throughout the enlistment. 
The regiment participated in all of the great cavalry movements con- 
nected with the campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, including Sheri- 
dan's raid on Richmond, and was in at the death at Hatcher's Run, 
Dinwiddle Courthouse, Five Forks, Amelia Springs and Sailor's Creek. 
In this final group of battles many of the regiment were wounded. At 
Farmville, on the 7th of April, Lieut.-Col. Robison received his third 
wound. After a tour of duty at Lynchburg, subsequent to the Appomat- 
tox surrender, the "i6th" was mustered out August 7th at Richmond, Va, 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers, 5 ; men, 100. 

Died of disease " 31 " I94 

BATTLES, SKIRMISHES, ETC. 

Rappahannack Bridge, Grove Church, Hartwood Church, Kelly's Ford, Elk 
Run, Chancellorsville Campaign, Stoneman's Raid, Brandy Station, Aldie, Middle- 
burg, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, Culpeper C. H., Crooked Run, Bristoe Cam- 
paign, Mine Run Campaign, Expedition to Luray, Kilpatrick's Raid, Rapidan Cam- 
paign, Siege operations against Petersburg, including movements to Deep Bottom; 
Malvern Hill, Strawberry Plains, Ream's Station, Poplar Springs Church, Dinwid- 
dle C. H., Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, Stony Creek, Disputantia Station, 
Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Appomattox Campaign, Expedition to Danville. 

* Colonel John Irvin Gregg began his military career as a private soldier in 
the war with Mexico, from which he emerged a captain of regular infantry. For 
services in the Civil War he was brevetted major-general of volunteers. 

179 



ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY=THIRD REGIMENT (EIGHTEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

Colonel Timothy M. Bryan, Jr., to December 29th, 1864. 
Colonel T. F. Rodenbough to October 31st, 1865. 

Total Enrollment (Philadelphia Companies) about 450 Officers and Men. 



ALTHOUGH Col. Bryan and a number of his officers were 
Philadelphians, this command, as organized and placed in the 
field, contained no Philadelphia companies, but early in 1863 
two companies which had been partly recruited in this city 
were added to the regiment, as L and M, at Washington.* 

The i8th Cavalry served throughout its enlistment in the Army of 
the Potomac and the Army of the Shenandoah. Both of its colonels 
were West Point graduates and officers of the cavalry in the regular 
service. With the exception of one company, the regiment was con- 
solidated on June 24th, 1865, with the 22d Cavalry to form the "Third 
Pennsylvania Provisional Cavalry." This command was stationed at vari- 
ous points in West Virginia for the suppression of guerillas, after the 
close of the war being mustered out at Cumberland, Maryland, on 
October 31st, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES (COMPANIES L AND M). 

Killed or died from wounds officers, i ; men, 12. 

Died of disease and while prisoners of war " o ; " I9- 

Wounded, not mortally " i ; " 21. 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Chantilly, Aldie, Hanover, Hunterstown, Gettysburg, Monterey Pass, Smiths- 
burg, Hagerstown, Boonsboro, Funkstown, Hagerstown, Falling Waters, Port Con- 
way, Rapidan Station, Robertson's Ford, James City, Culpeper, Brandy Station, 
Groveton, Buckland Mills, Hay Market, Stevensburg, Raccoon Ford, Kilpatrick's 
raid, Wilderness, Spotsylvania. Yellow Tavern, Meadow Bridge, Hanover Court 
House, Ashland Station, Bethesda Church. Cold Harbor, St. Mary's Church, Yellow 
House (Weldon Railroad), Winchester, Summit Point, Charlestown, Kearnysville, 
The Opequon, Front Royal, Milford, Waynesboro. Brock's Gap, Columbia Furnace, 
Tom's Brook, Hupp's Hill, Cedar Creek, Lebanon Church, Mount Jackson. 

* In the autumn of 1862 an enthusiastic citizen of Haddonfield, N. J., was 
active in securing recruits for the "Continental Cavalry." Two companies, intended 
as A and B, were camped at Haddonfield. Adverse circumstances led many of 
the recruits to leave camp and to enlist elsewhere. Their names were, however, 
carried upon the company records as "deserters." Those who remained were, 
with their officers, mustered into the service and attached to the i8th Cavalry. 

180 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTIETH REGIMENT (NINETEENTH 

CAVALRY) 

Colonel Alexander Cummings. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Joseph C. Hess. 
LiEUT.-CoL. Frank Reeder. 
Total Enrollment, 1,762 Officers and Men. 



THIS regiment was recruited, with the exception of Companies 
L and M, at Philadelphia, from June to October, 1863, its 
camp being located (Camp Stanton) opposite Odd Fellows' 
Cemetery. All of the officers, with one exception, and a 
majority of the enlisted men had seen previous service. Early in No- 
vember the regiment reported at Washington, from which it started, 
on November 13th, for Mississippi, but enroute received orders to pro- 
ceed to Columbus, Kentucky, where it was assigned by Major-Gen. A. J. 
Smith, in command Department of the Tennessee, to Waring's Brigade, 
Brig.-Gen. B. H. Grierson's Cavalry Division, Sixteenth Corps, Col. 
Cummings having been detached on recruiting duty without further 
service to the regiment.* The "19th" was now commanded by Lieut. - 
Col. Joseph C. Hess. In February the regiment marched with Grier- 
sons' column upon a raid into West Tennessee, there destroying large 
supply depots and much railroad property. With headquarters at Mem- 
phis, the cavalry engaged in a series of expeditions in Tennessee and 
Mississippi with varying fortunes. At Guntown, Miss., on June loth, 
the "19th" shared in a defeat at the hands of Forrest. Early in July 
a detachment of the regiment accompanied Col. Klarge's expedition 
from Memphis to Grand Gulf, Miss. In August, after further conflicts 
with Forrest, the "19th" was moved rapidly to Little Rock and thence 
into Missouri, against the force under Sterling Price. Returning to 
Memphis on October 20th, the command was moved by transports to 
Nashville, where, as a part of the brigade of Brig.-Gen. J. H. Hammond, 
it was engaged in the battle of Nashville (December i5-i6th, 1864), 
which resulted in the defeat of Hood's Confederates. This result en- 
tailed a hot pursuit by the LTnion cavalry and a second notable battle 
on January 2d, 1865, at Franklin, Miss. This campaign of pursuit con- 
tinued through the month, with constant losses of officers and men. 

Upon February 4th, 1865, at Gravelly Springs, Alabama, the regi- 
ment was reorganized as a battalion of six companies (the supernumerary 

* Col. Cummings was the originator of Cummings' Evening Telegraphic Bulletin, 
the initial issue of which appeared in Philadelphia on April 12th, 1847. This paper 
made a specialty of telegraphic news, and is perpetuated in the present Evening 
Bulletin. 

181 



l82 

officers being mustered out), and, under the command of Lieut-Col. 
Frank Reeder, embarked, with some detentions at Cairo and Vicksburg, 
for New Orleans. From the Crescent City, a few days later, the com- 
mand proceeded to Baton Rogue, operating from this point on scout 
and picket duty through the following six months. On June 13th the 
battalion was reduced to four companies, these companies. A, B, C and 
D, occupying a region within which the embers of rebellion still 
smouldered. On July 25th, at Clinton, La., the battahon defeated a Con- 
federate detachment of Gen. Wirt Adams' command. In December, 
Companies A and C were ordered into Texas, and in January, 1866, 
Dear Marshall, Company A had a fight with guerillas, losing five men 
killed.* 

In April, 1866, the battalion was assembled at New Orleans, where, 
after several weeks of provost duty, it was mustered out on May 14th, 
the last of the Pennsylvania troops to turn homeward and resume the 
occupations of peace. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, o ; men, 15. 

Died from disease " 3 ; " 109 

BATTLES, SKIRMISHES AND EXPEDITIONS. 

Movements to Union City, Trenton, Colliersville, Tenn., and Okalona, Miss. 
(including Egypt Station, West Point, Ivy Farm, Okolona, Tallahatchie River) ; 
operations against Forrest in West Tennessee (including Cypress Creek and near 
Raleigh, April 3d and gth) ; expedition to Guntown, Miss, (including Tishamingo 
Creek, Waldron Bridge and Davis Mills); Grand Gulf expedition; Oxford, Miss., 
expedition (including Hurricane Creek) ; detachment to Little Rock and Missouri 
(including Noconah Creek, Co. F) ; Owens' Cross Roads, battle of Nashville, 
Hollow Tree Gap, FrankHn, West Harpeth River, King's Hill, Sugar Creek, 
Gravelly Springs, service in Louisiana and Texas to end of enlistment. 

*Bates' History, vol. 5, page 4. The affair above mentioned, at Clinton, and 
that at Marshall, are not found in the official lists of battles, engagements, etc. 




ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=FIRST REGIMENT (TWENTIETH 
CAVALRY). SIX MONTHS' SERVICE 

CoLONEi, John E. Wynkoop to January 7th, 1864. 
Total Enrollment, 1,266 Officers and Men. 



PURSUANT to an order of the War Department, dated June 9th, 
1863, three cavalry regiments were organized in Pennsylvania to 
serve six months. These troops were composed, in part, of ex- 
isting independent companies and militia of the emergency class 
and of new recruits. They were the 181st, i82d and 185th Regiments 
of the line, designated respectively the 20th, 21st and 22d Cavalry. The 
first of these commands contained many men recruited in Philadelphia. 
This regiment was organized in July, 1863, from five companies of 
Emergency Militia and seven of six-months' men, at Camp Curtin, and 
sent from that point upon scout duty, with other troops, into Maryland, 
crowding upon and skirmishing with the rear-guard of the retreating 
Confederate Army. Later, a battalion was stationed along the line of 
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in West Virginia. Five companies 
were detailed, in the draft riot period, to Philadelphia, Reading and Potts- 
ville. The companies upon the loyal border performed several effective 
raids and met with some casualties. Brigaded with Federal cavalry and 
artillery from Pennsylvania and Virginia, the 20th Cavalry helped to clear 
a large section of country of disloyal elements. On muster out, January 
7th, 1864, the regiment was reorganized on a three years' basis, with 
camps at Philadelphia and Harrisburg. 



ONE HUNDRED AND EIQHTY=FIRST REGIMENT (TWENTIETH 
CAVALRY). THREE YEARS' SERVICE 

Colonel John E. Wynkoop to January 15th, 1865. 
Colonel Gabriel Middleton to June 20th, 1865. 
Total Enrollment, 1,500 Officers and Men. 




N the completion of the term of service of the original regi- 
ment, enlisted for six months, the command was re-organ- 
ized on a three-year basis. Twelve of the Philadelphia officers 
were retained. The regiment was mustered in at Harris- 
burg and Philadelphia and assigned to the First Brigade, Second Di- 
vision, Eighth Corps. Later the "20th" was attached to Gen. Franz. 
Sigel's force in the Shenandoah Valley as part of the Second Brigade, 

183 



i84 

First Cavalry Division, with which it shared in the battle of New Market. 
With the column of Major-Gen. David Hunter, who succeeded Sigel, 
the regiment won fame by capturing nearly 800 prisoners at the battle 
of Piedmont. Gen. Hunter then led his column, reinforced by divisions 
under Gens. Crook and Averill, upon a demonstration against Lynch- 
burcT. The subsequent retreat into the fastnesses of West Virginia was 
attended by great suffering, due to want of food for the men and forage 
for the horses. Major-Gen. George Crook now assumed command. The 
augmented force in this department was reorganized under Major-Gen. 
Philip H. Sheridan. The 20th Cavalry was attached to the Second 
Brigade, First Division Cavalry, Army of the Shenandoah, and actively 
participated in the raid upon Gordonsville near the end of December, 
1864, capturing two pieces of artillery and the fortifications in the en- 
gagements at Magruder's Farm and Jack's Shop. 

During this raid many of the men were severely frost-bitten. In 
January the regiment was sent to Lovettsville, Va., and thence a few 
weeks later to Duffield Station to protect the railroad against Moseby s 
raiders. On February 26th the command moved to rejoin the brigade at 
Winchester. During Hunter's raid the "20th" was always in the advance, 
being the first to reach Staunton and Lynchburg. In July, 1864, the regi- 
ment, now with Sheridan's force opposing Early, fortified at Hall Town, 
and for doing so was rewarded, soon afterward, at Cumberland, with new 
mounts. Through the autumn and winter the regiment was continually 
moving and had no rest in winter quarters. It was considerably re-en- 
forced at this time. The Army of the Shenandoah resumed active opera- 
tions on February 27th, 1865. The "20th" was now in command of Col. 
Gabriel Middleton. It was active in a destructive raid upon the commu- 
nications and stores of the enemy, which ended in a junction with Gen. 
Grant's army in front of Petersburg. The regiment participated in the 
cavalry movements and the severe fighting which ended with the sur- 
render of the remnant of the Confederate Army at Appomattox with 
many casualties to officers and men. After the surrender the "20th" was 
ordered forward to Danville and later to Washington, where it was con- 
solidated with the 2d Cavalry as the ist Provisional Cavalry. This 
organization was mustered out at Cloud's Mills on July 13th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 3; men, 22 

Died from disease 3 . 100 

BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS. 
New Market, Harisonburg, Piedmont, Staunton, Midway, Cedar Creek, Piney 
River Near Glasgow, Lynchburg, Salem, Martinsburg, Snicker's Ferry, Ashby s 
Gap 'Kernstown, Bunker Hill, Martinsburg, Madison Court House, Liberty 
Mill's, Gordonsville, Swope's Depot, Staunton, Waynesboro Goochland Court 
House Dinwiddle Court House, Five Forks, Scott's Cross Roads, Tabernacle 
Church, Sailors' Creek, Appomattox Court House, m addition numerous 
skirmishes and minor actions. 




SCHOOL FOR THE SELECTION OF OFFICERS OF COLORED REGIMENTS, 

I2I0 Chestnut Street. 



ARMY BANDS 



THE formation of the several Philadelphia regiments of the 
three-months' service included the enlistment of many of the 
best military musicians in the city. In some cases the pay for 
extra musicians was borne by the regimental officers. Asso- 
ciations of patriotic citizens subscribed to enable favorite regiments to 
keep numerically strong bands in the field.* When the short term regi- 
ments came home and recruiting became active for the three years' 
regiments nearly all of the best bandsmen re-enlisted. For a time Birg- 
field's excellent band enjoyed almost a monopoly of local engagements, 
and was, in fact, in much demand for all home parades and other demon- 
strations through the war. 

General Order No. 91, October 26th, 1861, provided that no more 
bands for volunteer regiments were to be mustered in, and that vacancies 
occurring in the bands should not be filled. All enlisted bands in the 
army were discharged by General Order dated July 29th, 1862, to take 
effect within thirty days. It was provided, however, that a band of 
sixteen pieces should be allowed to each brigade. 

The following list comprises the best known of the military bands 
attached to local regiments : 



Band of 17th Regiment. 
Band of 2rst Regiment. 
Band of 23d Regiment. 
Band of 27th Regiment. 
Band of 28th Regiment. 
Band of 29th Regiment. 
Band of 31st Regiment. 
Band of 65th Regiment 
Band of 70th Regiment 
Band of 71st Regiment. 
Band of 7Sth Regiment. 
Band of 82d Regiment. 
Band of 88th Regiment. 
Band of 90th Regiment. 
Band of 95th Regiment. 
Band of 98th Regiment. 
Band of io6th Regiment 
Band of 114th Regiment 



Leader, J. Moosbruger. 

Leader, Conrad Hoffman. 

Leader, Theo. Herman. 

Leader, Theo. Artelt. 

Leader, William F. Simpson.f 

Leader, Daniel Repass. 

Leader, Josiah Wagner, 
(mounted). Leader, WiUiam Ziegler. 
(mounted). Leader, Philip Ehrmann. 

Leader, Edward Schemser. 

Leader, Rudolph Wittig. 

Leader, Alex. Anderson. 

Leader, E. Ermentrout. 

Leader, Jacob L. Bricker. 

Leader, Joseph Whittington. 

Leader, Christopher Storz. 

. Leader, Fridoline Stopper. 

Leader, Frank Rauscher. 



*By General Order No. 15, May 4, 1861, regimental bands were limited to 
sixteen musicians; additional men were at the expense of private subscription. 

fit has been stated that this band was organized by Antrim C. Beck, one of 
the eight brothers of the famous Beck's Band, four of whom were enlisted irf 
the band of the "28th." 



185 



COLORED TROOPS— CAMP WILLIAM PENN 



EVEN years prior to the commencement of the Civil War the 
Washington Union, organ of the administration of President 
Franklin Pierce, asserted that "if the Union of the States is dis- 
solved and war ensues upon the question of a revival of the 
slave trade, while the slave holders cannot hope to battle with success 
against the Northern States, allied with England, they can and will place 
a great army of negroes in the field and defy their enemies."* A lively 
commentary upon that assumption is presented in the feat of a negro 
pilot of Charleston Harbor, Robert Smalls,** who, early in 1862, with 
eight other colored men, seized the armed steamer Planter and, running 
her safely past the forts, delivered her to Admiral DuPont of the blockade 
fleet. This incident strengthened the position of those who advocated 
the enlistment of negroes in the Union army and navy.f Upon July 
17th, 1862, Congress enacted a bill authorizing the President "to employ 
as many persons of African descent as he may deem necessary and 
proper for the suppression of the rebellion, and for this purpose he may 
organize and use them in such manner as he may judge best for the public 
welfare."! 

The President made no haste to avail himself of this authority. He 
first signed, as a war measure, the Emancipation Proclamation relating to 
the slaves held in the disloyal States. This became effective upon Janu- 
ary I St, 1863, and it was not until then that the question of enrolling col- 
ored troops was actively considered.§ Upon February 13th, 1863, Hon. 

*Out of the entire Southern white population but three in one hundred held 
a property interest in slaves. Of the slave-holding class but twenty per cent, owned 
more than one slave. A large proportion of the political and military leaders of 
the South were non-slave holders. Among them were Robert E. Lee, Joseph 
E. Johnston and A. P. Hill. "Slavery and Abolition," Hart. 

**Robert Smalls subsequently became a colonel of colored troops and after the 
close of the war was elected to Congress from South Carolina. 

fThe first recorded suggestion for the employment of colored troops in the 
Northern armies is found in a letter written to Hon. Simon Cameron, Secretary 
of War, on April i6th, 1861, by Burr Porter, late major in the Ottoman Army. 
(Official documents.) 

tSoon after the occupation of New Orleans, in 1862, Major-Gen. Benjamin F. 
Butler, recruited colored troops and in South Carolina Major-Gen. David Hunter 
had formed negro regiments about the same time, this procedure being made the 
subject of Congressional inquiry. 

§President Lincoln, writing to Horace Greeley, date of August 22d, 1861, 
said : "H there be those who would not save the Union unless at the same 
time they could save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who 
would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, 
I do not agree with them." 

186 



i87 

Charles Sumner presented a bill providing for the enlistment of 300,000 
colored troops. It was reported upon negatively. The State of Massa- 
chusetts, however, proceeded to enlist the colored organization famous 
as the "54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Colored." One 
company of this regiment (B) was raised in Philadelphia by James Mor- 
ris Walton, Esq., who became major of the "54th." Lieutenants Frank 
M. Welsh and E. N. Hallowell were also active in securing Philadelphia 
recruits. Nearly every company of the "54th" contained Philadelphia and 
Pennsylvania men. This was true, also, of the 55th Massachusetts Col- 
ored Regiment, of which Norwood Penrose Hallowell, of Philadelphia, 
became colonel. So deeply rooted was the old prejudice in Philadelphia 
against the blacks, that recruits raised here for the two above designated 
regiments were sent away at night in small squads by rail. Referring 
to these colored recruits the Philadelphia Inquirer said, June 26th, 1863, 
that "Pennsylvania has already lost fully 1,500 men who have enlisted 
in Massachusetts." 

At a meeting held in Philadelphia upon March 25th, 1863, for the 
promotion of a colored brigade to be commanded by Col. William An- 
geroth, a committee, including Messrs. F. C. Philpot, James Logan, Jacob 
Keefer, Charles Angeroth, Jr., W. Henry Moore and William Frishmuth, 
reported that the Secretary of War had promised immediate authority to 
proceed.* 

At another gathering of citizens held in Sansom Street Hall on 
the evening of June 19th, 1863, the following persons were named to 
constitute a general committee for raising black regiments: Thomas 
Webster, Chairman; J. Miller McKim, William H. Ashurst, Evan Ran- 
dolph, N. B. Brown, Adolph E. Borie, William D. Kelley, George H. 
Boker, Caleb H. Needles, William Rotch Wister, Thomas J. Megear, 
Henry Samuel, Henry C. Howell, B. F. Reimer, George T. Thorn, Enoch 
R. Hutchinson, William M. Tilghman, A. H. Franciscus, Cadwalader Bid- 
die, Samuel S. White, William P. Stotesbury, George M. Connarroe, 
George Truman, Jr., Charles Wise, John McAllister, Abraham Barker 
and A. G. Cattell. 

On the same date Lieut.-Col. Charles C. Ruff, U. S. A., notified 
the Citizens' Bounty Fund Committee that, as mustering officer at this 
post, he had "orders to authorize the formation of one regiment of ten 
companies, colored troops, each company to be eighty strong, to be mus- 
tered into the United States service and provided for, in all respects, the 
same as white troops." A week later, as a rendezvous for this class of 
troops. Camp William Penn was established outside of the city limit, in 
Cheltenham township, Montgomery County. Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner 

♦General Order No. 143, May 22d, 1863, provided for a bureau to be 
attached to the office of the Adjutant-General at Washington to record all matters 
relating to the organization of colored troops. Non-commissioned officers of 
colored regiments were selected from the ranks. 



(of tlie 88t]i Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry), who had been badly 
vvonnded at JUill ivini, was a])i)ointed to command the camp. 

Upon June 17th, 18O3, during the emergency excitement preceding 
the battle of Gettysburg, a company of colored men, under Capt. A. M. 
Babe, appeared at the City Arsenal and aj^plied for uniforms and guns. 
They were fitted out without (|uestion ancl sent to Harrisburg, but were 
promptly returned to riiiladelphia. This com])any was accepted by the 
(jovermnent and mustered ui)()n June 26th, 1803, and was said to have 
been the first com]):uiy of coloied troops of riiiladelphia enrolled in the 
United States service. 

When the o])portunity came to the free blacks of the north to 
enlist under the flag of the UnitMi their leading men, 'were prompt in 
appeal to their manhood. In riiiladelphia thousands of copies of a 
circular were distributed reading in part as follows : 

"Tliis is (Mir RoUk'ii inomcnt. The Government of the United States calls for 
every able-lxxlied coloreil man to enter the army for the three years' service, and 
join in ri);hlin)j; the battles of Liberty and the Union. A new era is open to us. 
lun- generations we have sulTered under the horrors of slavery outrage and wrong! 
Our manhood has l)een denied, our citi/.ensliip blotted out, our souls seared and 
burned, our spirits cowed and niislu-d, and the hopes of the future of our race 
involved in doubt and darkness. lUil now the whole aspect of our relations with 
the white race is changed. * * * * If we love our country, if we love cntr families, 
our children, our homes, we must strike noiv while the country calls. More than 
a million of while men have left comfortable homes and joined the armies of the 
Union to save (heir country. Cannot we leave ours and swell the hosls of the Union, 
save our liberties, vindicate our manhood and deserve well of our country? * * * si- 
Men of color! iirothers and fathers! We api)eal to you! J5y all your concern 
for yourselves and your liberties, l)y all your regard for God and humanity, by all 
your desire for citizenship and e(|ualily before tlie law, by all your love of country, 
to stop at no subterfuges, listen to nothing that shall deter you from rallying for 
the army. Strike now and you are henceforth and forever PVeemen !" 

Sic.Ni'RS: — E. D. Bassett, William 1"). Forten, Frederick Douglass, William 
Whipper, D. M. Turner, James McCrunnnell. A. S. Cassey, A. M. Green, J. W. 
Page, 1/. K. Seymour, Rev. J. Underdue, John W. Price, Augustus Dorsey, Rev. 
Stephen Smith, N. W. Depee, Dr. J. 11. Wilson, J. W. Cassey, P. J. Armstrong, 
J. W. J^impson, Rev. J. B. Trusty, S. Morgan Smith, William E. Gipson, Rev. J. 
Boulden, Rev. J. Asher, Rev. J. C. Gibbs, Daniel (K-orge, Robert M. Adger, Henry 
M. Cropper, Rev. J. B. Reeve, Rev. J. A. Williams, Rev. A. L. Stanford, Thomas 
J. Bowers, Elijah J. l^avis, John P. Umr, Robert Jones, O. V. Catto, Thomas J. 
Dorsey, I. D. CHIT. Jacob C. White, Morris Hall, James Needham, Rev. BUisha 
Weaver, ]",benezer Black, Rev. William T. Catto, James R. Gor(k)n, Sanuiel Stewart, 
David !'.. Uowser, Henry Minion, Daniel CoUey, J. C. White, Jr., Rev. J. P. Camp- 
bell, Rev. W. J. Alston, J. P. Johnson, Franklin Turner and Jesse E. Glasgow. 

White officers for the colored troops were selected with great care, 
generally from regiments of white troops in the field. The committee 
for the sujXM-vision of recruiting of colored regiments opened a school 
of instruction at 1210 Chestnut street, where, under the direction of 
Maj. (icorge A. 1 loanis, U. S. A. Commissioner, Col. John IT. Taggart 
(late an olVicer of tlie T2th Regiment. Veteran Reserve Corps), in- 
structed applicants for commissions. Uj)on October 3d, 1863, the 6th 



i89 

Regiment and four companies of the 8th Regiment, colored troops, were 
paraded in the city under the command of Col. John W. Ames, and 
escorted by Lieut.-Col. Louis Wagner and staff. These regiments were 
reviewed at the Union League Club and provided with a dinner at the 
Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon. The soldierly bearing of these 
troops won for them and their officers great praise from the newspapers 
and the public* 

The colored regiments mustered at Camp William Penn were num- 
bered the 3d, 6th, 8th, 22d, 24th, 25th, 32d, 41st, 43d, 45th and 127th, 
and as they were rated as part of the regular force of the United States 
Army, they were not credited upon the quota of Philadelphia or of the 
State of Pennsylvania. 

The records for bravery under fire and efficiency in the campaigns 
in which they were employed, to the credit of the colored soldiers in the 
Union Army, were shared by the ten thousand nine hundred and forty 
rank and file, and nearly four hundred white officers commanding them, 
all of whom were originally assembled at Camp William Penn. 

Upon a pillar of the Court of Honor erected in honor of the 33d 
Annual National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, Sep- 
tember 4th to 9th, 1899, was inscribed the name, for distinguished hero- 
ism, of Serg. Arthur Plarold of Company A, 8th Regiment, United States 
Colored Troops, who was killed at Petersburg. 

In a general order of October nth, 1864, Maj.-Gen. Benjamin F. 
Butler, referring to a charge made by these troops at New Market, wrote : 
"Better men were never better led, better officers never led better men. 
A few more such charges and to command colored troops will be the post 
of honor in the American armies." 

Ever since the Civil War colored regiments have been a part of the 
military arm of the nation. 



THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS) 

Colonel Benjamin G. Tilghman. 

Organized at Camp William Penn in August, 1863, this regiment was 
attachecl to the Fourth Brigade, Tenth Corps, and was stationed at Morris 
Island, Charleston Harbor, S. C, at Hilton ITead, S. C, and in Feb- 
ruary, 1864, transferred to Vogdes' Division, District of Florida. With 
this and other commands its subsequent service was confined to the State 
of Florida. The "3d" participated in the assaults on Forts Wagner and 

*For the assistance of these volunteers the Colored Women's Sanitary Com- 
mission was formed, with headquarters at 404 Walnut street. The officers were 
Mrs. CaroHne Johnson, President; Mrs. Arena Rufiin, Vice-President; Rev. Stephen 
Smith, Treasurer; Rev. J. Asher, Secretary. 



190 

Gregg, and in operations at Charleston, S. C. ; also in a series of expedi- 
tions and actions in Florida. For a considerable period the regiment 
served as heavy artillery. The command was retained in the service for 
garrison duty at Jacksonville, Fernandina and other points to October 
21 st, 1865, when it was mustered out. 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Operations on Morris' Island, S. C, including Forts Wagner and Gregg, expedi- 
tion to Florida, expedition to Lake City, Fla., expedition to Camp Milton, Fla., 
expedition to Bryant's plantation. 



SIXTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS) 

Coi^ONEL John W. Ames. 

Leaving Camp William Penn on October 14th, 1863, the "6th" 
joined the army at Fortress Monroe, and was, in the course of its his- 
tory, attached to the Eighteenth, Tenth and Twenty-fifth Corps. In its 
two years of service the regiment had a more active part in a field of 
operations covering a large portion of two States than any other colored 
regiment originating in Pennsylvania. With its camp at Yorktown, Va., 
the regiment accompanied expeditions into North Carolina and to vari- 
ous points on the peninsula, joining the colored division under Gen. B. 
F. Butler on the James River in May, 1864, and participating in battles 
and operations incident to the siege of Petersburg and Richmond. Its 
most notable record was gained at the battle of Chaffin's Farm (New 
Market Heights), where it lost most heavily. Here a company, led by 
Capt. John McMurray, went into the charge with thirty-two men and 
returned with but three. This was the greatest average company loss 
recorded of any troops in the course of the war. It was in this charge 
that Capt. Robert B. Beath, subsequently commissioned lieutenant-colonel, 
lost his leg. 

With the Twenty-fifth Corps in the operations on the North Carolina 
coast at the beginning of 1865, the "6th" was in the advance upon and 
capture of Fort Fisher, and in the following campaign, which cleared 
eastern North Carolina of the enemy and finally led to a junction with 
Gen. Sherman's army at Raleigh and the capitulation of Gen. Johnston, 
after which the "6th" performed garrison duty at Wilmington, N. C, to 
its muster out on September 20th, 1865. 

The chaplain. Rev. Jeremiah W. Asher, lost his life at Wilmington 
through attendance on men suffering from malignant fever. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers, 8 ; men, 79 

Died of disease " 5 ; " 132 

Wounded, not mortally, and missing (officers and men) 168 



igi 

BATTLES. 

Expedition against Richmond, skirmish near Williamsburg, expedition from 
Yorktown to New Kent Court House, City Point, Petersburg (June 9th, 1864), 
Butler's operations against Petersburg and Richmond, Petersburg (assault June 
iSth, 1864), Petersburg (June i6th, i8th, 1864), Dutch Gap, Chaffin's Farm (Fort 
Harrison), Fort Fisher (December, 1864), Fort Fisher (January, 1865), Sugar 
Loaf Battery, N. C, occupation of Wilmington. N. C, skirmish, Phillips Cross 
Roads, N. C. 



EIGHTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS) 

Colonel John W. Fuller. 

This regiment was ready for the field in December, 1863, and left 
Philadelphia for Hilton Head, S. C, on January i6th, 1864, from which 
point it was ordered to Jacksonville, Fla. At the battle of Olustee, a 
point about fifty miles westward from that city, on February 20th, the 
"8th" met with disastrous losses. Among the wounded was Capt. (after- 
ward Lieut.-Col.) George E. Wagner, brother of Gen. Louis Wagner. 
After several months of further campaigning in Florida the regiment was 
sent to the Tenth Corps, operating in front of Richmond and Petersburg. 
The "8th" was engaged in the battles of Chaffin's Farm (Fort Harrison), 
Darbytown Road and the second Fair Oaks. After wintering in the 
trenches before Richmond the regiment participated in the final struggle 
around Petersburg, and was present at the scene of the surrender at 
Appomattox. After several weeks of duty at Petersburg the "8th" was 
sent by transport to Texas, serving there until November. The regiment 
was mustered out on the loth, and finally discharged at Philadelphia 
December 12th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or mortally wounded officers, 4; men, 115 

Died of disease " 132 

Wounded, not mortally " 245 

Captured or missing " 72 

BATTLES. 

Olustee, Bermuda Hundred, Chaffin's Farm, Darbytown Road, siege of Peters- 
burg, Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Appomattox Court House. 

Note. — This regiment is included in the well-known and oft quoted list of "Three 
Hundred Fighting Regiments." Fox. 



TWENTY=SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 

TROOPS) 

Colonel Joseph B. Kiddoo. 

This regiment proceeded from Camp William Penn to Yorktown, 
Va., at the end of January, 1864, and as a part of Hinck's Division, 
Eighteenth Corps, participated in ]3utler's demonstrations against Peters- 



192 

burg and Richmond, and was engaged in the attack on Fort Powhattan 
incident to Grant's advance to and across the James River. The ''22d" 
was active in the heavy siege operations beginning in June, 1864, and 
ending with the fall of Petersburg and Richmond, fighting in many 
notable battles incident to that period of the war. It was honored by 
selection as one of the first Union regiments sent into Richmond. It 
was detailed as part of the escort at the funeral obsequies of President 
Lincoln at Washington, after which it was sent to the Eastern Shore of 
Maryland in pursuit of the assassins. The "22d" was now transported 
to Texas as part of the Twenty-fifth Corps, where it was kept on patrol 
duty along the Rio Grande River for four months. The regiment was 
mustered out October i6th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 2 ; men, 70 

Died of disease, etc " i ; " 144 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Engaged on duty near Yorktown, Butler's operations, Bermuda Hundred, Fort 
Powhattan, Dutch Gap, assault at Petersburg, Chaffin's Farm (New Market), Fair 
Oaks (October 27th, 28th, 1864), Chaffin's Farm (November 4th), in trenches be- 
fore Richmond, occupation of Richmond, duty in Texas to end of enlistment. 



TWENTY=FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 

TROOPS) 

Colonel Orlando Brown. 

This regiment was moved from Camp William Penn to Washington 
May 5th, 1865. After a brief stay at (^amp Casey it was assigned to 
guard prisoners at Point Lookout, Md., and subsequently to patrol 
and provost duty at Richmond, Va., and points in Virginia, with head- 
quarters at Burkeville. It was mustered out at Richmond October ist, 
1865. 



TWENTY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED TROOPS) 

Colonel Octavius A. Scroggs. 

The right wing of this regiment left Philadelphia March 15th, 1864, 
and was assigned to garrison duty at Beaufort, N. C, later joining the 
left wing at New Orleans. In October the command was sent to Pensa- 
cola, Fla., in which State it was garrisoned at Forts Pickens and Bar- 
rancas to the conclusion of its service, December 6th, 1865. 




CONFEDERATE PRISONERS AT FORT DELAWARE. 



THIRTY=SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 

TROOPS) 

Colonel George W. Baikd. 

Organized at Camp William Penn in the spring of 1864, the "32d" 
was ordered to Hilton Head, S. C, arriving there on April 27th. A few- 
weeks later the command was sent to Morris Island, joining the troops 
then operating against Charleston. Here and at points along the South 
Carolina coast the regiment was on duty throughout its term of service. 
It was mustered out August 22d, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died of wounds officers, 2 ; men, 35 

Died of disease " 113 

BATTLES, ETC. 

Duty at Hilton Head, Morris' Island, siege operations, expedition to Boyd's 
Neck, Honey Hill, raid on Savannah Railroad, Devaux Neck, James' Island, oc- 
cupation of Charleston, Potter expedition. Dingle's Mills, Statesboro, Camden, 
Boydkin's Mills, Beach Creek, Denken's Mills. 



FORTY=FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 

TROOPS) 

Colonel Llewellyn F. Haskell. 

This regiment left Camp William Penn October i8th, 1864, proceed- 
ing to the vicinity of Richmond, there being attached to Hinck's Division, 
Tenth Corps. The regiment remained with the Army of the Potomac 
until May 25th, 1865, being then sent by sea to join the Twenty-fifth 
Corps in Texas,* where it was engaged on guard and patrol duty. In 
September; 1865, the "41st" was reduced to a battalion of four com- 
panies. It was mustered out at Brownsville November loth, and dis- 
banded at Philadelphia on December 14th, 1865. 

BATTLES AND SERVICES. 

Deep Bottom, before Richmond. Fair Oaks (October 27th, 28th. 1864), picket 
duty at Chaffin's Farm, Hatcher's Run, Fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Ap- 
pomattox Court House, on duty at Edenburg, Texas. 

*The Twenty-fifth Corps was composed of colored troops of the Tenth and 
Eighteenth Corps. It was created December 3d, 1864, and the entire corps 
was transferred to Texas in May and June, 1865. It was commanded by Major- 
Gen. Godfrey Weitzel. 

13 193 



FORTY^THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 

TROOPS) 

Colonel Stephen B. Yeoman. 

Organized at Camp William Penn, this regiment was stationed at 
Annapolis April i8th, 1864. It was attached to the Ninth Corps from 
September to November, being then transferred to the Twenty-fifth 
Corps, and participated in the active campaigns incident to the siege of 
Petersburg and Richmond, being often engaged. After the conclusion 
of hostilities in Virginia the regiment was dispatched to Texas. It was 
mustered out October 20th, and discharged at Philadelphia November 
30th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died of wounds officers. 3 ; men, 48 

Died of disease " 188 

BATTLES AND SERVICES. 

Campaign from the Rapidan to the James River, before Petersburg, opera- 
tions against Richmond, mine explosion, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Grove Church, 
Boydton Plank Road, Hatcher's Run, before Richmond through the winter, 
Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, Appomattox Court House, duty 
at Petersburg and City Point, duty on the Rio Grande River to end of enlist- 
ment. 



FORTY=FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY (U. S. COLORED 



Colonel Ulysses Doubleday. 

This regiment was recruited during the summer of 1864. Four 
companies were ordered from Camp William Penn in July for garrison 
duty at Arlington Heights. Six companies left Philadelphia late in Sep- 
tember and were assigned to the Tenth Corps. These companies experi- 
enced the fighting with which the command is credited, being engaged 
in several of the battles incident to the investment of Petersburg and 
Richmond. The battalion from Arlington joined the later companies in 
camp at Chaffin's Farm and shared with them in the Appomattox cam- 
paign, after which the regiment was ordered to Texas along with other 
colored regiments and employed there on guard and provost duty. The 
"45th" was mustered out at Brownsville November 4th, 1865. 
i 

BATTLES AND SERVICES. 

Guard duty at Arlington (four companies), movements around Richmond, 
Chaffin's Farm, Fort Harrison, Fair Oaks (October 27th, 28th, 1864), winter in 
the trenches before Richmond, Hatcher's Run, fall of Petersburg, pursuit of Lee, 
Appomattox Court House, guard duty at City Point, duty on the Rio Grande to 
end of enlistment. 

194 



ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY=SEVENTH REGIMENT INFANTRY 
(U. S. COLORED TROOPS) 

CoLONEi. Benjamin F. Tracy. 

This regiment was the last to leave Camp William Penn. It was 
ordered to City Point, Va., in September, 1864, and there attached to 
the Tenth Corps. Its movements and engagements were identical with 
those of the left wing of the "45th" Regiment, including the transfer 
after Lee's surrender to further duty in Texas. It was mustered out 
upon the Rio Grande river October 20th, 1865. 



SOME OF THE FIGHTING REGIMENTS 




N oft-quoted list of three hundred regiments, selected from the 
entire Union force for superior fighting records, by Col. 
William F. Fox* includes the following commands identified 
with Philadelphia: Cavalry — nth Regiment. Infantry — 26th, 
28th, 6ist, 69th, 71st, 72d, 8ist, 9Sth, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 150th 
Regiments, 6th and 8th U. S. (Colored) Regiments. In qualifying his 
selections, Col. Fox says: "It is not claimed that these are the three 
hundred fighting regiments of the army, but that they are the three 
hundred fighting regiments which evidently did considerable fighting dur- 
ing the war." 

An impartial study of the records made by a number of Philadel- 
phia regiments not included in the above list must awaken a sense of re- 
gret that their achievements as efifective fighters were not duly considered 
in the compilation thus set forth. 

PHILADELPHIA REGIMENTS WHICH SUSTAINED A LOSS IN KILLED 

AND MORTALLY WOUNDED EXCEEDING TEN PER CENT. OF 

TOTAL ENROLMENT IN ACTIVE SERVICE.* 

Total 

6ist Regiment 237 11.9 per cent. 

69th " 178 10.3 

72d " 193 12.9 

8ist " 208 12.9 

io6th " 104 10.3 

. ii8th " 141 ii.o 

119th " 141 ii.S 

i2ist " 109 12.5 

i88th " 103 10.3 

150th " 112 10.3 



^"Regimental Losses in the American Civil War." 



FORT DELAWARE AND FORT MIFFLIN 



FORT DELAWARE, the chief defensive work for the Port of 
Philadelphia, was building, according to the original plan, in 
1850.* At this time historic Fort Mifflin, within sight of the 
present Navy Yard at League Island, was the only point of 
protection afforded Philadelphia. During the Civil War a garrison was 
maintained at Fort Mifflin, where large supplies of ammunition were 
stored. Here, also, was the execution ground for deserters and "bounty 
jumpers. "t Fort Delaware, located in mid-stream, upon an island of 
one hundred and twenty-five acres, is a massive structure, its ground 
plan forming an irregular pentagon. In 1861 its armament consisted 
of nineteen columbiads, fourteen eight-inch guns and a large number of 
smaller cannon. The range of gun-fire was three miles. This place 
was admirably adapted for a military prison camp. The post was placed 
in the command of Brig.-Gen. A. Shoepf, U. S. A. In April, 1861, a 
single company of seventy regular artillerymen guarded the fort.t On 
April 24th the Commonwealth Artillery, volunteers from Philadelphia, 
reinforced the garrison. A guard-boat, the Hero, was employed as a 
patrol. The space outside of the fort was gradually covered with bar- 
racks for the prisoners of war who were guarded here at a later time. 
The weakness of the forts of the Delaware River and Bay was a 
cause of much anxiety to the civil and military authorities of Philadel- 
phia and to the State Government, and while, in the course of the war, 
much was done to strengthen the armaments of old Fort Mifflin and Fort 

*In 1851 the construction work on Fort Delaware was in charge of Capt. Geor^^e 
B. McClellan, of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. He was subsequently sent by- 
Jefferson Davis, Secretary of War, to study mihtary science in the Crimea. He 
resigned from the army in 1857 to enter the field of railroad construction and 
operation. In 1859. when a member of the Inquirer staff visited the fort, it was 
far from completion, and no guns had been sent for emplacement. The work at 
that period was under charge of Captain John Newton, U. S. A. 

t in the winter of 1863-64 the crew of the bark A. I. were imprisoned at Fort 
Mifflin. This vessel, laden with heavy cannon from the Navy Yard, shells from 
ordnance stores and powder from the Dupont Mills, was, it has always been 
thought, destined to voluntary capture by the Confederates. The ship was finally 
released by orders from Washington, but the mystery of the disloyalty in high 
places revealed in this strange transaction was never cleared up. The case of 
the owners against Provost Marshal Gen. George Cadwalader was only settled 
by a verdict for the defendant five years later. The story has been recorded in 
"A True Romance of the Rebellion," by A. A. Gen. Cyrus S. Haldeman. 

tit is stated in Sharf & Westcott's history that, on April iQth, 175 men 
proceeded to garrison Fort Delaware. The Commonwealth Artillery and Penn- 
sylvania Guards left for Fort Delaware on the night of April 24th. 

Fort Mifflin was garrisoned by the Richmond (Philadelphia) Artillery and 
the Kensington Rifles with a detachment of police on the morning of April 23d, 1861. 

196 



197 

Delaware, these works were not made secure against the danger of re- 
duction, especially by "foreign" fleets, of which there was, much of the 
time, good reason to be afraid. This reasonable apprehension was 
reflected in repeated representations from the Pennsylvania Legislature 
to the United States Government.* 

Among the Philadelphia troops stationed at Fort Delaware, fol- 
lowing those of the Commonwealth Artillery, were Segebarth's Marine 
Artillery, two companies, and also Independent Battery A, Heavy Artil- 
lery, Capt. Frank Schaffer. From March ist, 1862, the battery was com- 
manded by Capt. Stanislaus Mlotkowski. This command, enlisted for 
three years, was stationed here from September 19th, 1861, to the con- 
clusion of the war, having been reorganized at the end of its enlistment, 
in September, 1864. It was finally discharged from service June 30th, 
1865. 

A battalion of four companies of the 157th Regiment, Lieut.-Col. 
Edmund T. Tiers, was stationed at the fort in December, 1862. Com- 
panies D, G and H, 3d Heavy Artillery, were stationed here in the 
early part of 1862. 

Companies L and M, of the 2d Heavy Artillery (112th Regiment), 
were on duty at the fort two months, in the summer of 1863. The 
196th Regiment, Penna. Vols. (5th Union League Regiment), was lo- 
cated here in November, 1864. 

The 215th Regiment (9th Union League Regiment), Col. Francis 
Wister, served at the fort from June to August, 1865. 

The prisoners were generally, if not altogether, conveyed to Fort 
Delaware through Philadelphia. The largest single party of Confederates 
arrived upon June 9th, 1863, and came from Vicksburg.f They num- 
bered twenty-four hundred. As a rule, the prisoners, as well as their 

* Joint Resolution approved February 26th, 1862 (Pamphlet Laws, 1862, page 
550), relative to the defences of Delaware River and Bay. 

WhErBas, New exigencies have arisen to force upon the attention of Penn- 
sylvania the unprotected condition of the eastern coast of the State. ***** 
Be it Enacted, etc.. That, moved by the deepest solicitude in view of the con- 
tinued delay of the United States Government, we urge upon our Senators and 
Representatives in Congress the exertion of the most strenuous and immediate 
efforts to secure a system of adequate defence for the Delaware River and Bay. 
The Governor of this Commonwealth is requested to confer with the Governors 
of New Jersey and Delaware to secure co-operation of these States in the further- 
ance of this important object, alike indispensable to the interests of these States. 

Again, by Joint Resolution of May 26th, 1862, the Pennsylvania Legislature 
urged insistently and impressively that the Government should provide such de- 
fensive works "as shall remove all apprehension from sudden invasion of either 
domestic or foreign foes." The State authorities offered to pledge the credit of 
the Commonwealth, if necessary, to the extent of one million dollars for this 
purpose. 

tThe siege of Vicksburg began upon May i8th. The surrender occurred on 
July 4th. These prisoners were captured during the intervening assaults conducted 
by Gen. U. S. Grant. 



J98 

guards, were given a hearty meal at the refreshment saloons before 
taking steamers at the foot of Washington avenue. This kindly treat- 
ment was a surprise to the captives. 

It was reported that on July ist, 1863, the prisoners at the fort 
numbered three thousand five hundred and seventy-six. Prior to and 
during the battle of Gettysburg these prisoners confidently expected speedy 
release at the hands of the advancing Confederate army. Much anxiety 
existed, with regard to them, in Philadelphia, and the guards were greatly 
increased. During July and August, following the battle, in excess of nine 
thousand additional prisoners arrived at the fort. This accession neces- 
sitated more extensive hospital facilities. In September, 1863, a new hos- 
pital, containing six hundred beds, and in every way sanitary and com- 
fortable, was opened for the use of both the prisoners and their guards, 
without distinction. As a story had been spread abroad that the prison- 
ers were being ill-treated, a number of Confederate surgeons, confined 
at the fort, united in a communication to the Philadelphia newspapers 
denying the report and testifying to the very low death rate among 
the prisoners. At this time there were many among the prisoners who 
realized that the Confederacy was destined to fail and were glad to avail 
themselves of an opportunity to enlist in the Union army.* 

One detachment of two hundred recruits from among the prisoners 
was taken to Baltimore and attached to a Federal cavalry regiment. 

At a time when many thousand of our ill-fated Union volunteers 
were being starved to death at Salisbury, N. C. ; Florence, S. C, and 
at Andersonville, Ga., the bill of fare served in the hospital, to Con- 
federates, in the prison camp at Fort Delaware, was as follows : 

Sunday : 

Breakfast — bread and butter, cold meat, coffee. Dinner — beef soup, potatoes, 
bread pudding. Supper — bread and butter, tea, stewed fruit. 
Monday : 

Breakfast — bread and butter, hash, coffee. Dinner — Irish stew, bread. Supper — 
mush and milk, cof¥ee. 
Tuesday : 

Breakfast — fried mush and molasses, coffee. Dinner — soup, roast beef, vege- 
tables, bread. Supper — cold beef, bread and butter, tea. 
Wednesday : 

Breakfast — two eggs, bread and butter, coffee. Dinner — pork and beans, po- 
tatoes, bread pudding. Supper — mush and milk, bread and butter, tea. 
Thursday : 

Breakfast — bread and butter, mush and molasses, coffee. Dinner — chicken soup, 
potatoes, bread and rice. Supper — cold' beef, bread and butter, stewed 
fruit, tea. 

* To the West Philadelphia police is due the credit of capturing the only lone 
invader, of the four dreaded northward forays of the Confederate hosts, who 
succeeded in entering this City save as a prisoner of war. On July 22d, 1864, 
George Bane, of Moseby's Cavalry, was picked up at Grays Ferry. Clad in his 
dusty uniform, he disclaimed any credit as a deserter. Having been left in the 
rear of Early's raiders, he "just thought he would like to see what Philadelphia 
looked like," so he toured northward. He was registered at Fort Delaware. 



199 

Friday : 

Breakfast — two eggs, bread and butter, coffee. Dinner — mutton stew, vege- 
tables, bread. Supper — mush and milk, coffee. 
Saturday : 

Breakfast — fried mush and molasses. Dinner — roast beef, potatoes, bread and 
butter, coffee. Supper — cold beef, bread and butter, coffee. 

Two books, written by Confederate civilians, furnish interesting 
side-lights upon experiences of prisoners of war held in northern military 
prisons during the Rebellion period. The first of these, John A. Marshall, 
author, entitled "The American Bastile," was printed in Philadelphia in 
1869, and purports to set forth the sufferings of about one hundred 
northern men arrested and immured upon various charges of treasonable 
conduct. Of the list five persons, Charles and Edward Ingersoll, WilHam 
H, Winder, John Apple and John E. Robinson, were Philadelphians. 
The pages of this work are strongly tinctured with the wrath of the 
"unreconstructed" and cannot be regarded as impartial testimony. The 
other, entitled "United States Bonds, or Duress by Federal Authority," 
was penned by the Rev. Isaac W. K. Handy (father of the late Moses 
P. Handy, journalist), a minister of Portsmouth, Virginia. Dr. Handy's 
book deals entirely with prison life at Fort Delaware, where he was 
detained over a period of fifteen months, beginning July 21st, 1863. 
This volume* is a valuable and temperate journal of "inside" experiences 
at the great prison camp, dealing, as it does, with all fairness, concerning 
the routine of the prison and the incidents of which he was a witness, 
and testifying, in a modest way, to the religious influence he was able 
to exert over a large proportion of his fellow prisoners. The book con- 
tains the names of six hundred Confederates who were removed from 
Fort Delaware on August 20th, 1864, by transport to Morris Island, 
S. C, as a measure of reprisal. 

Dr. Handy's estimate of the commandant at Fort Delaware is sug- 
gested in the following quotation (Page 272) : 

"I was passing a sally-port when I heard my name called by the Commandant, 
and before I could cross over he said, 'You will be released in a few days.' As 
I was approaching General Schoepf (who was walking with General Jeff. Thomp- 
son) the Commandant said, pointing to me, 'He is a Rebel, too.' I inquired of 
General Thompson how he happened to be at Fort Delaware. 'He came here,' said 
General Schoepf, 'to be well treated. We know how to treat the soldier here, 
don't you think so?' I very cordially assented to this remark. The General con- 
tinued, 'You must not abuse me when you leave here.' 'I shall not be disposed to 
do so,' I rephed. 'You have always treated me with great kindness. I think you 
have the good feeling of all the prisoners.' " 

It is further related that the famous guerilla chief had been invited 
to dine with the commanding officer and was visited, a little later, by 
his reverend acquaintance, who found him comfortably roomed and 
"seated in front of a good coal fire." 

* A copy of Dr. Handy's book may be seen at the Philadelphia Library. 



THE NAVY 




PENNSYLVANIA was well represented in 
the navy register of the Civil War period. 
The most notable figure, native of Phila- 
delphia, in the service was Capt. Charles 
Stewart. This fine old sea fighter was born when 
the British occupied Philadelphia in 1778. In 1862 
he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral. For 
a long term he was the senior retired officer of the 
navy, and was only retired after seventy-one years 
of service. He died, at the age of ninety-one, in 
1869. Other distinguished naval officers, natives 
of the State and all Philadelphians by birth or 
residence, were : 

Rear Admirals James L. Lardner, David Dixon 
Porter, Sylvanus W. Godon, John A. Dahlgren, John C. 
Howell, Elie A. F. Lavalette, Clark H. Wells, James 
McQueen Forsyth, Lewis Wood Robinson, Henry Kuhn 
Hoff, Edward York McCauley, George Wallace Melville, 
John Marston, George Campbell Read. 

Commodores William McKean, Joseph Beale, Edward 
Rees Thompson, Garrett J. Pendergrast, John C. Febiger, William Talbot Truxton, 
James H. VVatmough, William J. McCluney, William Ronckendorf. 

Captains Benjamin Franklin Garvin. George Cochran, Albert Carpenter 
Gorgas, William Rawle Brown, Henry S. Steelwagen, H. A. Adams. 
Commander Abner Reed. 

Lieut. Commanders A. Boyd Cummings, John Livingston. D. Borthwick, 
James Patterson Robertson, Clarke Merchant, Henry Douglas McEwan, George 
H. White. 

Lieutenants Frank M. Ashton, Harrison Allen, Henry Clay Mcllvaine. 

U. S. MARINE CORPS. 

Brig-Gen. Jacob Zeilin, Col. Charles Grymes McCawley, Col. James Forney, 
Major John C. Cash, Lieut. James Black Young. 

Surgeons Edward F. Carson, Samuel H. Peltz and William Whelan. 

NECROLOGY. 
Of the above officers those who were killed or died during the war included : 
George Campbell Read, U. S. N., Rear Admiral. Died August 22d, 1862. 
Garrett J. Pendergrast, U. S. N., Commandant, U. S. Navy Yard at Philadel- 
phia. Died November 7th, 1862. 
Abner Reed, Commander. Died July 12th, 1863, from wounds received in action. 
Edward F. Carson, Surgeon. Died July 22d, 1864. 
Samuel H. Peltz, Surgeon. Died January isth, 1865. 

William Whelan, Surgeon, Chief of the Naval Medical Bureau. Died June, 1865. 

200 




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U. S. S. NEW IRONSIDES. 




U. S. S. TUSCARORA. 



WORK AT THE OLD PHILADELPHIA NAVY YARD AND IN 
PRIVATE SHIPYARDS 



r^HE first United States Navy Yard at Phila- 
I delphia was located in the First Ward, just 

i^ south of Washington avenue, and fronting 

upon the Delaware River. The entrance 
was on Federal street. It included, in an irregular 
quadrangle, eighteen acres, which were enclosed upon 
the land sides by a high brick wall. The principal 
buildings were two great ship-houses, moulding lofts, 
machine shops and barracks. A sectional floating dry- 
dock was also a part of the equipment. In the ante- 
bellum days the average number of men employed 
was eight hundred. These civilian employees very 
generally lived, with their families, in the neighbor- 
hood. 

The Navy Yard occupied the site of the pre- 
Revolutionary Association Battery, where, at a later 
period, Joshua Humphries had a shipyard. This 
leading naval architect built the frigate United States 
here, in 1797, and in 1799, launched the famous 
frigate Philadelphia, which was presented to the Gov- 
ernment by the State of Pennsylvania, a ship forever 
associated with the brilliant exploit of Stephen Decatur in the harbor of 
Tripoli.* The Government established the Navy Yard in the year 1800, 
and it became the chief building and outfitting plant of the Navy. The 
ship of the line North Carolina was launched here in 1820, and in 1837 the 
frigate Pennsylvania, the largest ship ever constructed, up to that date, 
was completed. The Vandalia, Dale, Germantown, Wyoming, Raritan, 
Wabash, Lancaster, Mississippi and Susquehanna were all built at this 
yard by Philadelphia workmen. The Princeton, fastest ship of her time, 
famous in the annals of the Kane Arctic Expedition, was turned out 
here. Of these Philadelphia ships the Pennsylvania, Germantown and 
Raritan were burned April 20th, 1861, at the Portsmouth, Va., Navy 
Yard. 

The Civil War gave employment, at this Navy Yard, to a force of 
mechanics numbering, at times, 2,500 to 3,000 men. A remarkable 
achievement was the building of the sloop of war Tuscarora, which was 
constructed in fifty-eight days and launched on August 24th, 1861. This 




*Joshua Humphries was appointed First Chief Naval Constructor, and was 
succeeded by his son, Samuel Humphries, who held the position to 1846. 

201 



202 

feat had never been equalled in naval history. Upon December 7th 
this fine ship was taken to New York for her armament, and in a few 
months was busy hunting down Confederate privateers in European 
waters. Constant repair and outfitting work throughout the war left 
scant time for new construction. In February, 1861, the workmen were 
busy outfitting "Water Witch," Jamestown, Pawnee and St. Lawrence. 
In the course of the war, however, a number of notable sea fighters were 
built "of good Delaware white oak" at this historic yard. Of the forty 
United States warships upon the seas at the beginning at 1861 the 
Brooklyn, Crusader, Falmouth, Mohawk, Macedonian, Pawnee, Poca- 
hontas, Powhattan, Sabine, St. Louis, Wyandotte and Supply were en- 
rolled in the home squadron. The balance were in distant parts of the 
world, and as they gradually reported upon the coast they were assigned 
to the various navy yards for refitting and recruiting. The Philadelphia 
Navy Yard had, of these, its full quota. 

Upon June i8th, 1862, the City Councils had undertaken a move- 
ment to induce the Government to establish a new navy yard at League 
Island. Eventually the city presented the site to the Navy Department, 
and the Government began the preparatory work. After removal to that 
location the old Navy Yard was sold at auction upon December 2d, 1875.* 

The New Ironsides. 

By far the most important vessel built at this port for war purposes 
and the most formidable ship of the navy was the New Ironsides, the 
contract for which was awarded to William Cramp & Sons. This 
fighting monster was launched, armed and in service eleven months 
after the work was commenced. She was a distinctly new type, having 
a displacement of 5,080 tons, ship-rigged, 1,800 horsepower, and carried 
sixteen 2,200 pounder Dahlgren guns and two Parrott rifled guns on 
pivots. The broadside weight was 1,100 pounds. Her wooden framing 
was the heaviest ever placed in a ship. She was sheathed with four-inch 
iron plates backed with fourteen inches of oak. The plating covered the 
ship from the spar deck to a line four feet below the water level. Length, 
232 feet; beam, 57 feet 6 inches; draught, 15 feet. The New Ironsides, 
being intended for coastwise service, was barque rigged. The plates 
for the ship were made by Bailey, Brown & Co., of Pittsburgh, and 
at the Bristol (Pa.) Iron Works. The engines were built by S. V. 
Merrick & Sons, Philadelphia, This new type of sea fighter was 
launched upon May loth, 1862, being christened by the venerable Com- 

*Report of 1862, Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy: 

In March, 1861, the navy had only 42 vessels in commission. Only 207 men 
were available as recruits at all of the naval stations. The entire number of 
seamen was 7,600. Upon December ist, 1862, the navy had 427 vessels in commis- 
sion and building, the average strength of the naval force for the year being 
about 20,000. 



203 

modore Charles Stewart, and soon afterward became the flagship of 
Admiral S. F. Du Pont. 

In the course of the war the New Ironsides participated in twenty 
battles, including that of Fort Fisher, where she engaged the heavy 
Confederate batteries at short range, and through it all sustained but 
slight injuries. While laid up at League Island in 1866 she was de- 
stroyed by fire. 

In other private shipyards hundreds of skilled mechanics were busy 
upon Government ship construction and repair throughout the war, and 
at the Neafie 8c Levy plant many of the engines were built for naval 
use. This firm built the boilers for the ponderous iron submarine battery 
which was constructed at Bordentown, N. J., by E. A. Stevens. A gun- 
boat was also launched at Bordentown on March 15th, 1862, which 
is said to have been the first warship ever built in New Jersey. In the 
summer of 1862 two monitors, the Sangamon and Lehigh, were completed 
at Chester, Pa., by the firm of Reaney, Son & Archbold. This firm also 
built the steamer Wateree. Several gunboats were also built at Wil- 
mington, Delaware. 

Ships of War Built at the Port of Philadelphia During the War. 

At the U. S. Navy Yard: 

Sloop-of-War "Tuscarora." Launched August 24th, 1861. Machinery, S. V. 
Merrick & Sons. 

Sloop-of-War "Juniata." Launched March 20th, 1862. Machinery, Pusey, 
Jones & Co., Wilmington. 

Sloop-of-War "Swatara." 1862. Machinery, Washington. 

Steamer "Miami." Launched Nov. 17th, 1861. Machinery, S. V. Merrick & 
Sons. 

Sloop-of-War "Yantic." 1864. Machinery, S. V. Merrick & Sons. 

Sloop-of-War "Monongahela." Launched July loth, 1862. Machinery, S. V. 
Merrick & Sons. 

Sloop-of-War "Shenandoah." Launched Dec. 8th, 1862. Machinery, S. V. 
Merrick & Sons. 

Gunboat "Kansas." 1863. 

Steam Frigate "Neshaminy." Launched Oct. 5th, 1865. 

Steamer "Tacony." 1863. Machinery, Morris Towne & Co. 

Ironclad double turret Monitor "Tonawanda." 1864. Machinery, S. V. Mer- 
rick & Sons. 
In Private Ship Yards : 

Gunboat "Kittanning." Launched Oct. ist, 1861. Simpson & Neill. 

Gunboat "Itasca." Launched Oct. ist, 1861. Hillman & Streaker. Ma- 
chinery, J. P. Morris & Co. 

Gunboat "Wissahickon." Launched Oct. 2d, 1861. John W. Lynn. 

Gunboat "Sciota." Launched Oct. isth, 1861. Jacob Birely. Machinery, J. P. 
Morris & Co. 

Ironclad Frigate "New Ironsides." Launched May loth, 1862. Wm. Cramp 
& Sons. Machinery, S. V. Merrick & Sons. 

Transport "Wyalusing." Launched May 12th, 1863. Wm. Cramp & Sons. 
Machinery, Pusey, Jones & Co., Wilmington. 

Gunboat "Pontiac." Launched May i6th, 1863. Birley, Hillman & Co. 

Sloop-of-War "Chattanooga." Launched Oct. 13th, 1864. Wm. Cramp & Sons. 



204 

The downtown river wards furnished a large percentage of the 
men who formed the crews of the Philadelphia-built warships, and 
later, when drafts impended in some of these wards, this fact and the 
employment of thousands of men in the shipyards and machine shops 
along or near the Delaware River was urged as a valid reason for the 
deficiency found in filling their quotas of volunteers for the army.* 

Numerous prize ships were brought to this port, and our ship owners 
lost many merchant vessels at the hands of Confederate privateers. The 
packet ship "Tonawanda," of the Cope Line, Capt. Theodore Julius, was 
captured upon October 9th, 1862, by the famous "Alabama" and bonded 
for $80,000. This bond was never enforced.! 



WAR SERVICE OF OUR SHIPS 





ECORDS of the war service of some of the 
Philadelphia-built vessels of the Civil War have 
been furnished for this book by the Navy De- 
partment. They are as follows: 

"Itasca," gunboat, 507 tons. Served during Civil War with 
West Gulf Squadron; engaged in operations against Forts 
Jackson and St. Philip, April 20th-24th, 1862; actively engaged 
on Mississippi River, sharing in a number of captures ; took 
prominent part in Battle of Mobile Bay, Aug. 5th, 1864. Sold 
in New York, November 30th, 1865. 

"Juniata," sloop-of-war, 1240 tons. Commissioned Decem- 
ber 4th, 1862; served with the North Atlantic Squadron, 
cruising on coast, and taking a number of prizes ; took part 
in attacks on Fort Fisher, December 24th, 1864, and in Janu- 
ary, 1865 ; cruised on coast of Brazil and west coast of Africa, 
1866; out of commission, 1867-68. Sold, March 2Sth, 1891. 

"Sciota," gunboat, 507 tons. Served with West Gulf Squad- 
ron ; took part in engagement with Forts Jackson and St. 
Philip, April 24th, 1862 ; made the passage of Vicksburg 
batteries, June 28th, 1862 ; engaged Ram "Arkansas" as she 
passed the fleet ; engaged batteries at Donaldsonville, October 
4th, 1862 ; captured and destroyed a number of schooners in 
the Rio Grande ; sunk in a collision in Mississippi River with 



*At the close of the war the United States navy had in service 51,500 seamen 
'ifd 7,500 officers. The total number killed during the war was 4,647 officers and 
men. The value of the captures made by the navy was estimated for ships and 
cargoes at $31,000,000. The sailors and marines enlisted from Pennsylvania during 
the war numbered 14,307. 

fWhile the English-built Confederate privateers, largely manned by British 
crews, were capturing and burning American merchant ships, Philadelphia filled 



205 

"Antonia," July 14th, 1863; floated and repaired; co-operated with troops in Mata- 
gorda Bay, December 29th, 1863 ; engaged batteries in St. Bernard River, February 
8th and 9th, 1864, capturing several schooners; sunk by torpedo in Mobile Bay, 
April 14th, 1865; raised and repaired. Sold at New York, October 25th, 1865. 

"Shenandoah," sloop-of-war, 1375 tons. Served with North Atlantic Blockading 
Squadron; captured several blockade runners; took part in attacks on Fort Fisher, 
December 24th, 1864, January 13-15, 1865; cruised in search of the Confederate 
vessel "Florida," July, 1864; 1865, in South Atlantic Squadron; 1866-69, in Asiatic 
Squadron; 1870-71, at Boston Navy Yard; 1872-73, on the European Station; 1874- 
75, laid up in ordinary at New London ; 1876-77, laid up in ordinary at New York ; 
1878-79. repairing at New York; 1880-82, flagship. South Atlantic Squadron; 1883, 
repairing at Boston; 1884-86, on Pacific Station. Sold July 30th, 1887. 

"Wissahickon," gunboat, 507 tons. Commissioned November 25th, 1861 ; served 
with West Gulf and South Atlantic Blockading Squadrons ; on active _ duty in 
Mississippi river, below Forts Jackson and St. Philip, passing forts with fleet, 
April 24th, 1862; engaged batteries at Grand Gulf, June 8th to loth, 1862; passed 
batteries at Vicksburg, June 28th, 1862; engaged Ram "Arkansas," July 15th, 
1862; engaged Genesis Point Battery, November 19th, 1862; engaged Fort Mc- 
Allister, January 27th, 1863, and February ist, 1863; assisted in the destruction 
of the Confederate Steamship "Nashville," February 28th, 1863; again attacked 
Fort McAllister, March 3d, 1863; engaged batteries on Cumming's Point, July 
ist, 1863; engaged Fort Morgan, July 12th, 1863, and Fort Sumter, August 17th 
and i8th, 1863 ; took part in operations against Savannah, in December, 1864. Sold 
at auction in New York, October 25th, 1865. 

"Miami," double-ender, 730 tons. Commissioned January 29th, 1862; took part 
in operations against Forts Jackson and St. Philip, April, 1862; actively employed 
in operations on Mississippi river in June and July, 1862; actively engaged with 
North Atlantic Blockading Squadron in 1863, at Plymouth, N. C, and in the 
Sounds of North Carolina, and engaged enemies' batteries in James river. Sold 
ati auction in Philadelphia, August loth, 1865. 

"Monongahela," sloop-of-war, 1378 tons. Commissioned January 15th, 1863; 
served with West Gulf and North Atlantic Squadrons; actively engaged with Ad- 
miral Farragut's fleet at passage of Port Hudson, March I4th-I5th and_ 20th, 1863; 
was Farragut's flagship from May 23d to June 22d, 1863; active operations against 
Port Hudson and Vicksburg, June 8th-23d, 1863; took part in Battle of Mobile 
Bay, August sth, 1864; rammed the Ram "Tennessee;" 1865, with West Gulf 
Squadron and undergoing repairs ; North Atlantic Squadron, 1866-67 ; carried by 
tidal wave on St. Croix Island, November i8th, 1867; repaired and placed in 
service again ; used as a training ship for midshipmen, and for several years as 
a storeship ; while serving as station ship at Guatanamo Bay, Cuba, this ship was 
totally destroyed by fire on the night of March 17th, 1908. 

"Pontiac," double-ender. Put in commission July 7th, 1864; cruised in search 
of Confederate Steamship "Florida;" took part in joint expedition in Broad river, 
S. C, November 29th, 1864, and in operations against Savannah, December, 1864- 
January, 1865. Sold October 15th, 1867. 

"Wyalusing," double-ender. Commissioned February 8th, 1864; took active 
part in action with Ram "Albemarle" and two steamers in Albemarle Sound, May 
5th, 1864, running into and taking one of the steamers, the "Bombshell ;" took part 
in bombardment and capture of Plymouth. N. C, October 30th, 1864; captured 
several blockade runners. Sold at Philadelphia, October 15th, 1867. 



a ship — the barque Achilles — with food to the value of $30,000 for the_ relief of 
the starving operatives of British mills. New York City sent the ship George 
Griswold with supplies to the same sufiferers. Soon afterward this ship was cap- 
tured by the privateer Georgia and bonded for $100,000. 



THE NAVAL HOSPITAL AND HOME 



f I ^ HE Naval Home and Hospital, maintained at Philadelphia by 
1 the United States Government, at Gray's Ferry avenue and 
J_ Bainbridge street, was established in 1826. It occupies ground 
once the homestead of a noted Tory of the Revolution, James 
Pemberton. For seven years, dating from 1838, the United States Naval 
Academy was located here. The property was paid for by an assessment 
of twenty cents per capita upon the sailors of the American Navy and 
Merchant Marine. The beautiful grounds include twenty-five acres. 
The main building, constructed in 1831, is of marble, three stories high 
and three hundred and eighty feet long. It is flanked by the Governor's 
and Surgeon's residences and a number of lesser structures. This at- 
tractive "snug harbor" was crowded throughout the Civil War with 
wounded, sick and retired officers and sailors from the war fleets of 
the National Navy. 

Fifty years after the opening of the Civil War veterans who fought 
under Farragut, Porter, Du Pont and other great Admirals of that 
period were still living at the Naval Home. The present average num- 
ber of occupied rooms in the Naval Home is eighty-six. 



THE REFRESHMENT SALOON MOVEMENT IN SOUTHWARK 




HEN, in the spring of 1861, the troops from New England, 
New York State and New Jersey began to move southward, 
the one available rail route brought them to Tacony or Camden, 
N. J., from which steamboats conveyed them to the foot of 
Washington avenue, Philadelphia, where trains of the Philadelphia, Wil- 
mington and Baltimore Railroad awaited them. From the beginning of 
this movement of hurrying soldiery, the patriotic families living in the 
vicinity of the navy yard offered refreshments to the extent of their 
limited abilities. The evident need of systematic handling of food and 
coffee led Barzilai S. Brown, a grocer and fruit dealer, to act as a me- 
dium of distribution, and this presently resulted in the lease of a small 
boat-shop owned by James Crim, upon Swanson street, below Wash- 
ington avenue, as a "free refreshment saloon for soldiers." This was 
at first referred to as "Brown's," being so called in letters written to their 
home newspapers by some grateful volunteers. The enterprise was or- 

206 



207 

ganized, however, upon May 27th, 1861, as the "Union Volunteer Re- 
freshment Saloon," and under that title was maintained until December 
I St, 1865. 

The Committee was composed of the following persons: 

Arad Barrows, Chairman; J. B. Wade, Secretary; B. S. Brown, Treasurer; 
J. T. Williams, Steward ; Dr. E. Ward, Surgeon ; Isaac B. Smith, Sr., Erasmus 
W. Cooper, John W. Hicks, George Flomerfelt, John Krider, Sr., Isaac B. Smith, 
Jr., Charles B. Grieves, James McGlathery, John B. Smith, D. L. Flanagan, 
Chris. Powell, Capt. W. S. Mason. Curtis Myers, Chas. M. Clampitt, Richard 
Sharp, James Carroll, Robert R. Corson, Samuel B. Fales, John T. Wilson, 
Charles N. Young, John Savery, L. M. J. Lemmens, Chas. H. Kingston, Mrs. 
Mary Grover, Mrs. Hannah P. Smith, Mrs. Priscilla Grover, Mrs. Margaret 
Boyer, Mrs. Eliza J. Smith, Mrs. Mary A. Cassedy, Mrs. EHzabeth Horton, 
Miss Annie B. Grover, Miss Mary D. Grover, Mrs. Helen B. Barrows, Mrs. 
Mary L. Field, Mrs. Annie A. Elkinton, Mrs. Martha V. R. Ward, Mrs. Eliza 
A. Helmbold, Mrs. Mary Green, Mrs. Emily Mason, Miss Martha B. Krider, 
Mrs. Mary Davis Wade, Miss Sarah L. Holland, Miss Amanda M. Lee, Miss 
Catharine Baily, Miss Annie L. Field, Mrs. Eleanor J. Lowry, Mrs. Sarah J. 
Flemington, Mrs. Kate B. Anderson, Mrs. Eliza G. Plummer, Mrs. Hannah F. 
Baily, Mrs. Mary Lee. 

Buildings were gradually added, as funds permitted, until full regi- 
ments were promptly provided with washing facilities and bountiful 
meals at the hands of the) hospitable men, women and maids of old 
Southwark. The meals usually served consisted of beef, ham, bread 
and butter, sweet and white potatoes, pickles, tea and coffee and some- 
times cake or pie. Seven barrels of coffee and 15,000 cooked rations 
were often made in one day. The hungry soldiers of well-filled regi- 
ments from the northeastern states had a way of swarming from the 
transfer boats at Washington street wharf at most inconvenient hours, 
but the good people of Southwark were always ready for them. The 
Second Maine Infantry, for instance, arrived at one o'clock upon the 
morning of May 31st, and found the hot cofifee, beef and bread all ready 
for them, much to their surprise and delight, as had the 8th and 9th 
New York Regiments and Garibaldi Legion, which had preceded them. 

Facilities were provided in the shape of writing paper and envelopes, 
enabling soldiers to write home. All letters were stamped, free of cost 
to the writers, and mailed by their entertainers. Some of these old 
envelopes bear the "frank" of Congressman Leonard Myers. The grati- 
tude of volunteers for the splendid treatment thus given them was ex- 
pressed in thousands of these hurried missives, many of which were 
printed in distant newspapers, and the fame of patriotic Philadelphia 
soon spread all over the East. In September, 1861, the needs of sick 
and wounded soldiers left by their commands, many of them being cared 
for in private homes, led to the establishment of a small hospital upon 
the east side of Swanson street, close to the north wall of the navy 
yard. This modest hospital was placed by the Committee in charge of 
Dr. Elias Ward. It contained, at first, but fifteen beds, and was the 



208 

first military hospital opened in the city. Later, more roomy quarters were 
occupied upon the opposite or west side of Swanson street. Dr. Ward 
continued at the post of duty throughout the war, and it was due to his 
efforts that this hospital, which ministered to thousands of sick and 
wounded soldiers, was recognized as a regular Government establishment. 
He was also actively interested with others in the purchase of a burial 
lot for such soldiers as died here and were not claimed by relatives. 

A "Soldiers' Guide," published by Robert R. Corson, State Military 
Agent, was distributed freely by the Committee of the Union Volunteer 
Refreshment Saloon. In contained local addresses of army officials of 
the several departments, places of interest, railroad stations and time- 
tables and similar information. 

Out upon Washington avenue, at the foot of a lofty flagstafif a small 
cannon was placed, covered when not in use, by a box embellished 
with patriotic devices. When a troop train left Jersey City a telegram 
was sent to the "Union" and the gun was fired to notify the house- 
wives, often busy at their own domestic cooking, to hurry to the big 
sheds and make ready. It was the business of the small boys, full of 
the ardor of the time, to watch up river for the coming of the boats. 
When they were seen, thronging with hungry men, every youngster 
rushed headlong up the tracks and the second gun was fired. This 
lusty little cannon was credited by contemporary newspapers with a 
remarkable record. Cast at the Springfield Armory, it went with the 
American Army to Mexico, was captured by the Mexicans at Vera 
Cruz, remounted at the ancient fortress of San Juan d'Ulloa, recap- 
tured from a Mexican gunboat, sent to Philadelphia, sunk upon the re- 
ceiving ship Union in the Delaware River, recovered and placed among 
the curios of the navy yard. When the war began it was used for the 
defence of the railroad bridge at Perryville, and was finally loaned to 
the Committee of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon. It was 
popularly dubbed, at this period of its service, "Fort Brown." It was 
the first, it is claimed, to thunder out the news of the surrender of Gen. 
Lee, upon the night of April 9th, 1865. It is now preserved among 
the priceless trophies of Capt. Philip R. Schuyler Post, No. 51, G. A. R., 
in this city. 



"Fort Brown " 




O ft 

J 01 

< 60 

cn o 
^ u 

w e 

w § 

w 
w 

H 

O 
> 

o 



209 

The first of the despatches from the approaching commands came 
upon the morning of May 27th, 1861, followed, in due time, by the 8th 
New York Volunteer Infantry, Col. Blencker's sturdy German command, 
and the next day, along with the 2d and 9th New Yorkers, the stunning 
Garibaldi Regiment came, eleven hundred strong, clad in their picturesque 
Italian uniforms. Close behind them were the heavy, grim regiments of 
Maine, contrasting with Col. Cameron's 79th New York Highlanders, 
more than a thousand of them, their kilted legs swinging to the drone of 
bag-pipes. Those were gloriously inspiring days down in old Southwark, 
and there was plenty of work in the old navy yard and outside among the 
soldiers to help in saving the nation. All through June and July the troops 
poured through the city, infantry, cavalry and artillery, hussars, zouaves 
and voltigeurs ; whole brigades of less showy but quite as resolute regi- 
ments in the plain blue of the citizen volunteers. In July the "Union" fed 
22,000 men, but that was light work compared with later records. The 
newspapers at first printed glowing columns in description of favorite 
regiments, but as time wore along the eye and mind tired of the con- 
stant pageant. Through the hot summer days and nights the men and 
women in the kitchens and dining sheds of the "Union," many of them 
of advanced age, assisted by their aides, worked unceasingly. At this 
time the three-months' regiments were returning, adding greatly to the 
almost daily demands upon the Committee and its workers. 

In the first eighteen months of its operation the "Union" supplied 
meals to two hundred and twenty- four regiments, having an average 
of nine hundred men each. 

In February, 1863, a large building was added to the "Union" es- 
tablishment, thus increasing the dining facilities and providing hospital 
space upon the second floor. The work and materials for this structure 
were nearly all contributed by a large number of business concerns 
and individuals. 

In the autumn of 1863 the captured Confederate Ram Atlanta 
was loaned to the Union Committee and exhibited to the public at the 
foot of Washington avenue, the admission charge adding greatly to the 
funds of the saloon.* 

It is not generally recorded in the many eulogies of the work per- 
formed at the "Union," that at various times its Committee sent cloth- 
ing, food and hospital supplies to soldiers in distant parts of the country. 
For instance, ten large packing boxes were filled and shipped to sick and 
wounded men at Rolla, Missouri, and supplies were forwarded to Anna- 

* The Ram Atlanta was converted into an ironclad from an English blockade 
runner named the Fingal. This work was done at Savannah at a reported cost of 
$1,500,000, the money, it was stated at the time, having been derived from the sale 
of jewelry by Southern ladies. The Atlanta was captured in fifteen minutes, with 
but five shots, by the U. S. Monitor Weehawken, in the Savannah River, upon June 
17th, 1863. This craft was afterward repaired at the navy yard and sent out in 
the following February as a war ship of the United States. 

14 



2IO 

polis, Maryland, for the relief of destitute and suffering soldiers ex- 
changed from Belle Isle, Richmond.* 

Religious services were usually held on Sunday afternoons at the 
refreshment saloons, being attended by large numbers of citizens and 
soldiers. Music was provided by regimental bands and by the choirs 
from downtown churches. 

Perhaps the most trying period of the war to citizens generally 
was that immediately preceding the battle of Gettysburg. Under the 
stress of great anxiety the ladies of the "Union" addressed the soldiers 
who had returned to their homes all over the East in the following words : 

"The ladies of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Committee, on many a 
wintry night, when they have waited to welcome, with kind words, the nation's 
defenders, and to serve food to revive their weary frames, have been repaid 
for their labor by the grateful thanks and 'God bless you!' of the noble patriots, 
and these soldiers have, without exception, exclaimed, 'If ever Philadelphia needs 
defenders she will find them in the men whom their kindness has succored!' 
Ever have the ladies replied, 'If the hour of danger ever threatens we will remem- 
ber your promise.' Soldiers, that hour has come. Shall they not find you to 
have forgotten? Shall they welcome you again to our city as the defenders of 
their homes and fire-sides, or shall they wait in vain?" 

One of the first of the regiments to whom this appeal was made to 
come to the defence was the famous New York "Seventh." With the 
retreat of Gen. Lee's shattered army from Pennsylvania soil after the 
battle of Gettysburg, the danger was soon forgotten in the care of the 
thousands of the wounded brought to the city from that scene of carnage. 

The "Cooper Shop." 

The Cooper Shop Volunteer Refreshment Saloon was established 
upon May 26th, 1861, its projectors having taken for the purpose build- 
ings upon Otsego street, south of Washington avenue, previously used 
as a cooperage by the firm of Cooper & Pearce. Emulating its neighbor, 
the "Union," its Committee was actively engaged from the date of its 
opening in the patriotic work of the time as it came, day by day, to their 
hands. The stirring scenes witnessed at the one saloon were equally 
experienced at the other. 

Those active in this enterprise were: 

William M. Cooper, H. W. Pearce, A. M. Simpson, W. R. S. Cooper, Jacob 
Plant, Walter R. Mellon, A. S. Simpson, C. V. Fort, William Morrison, Samuel 
W. Nickels, Philip Fitzpatrick, T. H. Rice, William M. Maull, R. H. Ransley, 
L. B. M. Dolby, William H. Dennis, L. W. Thornton, T. L. Coward, C. L. 
Wilson, R. G. Simpson, Isaac Plant, James Toomey, H. H. Webb, William Sprowle, 
Henry Dubosq, G. R. Birch, Christopher Jacoby, James Tosing, E. S. Cooper, 
Joseph Coward, J. T. Packer, Dr. A. Nebinger, R. Nebinger, Capt. A. H. Cain, 

*In 1862 much-prized certificates were given to children for picking lint. So 
great was the zeal of the boys and girls in the schools that the Secretary of 
the United States Sanitary Commission sent out word late in the year that 
no more lint could be accepted. 



211 

Capt. R. H. Hoffner, Joseph E. Sass, E. J. Herrity, Rev. Joseph Perry, Mrs. 
William M. Cooper, Mrs. Sarah Ewing, Mrs. Catharine Vansdale, Mrs. Susan 
Turner, Miss Catharine Alexander, Mrs. Grace Nickels, Mrs. Elizabeth Vansdale, 
Mrs. Jane Coward, Mrs. Sarah Mellon, Mrs. Mary Plant, Mrs. Capt. Thos. 
Watson, Mrs. E. Deaney, Mrs. M. Haines, Miss C. T. Cooper, Miss E. Whetstone, 
Mrs. Louise P. Turnbull. 

The Cooper Shop Hospital was in charge of Dr. Andrew Nebinger, 
who with his volunteer staff continued in service throughout the war, 
ministering to the thousands of sick and wounded brought here in that 
trying period. 

From the funds available the Committee purchased a burial lot 
at Mt. Moriah Cemetery. In its report of May loth, 1864, are found 
the names of a General Committee of citizens, which includes many 
patriotic persons not specified in the above list of the managers. 

The two saloons were in constant receipt of large quantities of sup- 
plies, coming not only from merchants and other individuals but from 
special relief organizations formed for the purpose in the surrounding 
counties of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. In the later years of the 
war successful fairs were held in the refreshment buildings in order 
to raise money. 

Among those who came hungry and departed satisfied were 15,000 
Southern refugees and freedmen and not a few Confederate prisoners. 

There is a touch of grim humor in an announcement printed in the 
"Fair Record" issued by the managers of the "Union" in which the 
public is informed that visitors to the fair (then in progress) would 
see some of the large numbers of Confederates from Vicksburg, then 
being guarded through the city en route to Fort Delaware. These un- 
fortunates were, however, well fed upon reaching the ever-bountiful 
refreshment saloons. 

Among the great and constant inflow of contributed supplies for 
the refreshment saloons were large numbers of Bibles, prayer books 
and tracts from the Presbyterian Board of Publication and daily papers 
from the several newspaper offices of the city. 

Near the close of the war Messrs. William Welsh, Frederick Fraley 
and J. G. Rosengarten constituted the active committee of an organiza- 
tion entitled "An Association to Procure Employment for Rebel De- 
serters who have taken the Oath of Allegiance to the United States." 
For this purpose the sum of $2,875.00 was raised. 

Green meal tickets to be presented at the Union Volunteer Refresh- 
ment Saloon were issued to many of these refugees, but the larger part 
of the fund was finally turned over to the latter institution. 

There was rivalry between the two refreshment saloons, but it 
was the kindly competition of devoted men and women actuated by the 
highest of motives. The stories of the two are inseparable. Neither 
sought nor had Government, State or City aid ; each had its hospital 
annex ; each endured to the end of the war. The money outlay of 



212 

the "Union" amounted to about $100,000, and that of the "Cooper Shop" 
was about $70,000. The "Union" fed nearly 900,000 soldiers; the 
"Cooper Shop" provided meals for 400,000 men. Not less than 20,000 
soldiers were cared for in the two hospitals. 

Of the ladies who served faithfully several died during the war, 
and others never recovered from the exhaustion incident to the work. 

With impressive ceremonies at the Academy of Music the two 
refreshment saloons were closed upon August 28th, 1865, but it is stated 
by Mr. Samuel B. Fales that the latter institution was reopened and 
supplied meals to some 30,000 more returning soldiers before finally 
ending its splendid work upon the following ist of December. 

Thirty-five years after the close of the war, during the memorable 
33d Annual National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
in Philadelphia, thirty survivors of the Refreshment Saloon workers 
were the honored guests of the Executive Committee. But few of them 
now remain to rehearse the oft-told story of how Philadelphia fed the 
soldiers of the Union. 

A Soldier Boy's Letter. 

Washington, June i, 186^. 

"Dear Parents : — I will endeavor to give you a faint description 
of our reception in Philadelphia, but I know that my pen cannot half 
do justice to the subject, but I do know that the remembrance of it 
will live in the hearts of our brave artillery boys as long as they are 
able to train a gun or draw a sword in the defence of their country. 
As soon as we reached the city we marched to the dining saloon, 
about ten or fifteen rods from the ferry. As soon as we got there we 
entered the wash-room, a room large enough to accommodate sixty or 
seventy men to wash at a time. Then we were marched into a splendid 
hall, with room enough to feed five hundred men at a time. There 
were gentlemen to wait on us, and they would come around and ask 
if we had plenty and urge us to eat more. We had nice white bread, 
beautiful butter, cold boiled ham, cheese, coffee, with plenty of milk 
and sugar. After we had eaten our fill, which was considerable, for 
we had eaten nothing since morning, we returned to the streets. Our 
knapsacks on the sidewalk were left without a guard, but they were 
almost covered with little children who were watching to see that no 
one disturbed them. One little fellow found a tin canister and he was 
hunting around from rank to rank until he found the owner. We were 
allowed a little time to rest, during which little girls in white went 
all around through the ranks giving the men flowers and saying kind 
things to them. It seemed that the people could not do us enough 
honor. One little girl, about ten years old, came up to me and gave me 
a half-blown rose, and stayed and talked with me until we started, 



213 

and then she put her little face up for a kiss with as much confidence 
as she would to a brother. I never saw so many handsome girls in my 
life. We had nearly a mile and a half to march, and of all the sights 
I ever saw, that march beats them all. The sidewalk on each side was 
lined with old men and matrons, young men and maidens, girls and 
boys, and every one was trying to see who could shake the most soldiers 
by the hand. It was the very best class of people who were out to meet 
us. In some places the streets were completely blocked with them. It 
was like so many people bidding good-bye to their own sons and brothers, 
Anyone who thinks there is any lack of support for the war has only 
to march through Philadelphia. 

(Signed) FOSTER, 

Company B." 



THE COOPER SHOP SOLDIERS HOME AND THE SOLDIERS 
HOME IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA 



T 



^ j "^ HROUGHOUT the war Philadelphia was constantly thronged 
with soldiers who had been discharged from the army, many 
of them destitute and helpless. This condition became more 
serious as the struggle of the Union was prolonged. Soldiers 
from other States were often the victims of robbery and violence. It was 
to remedy, in some degree, this evil that the Cooper Shop Volunteer Re- 
freshment Committee established a retreat at Race and Crown streets, 
called the "Cooper Shop Soldiers Home." This was opened upon Decem- 
ber 22d, 1863. The buildings occupied had formerly been used as a Gov- 
ernment hospital, and were the property of the city. The principal 
structure was the old Pennington residence. The beneficiaries of this 
home were "soldiers and sailors who had been honorably discharged." 
This is said to have been the first institution of its kind established in 
the United States. 

Board of Officers. 

President, Dr. Ellerslie Wallace; Vice-President, Wm. M. Cooper; Treasurer, 
Wm. Struthers; Secretaries, E. S. Hall and George R. Birch. 

Managers — Robert P. King, Dr. Andrew Nebinger, H. W. Pearce, H. R. 
Warriner, Thos. H. Rice, Caleb Cope, John F. Lewis, Philip Fitzpatrick, William 
M. MauU, R. H. Ransley. 

*This boyish message home was written by Foster Dealing, of the loth 
New York Heavy Artillery. It was printed in the Jefferson County News (N. Y.), 
in June, 1863. The writer was living when this book was published. 



214 

Lady Managers — Mrs. M. C. Grier, President; Miss Anna M. Ross,* Vice- 
President ; Mrs. Wm. Struthers, Mrs. J. Horner, Mrs. R. P. King, Mrs. C. Gibbons, 
Mrs. J. W. Paul, Mrs. H. Brooks, Mrs. T. H. Powers, Mrs. E. A. Souder, 
Mrs. W. S. Boyd, Mrs. W. D. Bispham, Mrs. J. Floyd, M^s. D. Haddock, Mrs. 
H. Davids, Mrs. Dr. Wallace, Mrs. J. Eckel, Mrs. C. S. Rutter, Mrs. E. S. 
Hall, Mrs. Dr. Knorr, Mrs. B. H. Moore, Mrs. Dr. Spooner, Mrs. T. Budd, 
Mrs. W. Gillespie, Miss E. Emslie. 

"The Soldiers Home in the City of Philadelphia" was incorporated 
upon April 9th, 1864. This charter resulted in the merger of two "Sol- 
diers' Home" movements. 

In furtherance of the purpose by the incorporators to establish the 
"Home" upon a permanent basis, a great fair was held at the Academy 
of Music, opening October 23d, 1865. This resulted in a profit of 
$107,166.00. Many public and private donations considerably increased 
this amount. 

In the spring of 1866 the managers secured from the Legislature 
the large new State Arsenal building at the southeast corner of Sixteenth 
and Filbert streets for their purposes. This structure had been used 
by the Government as a convalescents' hospital. It was three floors 
high and built of pressed brick. In 1866 the soldier occupants num- 
bered an average of about two hundred. A school for the instruction 
of maimed inmates in avocational education and a hospital were the lead- 
ing features, t 

The Soldiers Home continued at this site until June nth, 1872. 
Following the closing of the Soldiers Home the Board of Managers 
turned its attention to the care of soldiers' sons. A house at 3947 Market 
street was taken for this purpose. Upon December 22d, 1873, this es- 
tablishment was closed and the thirty-five inmates were transferred to the 
Educational Home for Boys, together with the sum of $36,000 for their 
maintenance and education covering a period of ten years, the beneficiaries 
being placed in care of the Lincoln Institution upon arriving at the age 
of twelve years. A number of girls were also provided for through 
an arrangement with the West Philadelphia Home, at Forty-first and 
Baring streets. Upon May 12th, 1884, the managers of the Soldiers 
Home dedicated a Soldiers Monument at Mount Moriah Cemetery, upon 
the lot owned by the Association, which contains the graves of sixty 
soldiers. The corporation was finally dissolved in 1886. The funds 

*The death of the devoted worker for the creation of this Home, Miss 
Anna M. Ross, due to her unremitting efforts at the Refreshment Saloon, is 
still a sad memory with the few survivors among her associates. Post 94, 
G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania, bears the name of this martyr to duty, 
and a city park in the Forty-third Ward also perpetuates her memory. Her grave 
is in Monument Cemetery. 

fAmong the humbler occupations adopted by the returned soldiers after the 
close of the war was that of messengers. The men employed by the "Soldiers' 
City Messenger Company" wore red military caps. The charge was one cent per 
block. 



2IS 

and burial lot were transferred to the Pennsylvania Commandery of the 
Loyal Legion July 2d, 1889. 

Soldiers Home, Southeast Corner Sixteenth and Filbert Streets. 

Board of Officers. 

President — Ellerslie Wallace, M. D. ;* Vice-President — Andrew Nebinger, 
M. D. ; Recording Secretary and Treasurer — ^E. S. Hall ; Corresponding Secretary — 
H. R. Warriner. 

Managers — Wm. Struthers, Robert P. King, John R. Baker, James C. Hand, 
Daniel Haddock, Jr., Jas. G. Hardie, H. C. Howell, George Trott, A. H. 
Franciscus, C. L. Desauque, W. H. Kern, E. C. Knight, R. H. Ransley, E. A. 
Souder, S. S. White, Charles J. Stille, Henry D. Moore, E. Tracy, Jos. Jeanes, 
Robert M. Lewis. 

Surgeon — J. A. McArthur, M. D. ; Assistant Surgeon — Walter W. Wilson ; 
Steward — Capt. S. V. Odekirk; Matron — Mrs. Catharine Sprigman. 

Board of Lady Visitors. 
President — Mrs. Daniel Haddock, Jr.; Vice-President — Mrs. Robert P. King; 
Treasurer — Mrs. James C. Hand; Recording Secretary — Mrs. H. C. Townsend; 
Corresponding Secretary — Miss E. P. Eakin; Mrs. Jno. Carrow, Mrs. M. M. 
Hallowell, Mrs. R. G. Chase, Mrs. R. R. Corson, Mrs. W. Allison, Mrs. T. 
McCaulay, Miss E. Elmslie, Miss M. Hardie, Miss R. Wetherill, Mrs. Jas. G. 
Hardie, Mrs. Chas. S. Ogden, Mrs. EHiston Perot, Mrs. S. P. Godwin, Mrs. 
J. Haseltine, Mrs. T. M. Perot, Mrs. E. S. Field, Mrs. A. E. Jones, Mrs. 
M. Kelley, Miss A. M. Peters. 




BEFORE lANTIETAM 



WITH the departure of the new regiments, which had been in 
camp at the beginning of September, 1862, the city lost much 
of its martial stir, but recruiting, in order to fill the quota, 
continued active. Several regiments were still in a formative 
condition. On September 8th twenty-four large Sibley tents were placed 
in Independence Square, extending from the rear entrance of the sacred 
"Cradle of Liberty" along either side of the walk to Walnut street. That 

*From Report of the Managers, Soldiers' Home, Sixteenth and Filbert 
streets, Philadelphia, 1867. P. (3). 



2l6 

evening the scene presented was one never to be forgotten. Myriad 
lights were festooned from the beautiful old trees and among the tents. 
Birgfeld's famous band rendered inspiring patriotic music, but far louder 
was the roar of the drums calling for recruits. Crowds surged through 
this exciting, tumultuous "Midway of War" and in every tent officers 
were busy writing down the names of volunteers. Old men and young, 
inspired by the impending need of defence, hurried to enroll. Within 
three days 295 recruits were enlisted at this Camp Independence, 251 
of them going to regiments already in the field. Never since the read- 
ing of the "Declaration" had these hallowed acres witnessed such a 
wonderful scene. 

From day to day the crowds hung about the bulletin boards. From 
the fields of Cedar Mountain, Kelly's Ford, Bristoe, the second Bull Run 
and Chantilly the guns of the determined enemy were roaring north- 
ward, McClellan's brigades disputing the pathway, but in vain. On the 
nth of September Governor Curtin telegraphed to Mayor Henry: "Stir 
up your population to-night, form them into companies, send us 20,000 
to-morrow."* The call of the War Mayor of Philadelphia was instant. 
He summoned the whole citizenship to rally at the precincts of the 
twenty-five wards, and act for the defence of the State and city. The 
editorials of morning papers added to the overwhelming excitement. The 
1 2th brought a furious drenching storm, but everywhere were little 
groups of those who had responded, ready and willing, but lacking in 
leadership. It was stated that comparatively few of those thus gathered 
actually left the city. In the workshops better progress was made. At 
Baldwin's, the alarm bell rang at nine o'clock A. M., and within an hour 
two companies were marching to Independence Hall, the men carrying 
their dinner pails. At the Whitney Car Works, at the establishments 
of Bement & Dougherty, Mallack & Co., Furbish & Gates and Moore & 
Co. companies were quickly gathered. A fully equipped company re- 
ported from the works of William fellers & Co. Employers generally 
agreed to continue the wages of their men during their absence in the 
field. 

Companies and squads gathered, from the outlying districts and 
from the centers of banking, around the depot of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Company, some in uniforms and some in overalls, some armed and 
others empty-handed, some sworn to service in due form, but others 
free of this formality, and so the trains were filled and sent speeding 
to help the Government in the saving of the capital city, and while this 
outpouring still progressed and the city sat sleepless, the bulletins pro- 
claimed the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. Records showed 
that in seventeen months the old local militia had furnished more than 
2,000 men, enlisted for three years, and nearly 400 officers. A new 

*An enrollment of the City of Philadelphia made on September 14th, 1862, 
showed a total of 106,806 persons liable to military duty, including 29,194 already 
in the army service and 1,744 sailors and marines. Scharfif and Westcott, Vol. i. 




OFFICES OF JAY COOKE & CO., adjoining the Girard Bank. 




UNITED STATES MINT. 





I. THE NEW POST OFFICE. 2. BANK OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Both used as barracks and headquarters of the Provost. 



217 

militia had been created, and this body stood ready to respond at any 
time to the call of the Governor of the Commonwealth, for service 
within the State or beyond the borders. The authority of the Governor 
to call upon these troops was based upon the following provisions of the 
State military law: 

"Section i. — The militia of this Commonwealth may be called into service by 
the Governor thereof in case of a rebellion or an actual or threatened invasion of 
this or any neighboring State, but no part thereof shall be detained in service at any 
time longer than three months, under the mere requisition of the Governor, with- 
out the direction of the President of the United States. 

"Section 2. — Whenever any part of the militia of the Commonwealth shall 
be required for the public service by the President of the United States, if no 
particular description of troops shall have been required, the Governor shall 
detach the number of men demanded in such proportions of the several descrip- 
tions as he may think proper." 

Major-Gen, A. J. Pleasonton telegraphed to Governor Curtin, in 
response to his urgent call for troops to defend the State borders, offer- 
ing 5,000 men of the Home Guard organization. Considerable con- 
fusion resulted from the announcement from Harrisburg that troops 
would be accepted by companies only, these to be formed into regiments 
and brigades after reporting at the State Capital. 

Through the active efforts of the Committee on City Defence 23 
companies, numbering nearly 2,000 men, were sent to Harrisburg within 
forty-eight hours, and within seventy-two hours 4,000 men had been 
sent. The ist Regiment (Gray Reserves) and 2d Regiment (Blue Re- 
serves) reached Harrisburg on the 15th and were sent on to Chambers- 
burg. The hastily formed companies, largely composed of working men, 
were furnished with overcoats and other items of equipment from the 
supply in the hands of the Committee of Defence. 

From the nearly two hundred and fifty companies gathered at Har- 
risburg from every part of the State a number of provisional regiments 
were hastily formed. The Gray Reserves became the "7th Regiment;" 
the second Blue Reserves became the "8th Regiment," the Philadelphia 
companies of Captains Birney, Anderson, Binder, Price, Kemouth, Lever- 
ing, Johns, Keen, Corrie, Horn and Heisler were formed as the "9th 
Regiment." Those of Captains Smith, James, Marshall, Hartranft, 
Steele and Taylor became part of the "20th Regiment." The companies 
of Captains Rockafellow, Flynn, Murphy and Claghorn were attached 
to the "21st Regiment." As rapidly as these organizations were perfected 
the troops were pushed southward to, and in many cases beyond, the 
southern boundary of the State.* A large number of companies were yet 
to be grouped into regiments when the occasion for their services 
passed, and within a few days nearly all of the militia organizations and 
emergency volunteers were returned to their homes. The number of 

*In a subsequent report Governor Curtin estimated that he had 15,000 men at 
Harrisburg and Boonsboro, 10,000 at Greencastle and 25,000 more on the way. 



2l8 

men who went from Philadelphia to Harrisburg in response to the call 
of the Governor was placed by the newspapers at 6,197. To this enumer- 
ation should be added the 3d Regiment, Reserve Corps (militia) under 
Col. C. M. Eakin (five companies), which had been sent to Camp Brandy- 
wine, DuPont powder works, Delaware. This brief, but instructive, ex- 
perience illustrated the inadequacy of the military machinery of the State. 
It also stirred up the city fathers. On September 12th, despite the pro- 
tests of an opposition element, Councils had conferred upon the Mayor 
extraordinary powers and had voted the sum of $500,000 for the further 
equipment of local soldiery. Companies were then forming in all sections 
of the city, but these were not called upon for service at that time.* 



PHILADELPHIA TROOPS, PENNSYLVANIA EMERGENCY 
MILITIA OF 1862 



SEVENTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 

Coi<ONEL Napoleon B. Kneass. 

1,100 Officers and Men. 

Formed September 12th— 15th, 1862, from the ist Regiment, Reserve Bri- 
gade, First Division, Pennsylvania Militia, ist Regiment (Gray Reserves.) Dis- 
charged September 26th, 1862. (Company L was a Light Battery commanded 
by Captain Isaac Starr, Jr.)t 

EIGHTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
Colonel Alfred Day. 
800 Officers and Men. 

Formed September 12th, 1862, from the 4th Regiment, Reserve Brigade, 
First Division, Philadelphia Militia. (Second Blue Reserves.) Discharged Sep- 
tember 26th, 1862. 

NINTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
Colonel John Newkumet. 
650 Officers and Men. 
Organized September 12th, 1862. Discharged September 26th, 1862. 



*0n September 25th, 1912, a semi-centennial celebration was held at Altoona, 
Pa., to commemorate the conference there of the War Governors of the loyal 
States, upon invitation of Governor Andrew G. Curtin, for the purpose of sus- 
taining President Lincoln with money and troops. 

tStarr's Battery was recruited upon the old "Union Artillery." It became 
Frishmuth's Battery in 1863. 



219 

TWENTIETH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 

Colonel William B. Thomas. 

650 Officers and Men. 

Formed the 3d Regiment, Home Guard Brigade, September 18th, 1862. 
Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, F and K. Discharged September 27th-30th, 
1862.* 

TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 

Colonel Alexander Murphy. 

400 Officers and Men. 

Philadelphia Companies, A, B, C, F and G, formed September 12th to 15th, 
1862. Company A was formed by the Washington Grays. Discharged Septem- 
ber 24th to 30th, 1862. 

TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
Colonel Constant M. Eakin. 
300 Officers and Men. 

Formed from the 2nd Regiment, Reserve Brigade, First Division, Pennsylvania 
Militia (First Blue Reserves), September 15th, 1862. On duty at the DuPont 
Powder Works, Wilmington, Del. Discharged September 30th to October ist, 
1862. 

BATTALION, INFANTRY. 

Major Jeremiah W. Fritz. 

Formed from the 2nd Regiment, Reserve Brigade, First Division, Pennsylvania 
Militia (First Regiment Blue Reserves), September nth, 1862. Discharged Sep- 
tember 22d, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT BATTALION, BALDWIN LIGHT INFANTRY. 
Company A, Captain Robert S. Patton. 
Company B, Captain Charles Stuart. 
Company C, Captain Oliver B. Wilson. 
Organized September 12th, 1862. Discharged September 22d, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY, INFANTRY. 
Captain Aquila Haines. 
50 Officers and Men. 
Organized September nth, 1862. Discharged September 22d, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY, INFANTRY. 
Captain John L. Wilson. 
70 Officers and Men. 
Organized September 15th, 1862. Discharged September 23d, 1862. 

*In a collision upon the Cumberland Valley Railroad the 20th Regiment lost 
four men killed and thirty injured. 



220 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY, LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain Archibald McI. Robertson. 
go Officers and Men. 

Formed from Company B, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade, 
September nth, 1862. Discharged September 25th, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain E. Spencer MilIvEr. 
85 Officers and Men. 

Formed from Company D, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade, 
September 13th, 1862. Discharged September 24th, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY, LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain Henry D. Landis. 

100 Officers and Men. 

Formed from Company A, ist Regiment Artillery, Home Guard Brigade, 
September iSth, 1862. Discharged September 26th, 1862. 



THE CIVIL WAR FINANCED IN PHILADELPHIA 



^ROM the days of the American Revolution, when Robert Morris 
gave his private means and the prestige of his business reputation 
to Washington, our wars have been financed in Philadelphia. The 
money to pay the cost of the War of 1812-14 was largely raised by 
Stephen Girard, and that for the War with Mexico was gathered together 
by E. W. Clark & Co. 

When the long-feared Civil War became a reality the National debt 
(April, 1861) amounted to about $64,000,000. At its close (August 
31st, 1865) it had reached the enormous sum of $2,846,021,742.04, the 
Nation's creditors being, chiefly, the millions of patriotic citizens, rich and 
poor alike, who held the Federal bonds, the greater portion of which 
had been sold to them by the house of Jay Cooke & Co. This establish- 
ment had been formed January ist, 1861, by the partnership of Jay 
Cooke and his brother-in-law, William G. Moorhead, and occupied modest 
quarters upon the west side of Third Street, adjoining, upon the north, 
the dignified Girard Bank. 

Jay Cooke, born of New England parents, was a native of Sandusky, 
Ohio, and came to Philadelphia in his seventeenth year upon the promise 
of Mr. Moorhead of a clerkship in the ofiice of the Washington Packet 
Company, of which Mr. Moorhead was an officer. A year later young 



221 

Cooke entered the service of the bankers E. V/. Clark & Co. eventually 
becoming a junior partner. 

When the financiers of the North were called upon to support the 
Government in its costly task of the National salvation, Jay Cooke & 
Co. were hardly known, even locally, but Mr. Cooke, perhaps bearing 
in mind the experience gained under E. W. Clark & Co. in war finance, 
greatly desired to obtain some part of the Government's patronage. 
In this the young firm was somewhat aided through the friendly rela- 
tions of his brother Henry, an Ohio journalist, with the family of the 
Secretary of the Treasury Chase. 

At that period the banking capital of Philadelphia was $11,000,000, 
of Boston $30,000,000 and of New York $66,000,000. Of the first 
national bond issue amounting to $50,000,000 but $5,000,000 was allotted 
to the Philadelphia banks, and of this sum Jay Cooke & Co. got but 
$300,000. This relatively small portion was promptly sold and accounted 
for. The dominant attitude of the New York financiers was, at that 
time, that of a group of hard-headed magnates bent upon getting all 
possible out of a severely-pressed applicant for money. When the issue 
was disposed of the bankers met the President and his Cabinet at a 
dinner in Washington and the New York coterie told them plainly 
that the Government must get along with the sum thus realized as 
more help could not be promised. The attitude of the Philadelphia 
bankers was more patriotic. At Washington and in Philadelphia Secre- 
tary Chase frequently conferred with Mr. Cooke and recognized in 
him a sound and capable ally. Later, in the course of the war, when 
offered the position of Assistant Secretary of War, Mr. Cooke wisely 
decided to stand by his business and push the sale of the bonds.* 

News of the defeat of the Union army at Bull Run reached the city 
upon the arrival from the front of an Inquirer correspondent upon the 
morning of July 22d, 1861. The excitement and dismay pervading the 
community, as the story spread, were beyond description. Upon his 
own initiative Jay Cooke carried a subscription paper around the financial 
district and, before night had secured the pledges of thirty banks, insur- 
ance companies, firms and individuals, offering a loan of $1,737,500.00 to 
the Government for sixty days at the rate of six per cent interest. 

Upon May 15th, 1861, the Pennsylvania Legislature voted the sum 
of $3,000,000 for the purpose of equipping the regiments of the State 
Reserve Corps then forming. Cooke & Co. sold these bonds at par, a 
feat which further attracted the notice of Secretary Chase, who appointed 
the firm, upon September 4th, 1861, financial agents for the Government. 
Upon the following day the bonds were placed upon sale and the office 
of Cooke & Co. was thronged with crowds of large and small investers, 
who in a short time absorbed one-fourth of the entire issue. 

*From April 15th to May 31st, 1861, the subscriptions to military funds by 
citizens of the loyal States averaged $1,000,000 per diem. 



222 

Jay Cooke personally became subscription agent for the National 
loan upon March 7th, 1862, this at once giving a vastly enlarged field 
for the exercise of his remarkable talent and industry. A bond of 
$1,000,000 was required by the United States Treasurer and this w^as, 
with some difficulty, furnished. In 1861 the masses were relatively poor, 
the per capita share of the entire money circulation of the country was 
but $14.00. Gold and silver was becoming scarce, the country was 
flooded with counterfeits of State bank currency. Every business man 
kept a "detector" at hand and constantly studied its pages. Retail 
trade, in fact every use for small change, was carried along with "shin 
plasters" ranging, in face value, from two to fifty cents. These were 
issued by all sorts of corporations without restraint.* A limited supply 
of badly worn Spanish coins dubbed "fips" and "levies" eked out the 
public need. In the latter part of 1862 postage stamps and street-car 
tickets were used as currency.! Specie payments were suspended upon 
Monday, December 30th, 1861, but the Government waited thirteen 
months longer before providing fractional paper currency, of which a 
total of $50,000,000 was printed, and this form of exchange was in 
common use until 1879. Under such conditions the selling of Govern- 
ment or any other securities was made doubly difficult. At the beginning 
of 1863 the Government owed the army $60,000,000. When Secretary 
Chase finally decided to place the whole task of keeping the war chest 
filled upon the broad shoulders of Jay Cooke, the latter lost no time in 
perfecting an organization. He created a staff of nine managers of 
States, placed chiefly in the Middle West; he appointed fifteen hundred 
agents, kept under supervision by a small army of traveling corres- 
pondents. He began a campaign of advertising marvelous in its scope 
and originality. In this department he enlisted the abilities of a group 
of then widely-known journalists, including Samuel Wilkeson, of the 
New York Tribune ; C. C. Norvell, of the New York Times, and John 
Russell Young. His plan of advertising was all-pervading. It included 
not only the large and constant use of display announcements, but 
editorial and general reading columns. He bought space in not only 
the daily papers but in weeklies, class and foreign publications. He 
reached every farm-house in the loyal States through their home papers. 
He bought the help, if not the good- will of the hostile Democratic 
journals. All over the West, especially, the name of "Cooke" was used 
to conjure hoards of savings from the traditional old stockings. In 
New York and New England the bankers accounted for sales through 
the Philadelphia office or that established by the Cooke's in Washington. 

*In 1862 the City of Wilmington, Del., issued fractional currency in denomina- 
tions of from five to fifty cents, and the act was pronounced legal. 

tin the latter part of July, 1862, the public bought postage stamps in such 
quantities, for currency purposes, that the Government prohibited their sale ex- 
cepting for mailing purposes. Soon afterward the situation was relieved by the 
appearance of the fractional currency, quickly dubbed "shin plasters," 



223 

The year 1863 was witness of a great and distressing time of 
speculative disturbance. Upon February ist, 1863, gold had advanced 
to 160 and a month later to 172. Every time that the bonds of the 
Nation, bearing the promise of payment with interest in gold, were 
raided by the bears, Jay Cooke was there with the money to buy them, 
as fast as offered, at par. At the Philadelphia office thirty clerks were 
busy, night and day, over the immense details of this wonderful bus- 
iness. Cooke & Co. had opened night offices for the accommodation of 
the working classes, and when the Government began to send along 
the first "2040's" of the $500,000,000 loan they were sold faster than 
the Register of the Treasury could sign them. At this time money was 
coming in at the rate of a million and a half dollars per diem. Code 
telegrams, reporting sales, fluttered down upon Mr. Cooke's desk like 
a never-ceasing snow-storm. 

As the war developed and the certainty of the Confederate failure 
might be safely forecast, the desire of the fighting North to "see Lincoln 
through the job" made it easier work for the money agencies to collect 
and deliver the funds which were being so lavishly expended upon the 
armies and the navy. The murder of the President intensified this 
all-pervading wish to help. In four days of the week following the 
tragedy, Cooke & Co's. sales were nearly $25,000,000, and in one hundred 
and forty days ending July 28th, 1865, the house had sold securities 
upon behalf of the Government to the face value of $700,000,000.* 

Mr. Cooke's biographer places the total of the business done for 
the Government by Jay Cooke & Co., in the course of four years, at a 
billion and a half dollars. The gross commissions for the sales of all 
but the earliest bond issue was a quarter of one per cent. Mr. Cooke 
stated, in a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the end of the war, 
that his firm had realized, after deducting all expenses, a profit of 
$220,054.49, this being about one-sixteenth of one per cent. 

Throughout the war the officials of the Treasury Department and 
the President not less, sought constantly the advice of this tireless Phila- 
delphia banker. A Confederate officer is quoted by Mr. Cooke's pains- 
taking biographer with the remark, "The Yankees did not whip us in 
the field. We were whipped by the United States Treasury Department." 
To the limited extent that this may be true, large credit belongs to the 
Philadelphia banker who found the "sinews of war" as they were needed. 

The subsequent career of the great financier of the war for the 
Union, though clouded with bitter defeat in his efforts to promote the 
Northern Pacific Railway, ended, as such a life should, in triumph. 

♦Commenting upon the impending resignation of Secretary Chase, the Phila- 
delphia Inquirer of July ist, 1864, said that when he assumed the duties of 
Secretary of the Treasury he found that the Government was able to raise 
but a limited amount of money, for much of which 12 per cent, interest was paid. 
Up to that date he had raised $1,700,000,000, all of which was subscribed by the 
people of the loyal States at a cost of 4 i /lo per cent, interest. 



THE MILITARY HOSPITALS AT PHILADELPHIA 

Under Charge of the Medical Department, 
Military Post of Philadelphia, i86i to 1865. 

Medical Inspector — Lieut.-Col. John L. Le Conte, U. S. A., 1103 Girard street. 

Medical Director — John Campbell, Surgeon, U. S. A. 

Assistant Surgeon — Wm. P. Grier, U. S. A., 1103 Girard street. 

Medical Purveyor — Robert Murray, Surgeon, U. S. A., 5 and 7 N. Fifth street. 

Inspector of Hospitals — J. Letterman, Surgeon, U. S. A. 

U. S. Laboratory — A. K. Smith, Surgeon, U. S. A., Sixth and Master streets. 

Medical Director of Transportation — R. S. Kenderdine, Surgeon, U. S. V. Citizen's 

Vol. Hospital, Broad and Prime streets. 
OfUce for Sick and Wounded Officers — 1103 Girard street. 
Post Surgeon— Dr. John Neill, U. S. V. 
State Military Agent — Robert R. Corson, 133 Walnut street. 



PENNSYLVANIA was one of four of the loyal States among 
whose soldiers of the Civil War the fatalities from battle exceeded 
those caused by disease. The Pennsylvania troops lost from 
battle casualties 56 per cent, and from disease 44 per cent, of all 
deaths during the war. 

In the course of the first year of the war, before the hospital 
service became efficient, the general mortality in the army was 17.2 
per cent, from battle casualties and 50.4 per cent, from disease per 1,000 
troops. In the Atlantic Division, Army Medical Department, the mor- 
tality from disease was 33.40 per cent, and in the Central Division 
82.19 per cent, per 1,000 troops. 

The percentage of deaths from sickness relative to total enlistments 
was lower in Pennsylvania than in any other of the Northern States. 
This fact was largely due to the geographical position of Philadelphia, 
which enabled the State to employ transports to bring the wounded 
men of Pennsylvania regiments from tidewater Virginia and by rail from 
inland points to the military hospitals at this point, and the fine record 
made here as a result of the patriotic labor of physicians and nurses in 
the first year of the war. A State military agency located at Washington 
assisted in caring for the sick and wounded of the Pennsylvania regi- 
ments.* The Government decided to create several great army hospital 
establishments at Philadelphia for the reception of sick and wounded 
soldiers and sailors without relation to statehood. Indeed, the first 
modest hospital opened in the city, that conducted by the Union Vol- 
unteer Soldiers Refreshment Saloon Committee, was intended to care 



*The interests of the Pennsylvania soldiers in hospitals were in charge of 
Assistant Surgeon-General Alfred W. Green, of Philadelphia, stationed at Wash- 
ington. 

224 




a o 



O .S 



225 

for the sick and wounded men of regiments from other States passing 
through the city. These hospitals, the majority being located in old 
buildings adapted to the purpose, numbered twenty-four.* After the 
West Philadelphia Hospital was opened, in June, 1862, several of 
the smaller hospitals were closed, and in January, 1863, upon the com- 
pletion of the still larger Mower or Chestnut Hill Hospital, the number 
was further reduced. In April, 1864, the official list contained but thir- 
teen. In addition, there were several hospitals for soldiers maintained 
by citizens, and both the Pennsylvania and St. Joseph's Hospitals cared 
for large numbers at different periods of the war. 

The earlier Government hospitals in the city in operation prior to 
March ist, 1862, were located at Broad and Cherry streets. Twenty- 
fourth and Cherry streets, Ninth and Christian streets. Twenty-second 
and Wood streets and Fifth and Buttonwood streets. 

By Act of the Legislature, date of February 28th, 1862, Surgeon 
Gen. H. H. Smith was directed to send a hospital ship to bring sick and 
wounded men from the scene of war, and it became expedient to do 
so_^a few weeks later. The steamer "W. Whilldin" was chartered and 
proceeded to Yorktown, Va. It carried Surgeons David Gilbert, R. P. 
Thomas, C. S. Bishop, R. J. Levis, D. S. Glenninger, H. L. Hodge, J. 
McBride, J. W. S. Norris, G. W. Nebinger and W. P. Moon, also several 
Sisters of Charity. This expedition returned with a large number of 
men suffering from the results of the Peninsular Campaign. It was the 
first of the many vessels thus laden which came up the Delaware River 
in the course of the war. 

Under the direction of Surgeon R. S. Kenderdine, a military hos- 
pital car was maintained between Washington and Philadelphia attached 
to regular trains and making three trips weekly. 

The "high tide" of military hospital service in Philadelphia came 
with the battle of Gettysburg. Upon July 5th, 1863, Assistant Surgeon 
Gen. James R. Smith telegraphed to Governor Curtin that the five thou- 
sand empty beds in the Philadelphia army hospitals would be filled. All 
through the following week the suffering, battle-torn humanity rolled 
in upon the city until there were more than ten thousand soldiers to 
be cared for by the host of surgeons and nurses awaiting them. 

The friends and relatives of soldiers who were reported to be in 
one or another of the military hospitals of Philadelphia came to the 
city in large numbers from other States and often experienced much 
difficulty in finding the objects of their anxiety. To assist such persons 
the Y. M. C. A. and the United States Sanitary Commission published 
hospital directories, including the names of all soldiers then or previously 
inmates of the different hospitals, with directions for reaching them. 

*Surgeon John Neill organized the earliest military hospitals at Philadelphia. 
He was appointed medical director of the forces from Pennsylvania with the 
rank of lieutenant-colonel. He died February ist, 1880. 

15 



226 

In the course of the Civil War the military hospitals of the North 
ministered to 6,454,834 cases of illness and wounds. Of these 195,657 
were fatal. Although Philadelphia received a larger proportion of 
severely wounded men than the hospitals of the service as a whole, the 
average percentage of mortality was lower here than elsewhere. 

The annual report of the Philadelphia Branch of the United States 
Sanitary Commission, January ist, 1866, states that 157,000 soldiers and 
sailors were cared for in the general hospitals at Philadelphia during the 
war. 

Out of the experience gained in the army hospitals of Philadelphia 
many patriotic young physicians developed the skill and knowledge which 
has tended to make this community famous as a center of medical and 
surgical education.* 



The Lesser Military Hospitals. 



LOCATION AND CAPACITY. 



McClellan General Hospital Germantown road and Cayuga street 400 beds 

Summit House General Hospital ...Darby road, West Philadelphia 522 beds 

Hestonville General Hospital Hestonville 172 beds 

Haddington General Hospital Haddington 200 beds 

Cuyler General Hospital Germantown 550 beds 

Smallpox General Hospital Islington lane 50 beds 

Turners Lane General Hospital 275 beds 

Officers' General Hospital Camac's Woods 50 beds 

Episcopal General Hospital Front and York streets 325 beds 

Broad Street Hospital S. E. corner of Broad and Cherry 

streets 650 beds 

St. Joseph's Hospital Girard avenue and Seventeenth 

street 150 beds 

Master Street Hospital Sixth and Master streets 305 beds 

George Street Hospital Fourth and George streets 225 beds 

Fifth Street Hospital Fifth and Buttonwood streets 282 beds 

Race Street Hospital National Guards' Hall 412 beds 

Twelfth Street Hospital Twelfth and Buttonwood streets 152 beds 

Filbert Street Hospital State Armory, Sixteenth and Filbert 

streets 430 beds 

South Street Hospital Twenty- fourth and South streets 253 beds 

Christian Street Hospital Ninth and Christian streets 220 beds 

*The medical records of great foreign wars from 1794 to 1850 show that 
the fatalities in army hospitals resulting from amputations were 58 per cent, of 
all cases. The surgeons of the Union Armies saved about 75 per cent, of the 
men operated upon. 

In the course of six months, dating from July 1st, 1864, the military hos- 
pitals at Philadelphia received 46,459 sick and wounded men. Of these 974 died, 
11,737 deserted and 20,178 returned to duty. The balance were still in the hos- 
pitals at the end of the year. 



227 

Catharine Street Hospital Eighth and Catharine streets 105 beds 

Wood Street Hospital Twenty-second and Wood streets. . . 175 beds 

Citizens' Volunteer Hospital Broad and Prime streets 400 beds 

The foregoing list is printed in the order in which it was published in 
official circulars issued by the Government during the Civil War period and 
without reference to priority of establishment. The same order is adhered to in 
the chapter following. 



PHILADELPHIA SURGEONS WHO SERVED 



1 



"^HE McCLELLAN HOSPITAL, in the immediate vicinity of 
Wayne Junction, was in the class of general hospitals especially 
constructed for the purpose. While, in the case of this hospital, 
changes of personnel among the officers were frequent (and this 
also applies to the other military hospitals then in operation in Phila- 
delphia), the officials most closely identified with the "McClellan," as 
far as traceable, were: Surgeon in charge, Lewis Taylor; executive 
officer, A. A. Surgeon J. P. Murphy; asst. executive officer, Capt. T. 
C. Kendall of the Invalid Corps ; asst. surgeons, Isaac Morris, Jr., Levi 
Curtis, H. C. Primrose, W. L. Wells, H. B. Buehler and Richard A. 
Cleeman.* 

Summit House Hospital was situated on the site now occupied 
by St. Joseph's (Catholic) Hospital, Darby road near Paschalville. 
Surgeon in charge, J. H. Taylor, assisted by Surgeons L. Leavitt 
(executive officer), James A. Buchanan, G. W. Webb and S. R. Skillern. 
At a later period the hospital was administered by Surgeon Winthrop 
Sargeant. 

On August 24th, 1864, all of the white soldiers at the Summit House 
Hospital were removed to the Satterlee Hospital to make room for 
twelve hundred sick and wounded negro soldiers then being landed at 
Grays Ferry. 

Hestonville Hospital, in the suburb of that name, was in charge 
of Surgeon D. Hayes Agnew, assisted by Surgeons R. Taylor and J. 
Lodge. 

Haddington Hospital occupied the old Bull's Head Tavern at 
Sixty-fifth and Vine streets. This building is still standing. This 
hospital was opened November 2d, 1862, in charge of Surgeon R. J. 
Levis. It was closed about one year later. 

*This hospital, the last one established at Philadelphia during the war, was 
arranged upon the general plan of the Mower Hospital, having an elliptic corridor 
from which eighteen wards radiated, the office building being in the center. It is 
fully described in Part I, Vol. 3, Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion. 



228 

CuYLER Hospital, Germantown, was established in the rear of the 
Town Hall and opened on September 19th, 1862, in charge of Surgeon 
James Darrach, with John Ashurst, Jr., A. A. S., as executive oflEicer, 
Asst. surgeons, William R. Dunton, J. M. Leedom, T. F. Betton and R. 
N. Downs. 

Islington Lane Hospital was known locally as the "Smallpox 
Hospital," its function being the care of cases of this disease originating 
in the other hospitals. Assistant surgeon in charge, James V. Patterson. 

Turners Lane Hospital. A special study was made here of diseases 
of the nerves caused by wounds. It was located near the junction of 
Twenty-second and Oxford streets. Assistant Surgeon in charge, 
Charles H. Alden; executive officer, A. A. Surgeon C. B. King; stafif, 
A. A. Surgeons Charles Carter, S. Weir Mitchell, W. W. Keen and 
J. A. Da Costa. 

The Officers Hospital was located in Camac's Woods near the 
intersection of Eleventh and Berks streets. Surgeon in charge, William 
M. Camac. Late in the course of the war this hospital was removed to 
Twenty-fourth and Chestnut streets. 

The Episcopal Hospital at Front and York streets was in charge 
of Surgeons Richard A. Cleeman and Robert P. Thomas. 

The Broad Street Hospital was opened February 2d, 1862, in 
the old station building of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Com- 
pany on the site now occupied by the Parkway Building. Branches 
of this hospital were afterward established in the old market house on 
Broad street below Race street and on Cherry street east of Broad 
street. Surgeon John Neill was appointed in charge, his staff including 
Surgeons Thomas Yarrow, Henry Yarrow, Harrison Allen, H. M. Bel- 
lows, Henry Eiggleton and Thomas Eggleton; Medical Cadets James 
Tyson, George W. Shields, E. R. Corson, Edward Livezy, J. W. Corson 
and W. R. D. Blackwood. The ladies actively interested in this hos- 
pital were from the many prominent families then resident near by. 
This hospital was closed when the Mower Hospital was completed but 
was reopened for a short time after the battle of Gettysburg, the surgeon 
then in charge being W. V. Keating. 

St. Joseph's Hospital occupied temporary buildings erected on the 
property of the large Catholic institution of the name at Seventeenth 
street and Girard avenue. Surgeon incharge, W. P. Moon. 

The Master Street Hospital occupied a manufacturing building 
at the northwest corner of Sixth and Master streets. It was opened 
upon July 1st, 1862, and continued until after the Chestnut Hill Hospital 
(Mower) was in operation, nearly a year later. It was considered one 
of the most efficient establishments in the city. 

Dr. Paul B. Goddard was surgeon in charge; resident surgeons, 
Kingston Goddard, Jr., A. Hamilton Smith, Matthias K. Knorr; visiting 
surgeons, Drs. Wm. H. Pancoast, David Gilbert, Joseph Klapp and 
Samuel Murphy; apothecary, Joseph B. Fox. 



229 

The building was subsequently used as a factory for supplying sheets 
for the hospitals and underwear for the army. 

The George Street Hospital occupied the building of the Order 
of American Mechanics at Fourth and George streets. It was opened 
June 20th, 1862. Surgeon in charge, Lewis D. Harlow. It was closed 
on February 23d, 1863. 

Fifth Street Hospital was established under the direction of 
Surgeon Thomas G. Morton in the buildings of the Dunlap carriage 
factory, at Fifth and Button wood streets. It was opened in February, 

1862, and was discontinued a year later, after which the structures were 
used as a military prison for Confederates and a barracks for the Provost 
Guard. The hospital was in charge of Surgeon A. C. Bournonville, 
assisted by Surgeons R. J. Dunglison and William M, Breed. 

The Race Street Hospital occupied the armory of the National 
Guards on Race street below Sixth street. It was closed March i8th, 

1863, the patients being removed to Mower Hospital. Surgeon in charge, 
A. C. Bournonville. 

The Twelfth Street Hospital, at Twelfth and Buttonwood 
streets, was opened October 22d, 1862, and continued about one year. 
Surgeon in charge, Thomas G. Morton. 

The Filbert Street Hospital was established in the summer of 
1862 at the fine State Arsenal building, southeast corner of Sixteenth 
and Filbert streets. The lower floors were used as a depot for military 
clothing. Surgeon in charge, Richard A. Dunglison, assisted by Sur- 
geons A. Douglas Hall, John W. S. Norris and S. Weir Mitchell. In 
February, 1863, this became a convalescent hospital under Surgeon V. 
P. Hibbard, and later in charge of Surgeons W. S. Forbes and Samuel 
S. Storrow, consecutively. The assistant surgeons were J. Wilson 
Magruder, James W. Draper, and A. Douglas Hall.* 

The South Street Hospital was located at Twenty- fourth and 
South streets. From its reputation for amputations it was often called 
by the soldiers the "stump hospital." The surgeon in charge was Harry 
C. Hart, who was succeeded in 1864 by Surgeon Henry James, The 
assistant surgeons were F. F. Maury, E. A. Koerper and A. B. Stonelake. 

The Christian Street Hospital was located on the south side of 
that street below Tenth street, in Moyamensing Hall. Its proximity to 
the "Baltimore Railroad station" and to the great refreshment saloons 
gave it much importance. It was maintained to October 24th, 1864. 
When opened it was in charge of Surgeon John I. Reese, and later was 
under Surgeon R. J. Levis. Among those identified with this hospital 
were Assistant Surgeons S. Weir Mitchell, George R. Morehouse, 
Charles Holden, W. W. Keen, L. E. Nordmann and John H. Packard. 

*A description of this hospital may be found in Dr. Mitchell's first novel, "In 
War Time." It was here that this distinguished surgeon began his studies of 
cases of nervous diseases, which he continued later at the Christian Street and 
Turner's Lane Hospitals. 



230 

The Catharine Street Hospital, at Eighth and Catharine streets, 
was also convenient to the great highway of military travel across the 
city, and of great service to passing troops. It was administered by Sur- 
geon Robert R. Taylor. 

Wood Street Hospital, Twenty-second and Wood streets, was one 
of the earliest of the in-town hospitals, being continued to February 3d, 
1863, when its officials and patients were transferred to the more salu- 
brious environment of the Mower Hospital. Surgeon in charge, Caleb 
W. Horner; assistant surgeons, S. H. Horner, William H. Gordon and 
C. B. Voigt. 

Among the Philadelphia surgeons who died in the service were: 

Albert Owen Stille, Surgeon of the 23d Regiment, died at Fortress Monroe, 
June 23d, 1862. 

James Knighton Shivers, died at Atlanta, 1865. 

Joseph Hopkinson, Mower Hospital, died July nth, 1865. 

Charles Baker Riehle, Asst. Surgeon 8th Cavalry, died at Washington, Sep- 
tember 14th, 1862. 

Edward Donaldson, medical cadet, U. S. A., died at Washington, D. C, May 
31st, 1864. 



THE CITIZENS' VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL 



""^ OREMOST in extent and capacity among the centrally located 
hospitals, this beneficent establishment was located opposite the 
depot of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, 
upon the northeast corner of Broad street and Washington avenue. 
It was especially intended for the reception of the more serious cases 
of the sick and wounded constantly arriving from the army by train. 
It was a clearing house from which the patients were gradually dis- 
tributed to other hospitals. The managers and committees of humane 
citizens of both sexes maintained volunteer committees in attendance at 
all incoming trains to not only give instant help to those in need of it, 
but to protect the soldiers from thieves and harpies, who were ever ready 
to mislead and rob them. This hospital was opened on September 5th, 
1862, and closed on August nth, 1865. Upon October 12th, 1863, 
the first anniversary, it was stated that 30,000 soldiers had been cared 
for, of whom but 80 had died. In its report of May loth, 1864, it 
recorded that to that time above 50,000 men had been received. The 
capacity of this hospital was 400 beds, but at times room was made 
for 700 men. After great battles the nearby churches were utilized to 
house the excess arrivals of the wounded. The Methodist Church at 
Broad and Christian streets, the Presbyterian Church at Broad and 



231 

Fitzwater streets, and St. Theresa's (Catholic) Church, upon Broad 
street, above Catharine street, were all used as temporary hospitals, as 
were also many of the fire houses. 

The cash receipts from contributors aggregated $43,436. Supplies 
of perhaps greater value were donated. The ground upon which the 
buildings stood was loaned to the association by Hon. Joseph Randall. 
When the institution was closed a balance of $4,783.47 remained. This 
was given to the Soldiers and Sailors Home and other military relief 
associations. 

The Citizens' Volunteer Hospital was in charge of Surgeon R. S. 
Kenderdine, U. S. V. 

President, T. T. Tasker, Sr.; Treasurer, Chas. P. Paret; Secretary, Thos. L. 
Gififord. 

Board of Managers: John Williams, W. L. Clayton, James Evans, John Kil- 
patrick, Alex. Greaves, Samuel W. Middleton, Frank Bayle, John H, Clayton, 
John Goorley, Wm. R. Pidgeon, Andrew McFetters, David J. Stevenson, Samuel 
Bayle, Jos. L. Goff, Edmund Hopper, James D. Doherty, Edward H. Pyle, J. B. 
Hancock, Wm. J. Verdette, George W. Lott, James L. Moore, David Foy, Henry 
J. Fox, Wm. H. Taggart, Joseph M. Cardeza.* 



WEST PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL, LATER DESIQ= 
NATED THE SATTERLEE U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Capacity, 2,860 Beds 



THE project of the extensive hospital located in the Twenty- 
seventh Ward, West Philadelphia, has been credited to Dr. Isaac 
I. Hayes, under whose direction it was built and who remained 
at the head of its administration to the end of the war. The 
site, now occupied by blocks of attractive, modern homes, was then 
in the open country. The ground was about 90 feet above tide level, 
sloping into the valley of a small creek, thus receiving good drainage. 
The boundaries of the ground occupied extended 1,400 feet northwest- 
ward from a point now within Clarence Clark Park, just south of 
Baltimore avenue, at the intersection of Forty-fourth street. The average 
width of the reservation was 650 feet. The group of buildings filled the 
upper space, and these were surrounded by a high fence. The open 
portion along Baltimore avenue, beyond the ravine of Little Mill creek, 

♦The annual reports of this hospital do not include the names of assistant 
surgeons or of the many patriotic ladies and citizens who were in attendance here 
during nearly three years of activity. 



232 

was used as a parade, and after the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg 
was covered with tents for the wounded soldiers. 

The Administration Building of two floors occupied the center of 
the enclosure, flanked by the wards of one floor each, thirty-four in all. 
These wards were of unequal length. When the group was finally com- 
pleted by the builder, Wm. L. Sands, under a supplementary contract, 
in November, 1862, the wards were furnished with 3,124 beds. In 
addition to the hospital buildings proper quarters were provided for 
a host of surgeons, attendants, nurses, guards, musicians, cooks, printers 
and other essential employees. 

Dr. Hayes had assumed this task at a great sacrifice of personal 
interest. Experience with the Second Grinnell Expedition to the Arctic 
Region six years earlier had led him to further research in that field. 
When the Civil War began he was absent in the far north upon his 
schooner "United States." He first learned of the condition of war when 
arriving at Halifax in October, 1861. He promptly abandoned his 
scientific plans and tendered his personal services and the use of his 
ship to the Federal Government. Both were accepted and he was as- 
signed to hospital duty at Philadelphia. 

The West Philadelphia U. S. General Hospital was opened for 
the reception of military patients June 9th, 1862. During the morning 
of the opening day twenty-five Sisters of Charity reported for duty, 
having been assigned to the hospital by order of the Surgeon General 
upon the recommendation, it is said, of Dr. D. Hayes Agnew and Dr. 
Walter F. Atlee. In the afternoon about one hundred and fifty patients 
were brought here from other hospitals. 

In General Order No. 8, dated July 2d, Dr. Hayes announced his 
staff as follows: 

Resident Surgeons — D. McMurtrie, N. Hickman, H. Hillner, J. A. 
Buchanan, George H. Deck, L. K. Baldwin, M. S. Perry, W. C. Dixon, 
W. H. Matlack and C. E. Iddings. 

Visiting Surgeons— Alfred Stille, T. Stewardson, E. A. Smith, F. 
W. Lewis, W. F. Atlee, John G. Tull, R. A. Penrose, J. M. DaCosta, 
H. West, J. B. Hutchinson, H. L. Lodge, J. H. Packard, E. Crowell, 
D. H. Agnew, W. C. Halsey, Frank West and Caspar Wistar. 

The Cadets were Messrs. Williams, Saunders, Knorr, Cadwell, 
Lowndes, Byres, Trull, Dickson, Campbell, Keffer and Santee. 

In a list printed in the "Hospital Register," a weekly paper printed 
at the hospital, appear, in addition to the foregoing names, those of 
Surgeons Joseph Leidy, Ezra Dyer and Edward A. Page. Cadet A. L. 
Eakin was also added to the staff. In 1864 Surgeon W. H. Forwood, 
U. S. A., became Executive Officer, succeeding Surgeon John S. Billings. 

This hospital, known at first and so designated in official documents 
as the West Philadelphia U. S. General Hospital, was named, on June 
3d, 1863, in honor of Brig.-Gen. Richard Sherwood Satterlee, U. S. 
A., a noted surgeon, native of Fairfield, Herkimer County, N. Y., 



233 

and in the regular army service dating from his appointment as Assist- 
ant Surgeon in 1822. Throughout the Civil War this officer held the 
position of Medical Purveyor, with headquarters in New York City. 

At the "Satterlee" military discipline was strictly enforced. A com- 
pany of troops was assigned to guard duty, and as the hospital in- 
creased in its invalid population, the guard was reinforced until it num- 
bered 170 rank and file. 

A good military band, under Prof. Theodore Hermann, provided 
daily concerts and music for the dress parades and dirges for the dead. 
Always hovering above their charges in the hospital wards were the 
Sisters of Charity, forty-two in number, under the orders of Mother 
Mary Gonzaga Grace. These nurses were not paid, but the Govern- 
ment reimbursed for their services the order to which they belonged. 

Rev. Nathaniel West, D. D., the Protestant Chaplain of the "Satter- 
lee," wrote of these Catholic sister-nurses: "Better nurses, better at- 
tendants, more noiseless, ceaseless performers of services in the hospital 
could not be found. There is probably not a hospital in the public 
service that would not be glad to have them." Much of the heavier, 
more trying work at this and other hospitals was done by male assistants 
known as "contract men."* 

The Ladies' Aid Society, Penn Relief Association and Ladies' Asso- 
ciation for Soldiers' Relief were all represented in the large numbers 
of volunteer attendants at this and other hospitals. A number of ladies 
of the neighborhood, with the aid of the Chaplain, established a hos- 
pital library, reading and writing room. Newspapers from all sections 
of the country were filed here daily. A billiard room and entertainment 
hall were also maintained. These were upon the southwestern side of 
the reservation adjoining the still existent homestead of Dr. and Mrs. 
Louis H. Twaddell, both of whom were active in volunteer work in 
the often crowded wards, t 

A large proportion of the patients sent to this hospital arrived upon 
steamers which landed at a point just below the old Gray's Ferry bridge, 
from which the sufferers were taken upon stretchers and in wagons 
and ambulances along Warrington lane to Baltimore avenue. This now 
forgotten lane extended across the plateau from the intersection of Gray's 
Ferry road to the Warrington homestead, which yet stands, surrounded 
with modern homes, just southward from the site of the Cherry Tree 
tavern. 

Chaplain West states that the full capacity of the hospital was in- 
creased to 2,860 beds, in addition to which were 150 large tents to hold 

*Rev. Nathaniel West, chaplain, died on September ist, 1864, aged seventy 
years. 

fUnder order dated October 29th, 1863, no women were permitted to serve 
in United States General Hospitals, excepting "matrons," unless provided with a 
"certificate of approval" or directly appointed by the Surgeon-General. General 
Order No. 351. 



234 

900 more persons. These are said to have been set up along Baltimore 
avenue opposite and within the space now included in Clarence Clark 
Park, upon the verge of the ravine. Until the completion of the hos- 
pital at Chestnut Hill, this was the largest army hospital in the United 
States. The Philadelphia Nurses' Corps, the first association of army- 
nurses in the service, was formed at this hospital.* The total number of 
soldiers and sailors cared for at the "Satterlee" in the course of its 
operation is believed to exceed 60,000. The Satterlee Hospital was closed 
upon August 3d, 1865.1 



THE MOWER U. S. GENERAL HOSPITAL 

Capacity, 4,000 Beds 



ELECTING the highest level ground within the city limits, just 
eastward of Chestnut Hill, where the altitude is 400 feet above 
the river level, the National Government began the erection, in the 
fall of 1862, of another vast hospital establishment. The official 
in charge was Col. Charles H. Greenleaf, U. S. A., who was also Execu- 
tive Officer. The space covered was 27 acres. The location was bounded 
by Abingdon and Springfield avenues, the Chestnut Hill track of the 
Reading Railroad and County Line road. The main frontage was op- 
posite the station now known as Wyndmoor. This was an ideal site for 
the purpose. The contractor who built the Satterlee Hospital was em- 
ployed upon this work. The arrangement of the buildings was novel. 
From a great, flatted, elliptical corridor forty-seven wards, each 175 feet 
long, radiated outward like the spokes of a wheel. The fence enclosed 
a space 912 feet wide and 1,037 ^^^t long. The Administration and 
Medical Department occupied the two-story building in the center. At 
the far corners were the barracks of the guards. The large commissary 
building faced the railroad. Kitchens, dining halls, power and heating 
plants, guard houses and various other structures were grouped in the 
open central space. A roomy parade and band stand was northeast from 

*In December, 1864, Dr. Milton C. Egbert, a wealthy oil producer, of Venango 
County, Pa., sent, in the name of his wife, $5,000 to be expended upon Christmas 
dinners for the soldiers and sailors then in the military hospitals of Philadelphia. 
The sum was apportioned among all of the hospitals excepting the "Mower," 
which had been otherwise provided for. 

tSoon after the close of the war the hospital tract was purchased by a syndi- 
cate, which divided it into building lots under the name of "Satterlee Heights." 
"Sheridan avenue" is now Osage avenue and Fairview avenue is Larchwood ave- 
nue. A map of this operation is preserved in a scrap book of the McAllister Col- 
lection, Ridgway Library. 



235 

the Medical Building. All of the buildings, like those of Satterlee Hos- 
pital, were built of wood and rough cast upon the outside. Water was 
supplied from the Chestnut Hill water works reservoir. 

Tramways extended through the corridor and along the center of 
each ward to facilitate the carrying of patients and food. Many forms 
of diversion were provided for the soldiers, and here, as in the vicinity 
of the other hospitals, there was no lack of kindly attention upon the 
part of the neighboring residents. Invalid and wounded soldiers destined 
for the Mower Hospital were carried to the railroad station at Ninth and 
Green streets in fire ambulances and thence in special cars. 

The Mower Hospital was opened upon January 17th, 1863. The 
capacity at that time was 2,820 beds for patients. The Surgeon in charge 
was Dr. J. Hopkinson; Consulting Surgeon, J. H. B. McClellan; Execu- 
tive Officer, Col. Chas H. Greenleaf, U. S. A. ; Assistant Surgeons, Isaac 
Norris, Henry C. Primrose, W. George Foggo, C. R. Maclean, J. M. 
Wallis, J. Wherry, M. L. Lauber, Robert Boiling, Horace Y. Evans, L. 
W. Bickley, J. A. C. Hanley, J. G. Murphy, Wm. M. Welch, E. A. 
Koerper, L. S. Morand, J. S. Somerville, A. H. Light, Albert Trego, 
Rollin T. Baker, Lewis T. Garrett, D. P. Pancoast, C. C. Bonibaugh and 
Chas. H. Budd. 

The employees included one steward, 47 ward masters, 141 nurses 
and two firemen. The guard, at first, consisted of a company from Wayne 
County, Pa., under Capt. George W. Hubbell. A full band and drum 
corps furnished daily music. 

Soon after the opening about 1,700 patients were brought here, 
mainly from a number of the small hospitals in town, which were then 
discontinued. 

The total admissions to the end of 1864 were 17,190. The number 
was greatly increased near the close of the war. 



A KEY TO THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE MILITARY 

HOSPITALS, UNITED STATES ARMY, LOCATED 

AT PHILADELPHIA 



T 



■^HE unpublished reports and other documentary papers relat- 
ing to these Civil War Hospitals are filed at the office of the 
Adjutant-General, War Department, Washington. An index of 
these records has been prepared by courtesy of that official for 
use in this book. In order that it may be permanently accessible, copies 
of this index have been placed in the libraries of the College of Physi- 
cians, the Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical Society 



236 

of Pennsylvania. It is understood that information, when important, 
regarding any individual soldier or sailor who may have been an inmate 
of those hospitals will be furnished by the Government upon presenta- 
tion of sufficient data. This should be applied for, to secure attention, 
through members of Congress representing districts in which applicants 
reside. 



THE UNITED STATES ARMY LABORATORY 



THE United States Laboratory, located upon the northeast cor- 
ner of Sixth and Jefferson streets, in a factory building, was 
established by direction of Surgeon Gen. Hammond in the 
summer of 1863, and placed in charge of Prof. John M. Maisch, 
of which he remained the director during the two and a half years of 
its existence. Here a staff of chemists and other experts prepared sup- 
plies for the medical and surgical requirements of the army and navy 
at an estimated saving, as compared with previous costs, of $750,000. 



THE INVALID CORPS, COMPANIES RECRUITED IN 
PHILADELPHIA 



IN May, 1863, the Government authorized the formation of an "In- 
valid Corps."* This body was afterward designated the "Veteran 
Reserve Corps," and was recruited from men of former service who 
had been sick or wounded but were still fit for garrison and guard 
duty. Under the direction of the Acting Assistant Provost Marshal of 
Pennsylvania, twelve companies of these troops were formed at the 
several army hospitals in Philadelphia, through the efforts of Col. Richard 
H. Rush. Col. George W. Gile, late of the 88th Regiment, was ap- 
pointed in command. The "Invalid Corps" was composed of two classes, 
the more able-bodied companies being employed upon provost duty and 

*The Invalid Corps consisted of 158 companies, of which 15 were from Penn- 
sylvania. It was established by order of May 25th, 1863. By a subsequent order, 
dated March i8th, 1864, the designation was changed to that of the Veteran Re- 
serve Corps. 



237 

as guards, the second class being assigned as hospital clerks, cooks and 
nurses.* 

The companies recruited in Philadelphia were designated by num- 
bers, as follows : 

46th and i3Sth, McClellan General Hospital; 51st, 57th and I22d, Satterlec 
General Hospital; 52d, 133d and 134th. Mower General Hospital; 131st, Summit 
House Hospital; i62d, Cuyler General Hospital; 54th and sgth, from the minor 
hospitals.! 



PATRIOTIC VOLUNTEER FIREMEN 




N 



of the 



O class of citizens responded 
more promptly to their 
country's call in the spring 
of 1 86 1 than the members 
volunteer fire companies of 
Philadelphia, then eighty-seven in 
number. They were numerous in 
all of the early regiments recruited 
in the city, and composed the greater 
part of the "23d," Birney's Zouaves, 
and the "72d," Baxter's Philadelphia 
Fire Zouaves. The "fire-fighters" 
were also well represented on the 
many ships of war built and manned 
at this port. The heroic records of 
these men are to be found in the 
regimental histories of our local 
organizations, and in the naval re- 
ports of the period. During the 
summer of 1861 the city authorities 
had acquired, by gift and purchase, 
a number of fine rifled cannon with caissons and equipments. Later in 
the year it was proposed to form an artillery regiment composed of fire- 
men. So greatly had the various companies been depleted by enlist- 
ments that it was not found practicable. The firemen, however, offered 
the use of their horses for any emergency service. Twice in the course 

*It was the duty of the senior officer of Invalid Corps detachments stationed 
at General Hospitals to keep a record of all deaths and interments. General 
Order No. 212. 

fThese troops are not included in the totals of organizations credited to Phila- 
delphia. 



238 

of the war, at the instance of Chief David M. Lyle, the time-honored 
Hibernia Engine Company sent its steam engine, with a detail of men, 
to Fortress Monroe and Washington, upon request of the War Depart- 
ment. This powerful steam fire engine was built for the "Hibernias" by 
Reanie & Neafie, of Philadelphia, and was the pioneer engine of its kind 
in this city, if not in the United States. 

This patriotic company was organized in 1752. It was represented in 
all of the wars of this country from the formation of the Government. 
The Hibernia Target Company, formed in 1853, became a company in 
the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, this being the first full company of 
firemen sent out during the Civil War by any fire organization in the 
United States. The Northern Liberty and Vigilant Fire Companies, 
also dating from long before the Revolutionary War, were proud of the 
fact that their members had worn the tmiforms of the Continentals as 
well as of Zouaves. The first organization of local firemen in the field was 
Capt. Wm. McMullen's "Rangers," a company recruited from the "Moya- 
mensing Hose" for the three months' service, under Gen. Robert Patter- 
son, in 1 86 1. 

The total number of Philadelphia firemen who served in the Union 
Army between 1861 and 1865 is estimated to have been about eleven 
thousand. 

Not less notable is the story of the splendid work accomplished by 
the firemen of the city through their volunteer ambulance service, which 
began with the Southwark Hose Company No. 9. These ambulances 
were thirty-five in number. They were built with money subscribed by 
the firemen and their friends and were maintained at the houses of the 
Delaware, Southwark, Washington, Weccacoe, Diligent, Philadelphia 
(2), Assistance, America, Fairmount, Northern Liberty, United States, 
Vigilant, Good Intent, Globe, Mechanic, Decatur, Fellowship (2), Mon- 
roe, Good Will (2), and West Philadelphia Engine Companies, and the 
Franklin, Hope, Southwark, Western, Philadelphia, Good Will, Neptune, 
Cohocksink, Kensington, Independence, Northern Liberty and West Phila- 
delphia Hose Companies. Great rivalry existed between the several com- 
panies in the artistic embellishment of their handsome and servicable ve- 
hicles. They were kept in readiness for instant call. Upon the arrival of 
vessels or trains filled with wounded and invalid soldiers the electric call 
"9-6," repeated three times, was rung upon the bells in the fire towers, and 
away the ambulances sped for the river front or the depots. 

In the five days preceding Christmas, 1862, the ambulances, under 
the direction of Chief David M. Lyle, carried 2,500 patients from the 
Citizens' Volunteer Hospitals to others throughout the city.* 

In many instances the fire companies invested their funds in Gov- 

*It is stated^ in Lossing's History of the Civil War that the Philadelphia fire 
ambulances carried from the trains to the hospitals and elsewhere one hundred 
and twenty thousand sick or wounded soldiers. 



239 

ernment bonds, and when the sad harvest of battle was brought to our 
doors the fire houses became temporary hospitals. Many of the dead of 
the 72d Regiment, who fell at Autietam and Gettysburg, were exhumed 
from graves upon the fields where they had fought by their brother fire- 
men and given burial in the home cemeteries. 

In 1867 the handsome ambulance of the Philadelphia Fire Engine 
Company was sent to the Exposition Universelle at Paris as a part of 
the United States Government display, and was exhibited in the Army 
and Navy section. The company was awarded a bronze medal and a 
diploma by the Exposition authorities. 

For many years after the volunteer fire department had been dis- 
banded the "old timers," when upon their frequent visitations to other 
cities, generally carried along one or two war ambulances as the most 
prized of their treasures.* 



THE UNION LEAGUE OF PHILADELPHIA 



AFTER eighteen months of war the outlook for the final success 
of the Union cause was far from promising. In Philadelphia 
the disloyal element openly expressed joy over Confederate vic- 
tories in the faces of their patriotic neighbors. This exasperating 
situation was discussed by a group of eminent citizens. It was decided 
to invite other loyal men to meet at the residence of Mr. Benjamin 
Gerhard, at 226 South Fourth street, to promote the formation of a 
Union Club. Referring to that movement years afterward, Mr. George 
H. Boker wrote: 

"So timid and hesitating was the beginning of the Union Club that 
the notice to certain gentlemen to meet in Mr. Gerhard's house seemed 
to contain no authority for the assemblage. The receivers of the notes 
of invitation were informed merely that there would be a meeting 
of loyal men for a patriotic purpose. There was no signature to these 
notes, and from the context one might have inferred that Mr. Gerhard, 
for the nonce, had abandoned his house to the use of his friends. 

*The survivors of the old-time fire companies still maintain local organizations 
in the Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association, Tenth street above Brown street; 
the Volunteer Firemen's Association, Eighth and Buttonwood streets, and the 
Active Volunteer Firemen's Association, at Buttonwood street and Old York road. 
The Tivoli, William Penn and Taylor Hose Companies also continue their head- 
quarters. 'These associations include many old soldiers and possess a number of 
valuable collections of apparatus, relics and pictures. 



240 

The original promotors who met in response to the invitation were 
Judge J. I. Clark Hare, Benjamin Gerhard, George Boker, Morton Mc- 
Michael, Horace Binney, Jr., and Charles Gibbons, Several meetings 
were subsequently held at private homes, and it has been stated, in a 
recent semi-centennial review of the origin of the Union League, that 
the formation of the club was regarded as a renewal of the historic 
Wistar parties instituted by Dr. Caspar Wistar in 1798. At the seventh 
meeting, held at the residence of Dr. John F. Meigs, upon December 
27th, 1862, the title of the "Union League" was adopted. The first 
meeting of the Union League was held in Concert Hall, upon January 
22d, 1863. Meanwhile, the large residence of Mr. Hartman Kuhn, at 
1 1 18 Chestnut street, had been rented by the club. This house, after- 
ward known as the Baldwin Mansion, stood upon the site now occupied 
by Keith's Theatre. The first President of the Union League was 
William Morris Meredith, then Attorney-General of the State. The 
membership had at this time grown to five hundred and thirty-six. The 
house was opened for members upon February 23d, 1863, and the Union 
League became at once a potent center of aggressive Union efifort. 

The following members were among the subscribers to a fund 
to form and equip regiments for the national service : 

William M. Meredith. Horace Binney, Jr. Joseph Allison. 

J. Forsyth Meigs. William Welsh. Oswald Thompson. 

Charles Gilpin. J. Reese Fry. Edwin Greble. 

John B. Myers. J. Edgar Thomson. William Henry Rawle. 

George H. Boker. James H. Orne. Charles J. Stille. 

Henry C. Carey. H. C. Knight. Alexander Brown. 

Daniel Smith, Jr. John G. Fell. William D. Lewis. 

James W. Paul. Adolph E. Borie. George Trott. 

Morton McMichael. Anthony J. Drexel. N. D. Browne. 

James L. Claghorn. George W. Childs. Lindley Smyth. 

Daniel Dougherty. S. V. Merrick. Clement Barclay. 

John Russell Young. Charles Gibbons. John W. Field. 

The names of these gentlemen were inscribed upon the columns of 
the Court of Honor of the 33d annual national encampment of the 
G. A. R., held at Philadelphia in September, 1889, with their help and 
that of others, the following regiments were organized : 

45th Regt. Penna. 90-day Militia, Cols. Wm. D. Whipple and James T. Clancy. 

Served July ist to Aug. 29th, 1863. 
S2d Regt. 90-day Militia. Col. Wm. A. Gray. Served July loth to Sept. 2d, 

1863. 

3. 59th Regt. 90-day Militia. Col. George P. McLean. Served July 9th to Sept, 

9th, 1863. 

4. 183d Regt. Infantry. Cols. George P. McLean, J. F. McCullough, James C, 
Lynch, George T. Egbert. Served Dec. 24th, 1863, to July 13th, 1865. 

196th Regt. Infantry. Col. Harmanus Nefif. Served July 20th, 1864, to Nov. 

17th, 1864. 
198th Regt. Infantry. Col. Horatio G. Sickel. Served Sept. 2d, 1864, to June 

4th, 1865. 




UNION LEAGUE CLUB HOUSE, 1118 CHESTNUT STREET, February 23d, 1863, to May 
nth, 1865. Site now occupied by Keith's Theatre. 




BRONZE TABLET IX HONOR OF TllE "UNION LEAGUE REGIMENTS,' 
UNION LEAGl^E CLUB HOUSE. 
(Henry K. Bush Brown, Sculptor.) 



AT 



241 

7. 2i3th Regt. Infantry. Col. John A. Gorgas. Served Feb. 24th, 1865, to Nov. 

i8th, 1865. 

8. 214th Regt. Infantry. Col. David B. McKibbin. Served March 21st, 1865, to 

March 21st, i86(5. 

9. 215th Regt. Infantry. Col. Francis Wister. Served April 5th, 1865, to July 

31st, 1865. 

The Union League also assisted in the formation of the Third Bat- 
talion Infantry (Fell's Chasseurs) and of five cavalry companies. 

As an inducement to secure recruits the Union League offered, at 
one time, a bounty of $300, and expended upon the several organiza- 
tions a total of $108,000. 

The Government established Camp William Penn, in Cheltenham 
Township, Montgomery County, where, under the command of Lieut.- 
Col. Louis Wagner, of the 88th Regiment, negro recruits of the State 
were gathered. The Union League expended $33,000 upon their equip- 
ment, etc. Each regiment sent out was presented with a stand of colors. 

During the war period the Publication Committee constantly issued 
patriotic circulars and also the Union League Gazette, of which 560,000 
copies were sent out. 

Upon the memorable evening of April loth, 1865, the news of the 
surrender of Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate force was brought to 
the Union League by Miss Louisa Claghorn and Mrs. John W. Forney, 
who had followed an excited telegraph boy to the Press office and 
obtained the dispatch after it had been copied for publication. The 
original, attested by Mr. J. Gillingham Fell, then President, is still 
preserved.* 

Upon May iith^ 1865, the Union League moved into its new 
building upon Broad street, which it has occupied to the present time. 
A bronze tablet placed in the corridor of the Union League clubhouse 
and a bronze figure of a soldier of the Union army upon its pedestal 
in front of the building upon Broad street are memorials of the war 
period in the history of this influential and patriotic organization. f 

♦History of the Union League Club. 

tThe continued interest of the Union League in the events of the Civil War 
is evidenced by the group of its members composing "The Pilgrims to the Battle- 
fields of the Rebellion." This organization consists of thirty members, of whom 
but a minority were soldiers of that period. The "Pilgrims" hold an annual 
banquet on Lincoln's Birthday, and undertake a visit, each year, to some one 
or more of the scenes of great battles and campaigns. 

Upon the occasion of the semi-centennial of its organization, on February 
I2th, 1913, a list was published of the following survivors of the nearly three 
thousand members who were identified with the Club prior to May 5th, 1865. 
They are, as given in the order of their election, as follows : Edward Smith 
Kelly, Henry G. Morris, George Rice, J. Edward Addicks, Thomas Dolan, John 
F. Graff, Capt. S. Emlen Meigs, Charles S. Cramp, Frank H. Wyeth, Wayne 
MacVeagh, John G. Watmough, William M. Cramp, Judge William H. Armstrong, 
Henry C. Butcher, Richard A. Lewis, Edgar W. Earle. Thomas S. Harrison, 
William F. Biddle, Jacob N. Donaldson and James T. Graflf. 
16 



THE INVASION OF 1863. GETTYSBURG 



E 



"^ ARLY in the course of the war the London Chronicle, viewing 
the problem of the American people from a dispassionate 
standpoint, had said: 



"They have to discover, by hard trial, whether they have generals who can 
command, soldiers who will fight, ministers with ability to organize and a National 
spirit loyal enough to redeem the heavy burdens, the chilling disappointments and, 
above all, the wearisome delays inevitable to a state of war. * * * Any temporary 
sacrifice will be amply repaid if the national energies have been trained and society, 
in every circle, has learned to set a due value on the possessions which have been 
gained or preserved at a heavy cost of blood and treasure. If such should be the 
result of the war, it will have proved the happiest event that ever happened in 
America. They will have acquired a better title to respect from other nations and, 
above all, they will have learned better how to respect themselves." 

The sober truth of the foregoing estimate possessed the souls of 
the people in Philadelphia in the early summer of 1863. The color, 
the thrill and the glory of the war were all of the past. The news- 
papers became monotonous with their brief daily records of military 
funerals, of the return of the wounded from the splendid Philadelphia 
regiments, shattered at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg. There were 
signs portent of another draft. The disloyal element of the city, no 
longer cowed into hiding, became aggressive. They proclaimed the 
war a failure, they held meetings under the shadow of Independence 
Hall and their newspaper, the Age, defied patriotic people. 

But there was no weakening of purpose with loyal Philadelphia. 
The wives of soldiers to whom pittances, sorely needed, came from 
husbands at the front, took the little hoards down to Jay Cooke & Co. 
and bought Government bonds. That was the spirit and the sacri- 
fice of the time in thousands of homes. 

Many of the depleted regiments of New England and New York 
state, whose terms of service were ended, were passing homeward 
through the city. At the hands of the tired but steadfast men and 
women of the great refreshment saloons they were, once more, bounti- 
fully fed. Now and then a new regiment passed southward, clean in 
their fresh uniforms and gay with the old spirit of '6i. 

There were also long gray lines of prisoners, Hmphig, between their 
guards, down Washington avenue and amazed to find a good meal and 
kindly attention awaiting them before they embarked for Fort Delaware. 

There was a feeling abroad that the war was approaching its 
conclusion. In the beautiful June afternoons crowds were thronging 
to Fairmount Park to enjoy the concerts of Birgfeld's popular band. 
The Union League and the fire companies were busy planning for a 
great Fourth of July parade, with banquets and fireworks in the even- 

242 



243 

ing. Meanwhile, the veterans of Hooker's army were expected to force 
back the strenuous gray lines of the enemy within the old battle regions 
so familiar to both armies. But the newspaper dispatches, from day 
to day, told the story of the unchecked advance of Confederate cavalry 
toward the Susquehanna River. 

On June 15th President Lincoln had called for 100,000 militia to 
be mustered into the national service and to serve six months. This 
call was immediately followed by another from Governor Curtin, in 
the course of which he said: "We must be true to the thirty-five thou- 
sand Pennsylvanians who have fallen on the field of battle." Upon the 
following day Mayor Henry summoned business men to close their 
places and arm themselves. 

At the City Arsenal buildings, Broad and Race streets, the rifles, 
cannon, harness, fire-arms, uniforms, equipments, tents and commissary 
utensils, which had been bought and stored by the city, awaited the 
expected rush of volunteers, and as fast as they came, with the proper 
requisitions, they were fitted out and sent to the trains. It was said 
that a full company could be thus metamorphosed from civilians to 
soldiers in half an hour. 

On the 17th and i8th of June many bodies of the city military 
proceeded to Harrisburg. Within the week following nearly all of 
the local militia had gone. Several fine regiments from New York 
and New Jersey (the first of them being the alert "7th" of New York 
city) had traversed the city and were now upon the line of defence. 

It now became evident that somewhere between Hagerstown and 
Philadelphia Lee's seventy thousand veteran fighters must be turned 
back or Philadelphia and probably Baltimore and Washington must 
capitulate. 

Despite the general fear of the people Philadelphia hospitality 
was extended, that week, to a delegation of visiting officials from the 
City of Cincinnati. 

Upon June 29th Mayor Henry again issued an urgent admonition 
to the citizents. He said: "You number more than fifty thousand able- 
bodied men. The means to arm and equip yourselves are at hand. 
Close your manufactories, workshops and stores before the stern neces- 
sity for common safety makes it obligatory. Assemble yourselves forth- 
with for organization and drill. * * * Spurn from you those who 
would delude 3'ou to inactivity or disafifection. * * * Lg^ no one 
refuse to arm who will not be able to justify himself before man and 
God in sight of a desolated hearth or of a dishonored family."* Few 
public utterances of that time were the equal of this stirring call to 

*As he wrote these fiery words the gray cavalry of Jenkins was within sight 
of Harrisburg, and another column of raiders, under Rodes, was assessing York, 
sixty-five miles from Philadelphia, for heavy tribute in shoes, food and money. The 
nearest corps of Hooker's army was forty miles or more distant from the points 
thus reached by the enemy. 



244 

duty. Business was very good in Philadelphia in the summer of 1863. 
A large number of establishments were humming with Government con- 
tracts. General manufacturing, locomotive and shipbuilding, these and 
countless lesser undertakings occupied the earnest attention of a large 
proportion of the "fifty thousand" thus addressed. To literally cease 
from these activities meant heavy loss or ruin to many, but there was a 
rousing response.* 

That day policemen carried enrollment blanks from house to house, 
and those who signed were told to go to Independence Square, where 
the Mayor and the Commanding General awaited them. Here Major- 
Gen. N. J. Dana instructed them how to organize and where to report 
for service, t 

The Evening Bulletin's versatile local historian, "Penn," recurring 
to the stress of the week of Gettysburg, as affecting Philadelphia, says: 

"On the day when Reynolds took his position at Seminary Ridge and began 
the main fight, Governor Curtin was in Philadelphia. He communicated to the 
Philadelphia authorities and to the officers of the Pennsylvania Railroad the 
principal facts concerning the critical conditions at the State capital and the diffi- 
culty of obtaining exact information from the Federal army, now that it was 
on the point of contact with the advancing forces of the Confederates. It was at 
this time that he made his memorable speech from the balcony of the Continental; 
he exhorted all Philadelphians to spring to arms at once, and some men in after 
years recalled it as the most impressive in its earnestness that was heard here 
in the course of the war. This was the speech which produced enough enlist- 
ments during the next ten hours to make at least five regiments. Before nightfall 
the city was in the midst of alarms; all business had come to a standstill, and the 
report that Reynolds had fallen caused, for the moment, a profound depression. 
Some dispirited citizens doubted whether the Governor would be able to get back 
to the Capitol, and the thought of the possibility that it might be necessary to 
set up the State government in Philadelphia entered many minds." 

*Three regiments of Maine troops whose enlistments of nine months had 
expired arrived in Philadelphia, homeward bound, on July ist, 1863. While dining 
at the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon the Rev. Thomas Brainerd and 
others appealed to them to remain here and assist in the defence of the city. They 
were offered, upon the part of the city authorities, fifty dollars each if they would 
stay ten days. A minority of the men and nearly all of the officers were willing 
to do so, but the majority refused and all finally departed northward. "Life of Rev. 
Thomas Brainerd." 

fThe points designated as rendezvous for citizen volunteers were Commis- 
sioners' Hall, at Thirteenth and Spring Garden streets ; the City Armory, Broad 
street, below Race street; the Market House, at Twenty-second and Spring Garden 
streets, and Commissioners' Hall, at Thirty-seventh and Market streets. A stirring 
instance of the answer made by the people was the appearance of one hundred 
workmen at Independence Hall, demanding immediate enrollment. These men were 
employed at the establishment of S. V. Merrick & Sons, then engaged upon ma- 
chinery for war ships. At this great plant upon Washington Avenue three com- 
panies of armed and uniformed infantry from the working force were maintained 
by the firm. The volunteers thus mentioned were promptly sworn in, sent to 
Harrisburg and became Company K of the 31st Regiment Emergency Infantry. 



LOCAL DEFENCES OF 1863 



AS a measure of protection against the threatened advance of 
the Confederates upon Philadelphia in June, 1863, a Committee 
of Defence was authorized by City Councils to establish a num- 
ber of redoubts commanding the principal approaches. The po- 
sitions of these earthworks were determined by officers of the United 
States Coast Survey.* They were placed as follows : On the south side 
of Chestnut street, east of the junction of Darby road; upon the east 
side of the Schuylkill River, near the U. S. Arsenal; on the west side 
of the Schuylkill River, below Gray's Ferry bridge; at the east end 
of Girard avenue bridge; at Hestonville, near Lancaster avenue, and 
on School House lane, near Ridge road. 

The total cost of these defences, as shown by the records of the 
City Controller, was $51,537.37. The largest of these works, located 
at the Falls of the Schuylkill and known as "Fort Dana," was created 
by the gas-works force, and cost only $3,559.47.! 

As far as known no guns were mounted, as the danger ended with 
the battle of Gettysburg. Several of the redoubts remained for a num- 
ber of years after the war, as reminders of the strenuous, and, as some 
critics thought, ridiculous, labors of the excited public of the time. 



ORGANIZING FOR DEFENCE 



THERE was no sufficient interval of time between the call of the 
President, upon June 15th, and the clash of the opposed armies 
at Gettysburg to carry through the plan of an organized force 
of men enlisted to serve six months. The companies report- 
ing at Camp Curtin were, therefore, formed upon either an "emergency" 
basis (these troops becoming temporarily a part of the National force) 
or upon an enlistment of ninety-day militia, the latter serving as State 

*The officer in immediate charge of the work was Richard Meade Bache, of 
Philadelphia. 

fReaders interested in the Civil War chronicles of the old 21st Ward, cover- 
ing the Ridge Road Camps and including the Falls of Schuylkill, Manayunk and 
Roxborough districts, will find the military history of those sections, prepared by 
Dr. Charles K. Mills, both accurate and comprehensive. It was printed in serial 
form in the Weekly Forecast, published by Ernest E. Carwardine, at the Falls of 
the Schuylkill, during the summer of 1913. It is on file at the library of the His- 
torical Society of Pennsylvania. 

245 



246 

troops. The newly created "Department of the Susquehanna" had been 
placed under the command of Major-Gen. Darius N. Couch, U. S. A., 
with headquarters at Harrisburg. The handling of the constantly arriv- 
ing militia and volunteers was in his charge. 

After the battle of Gettysburg the 36th Regiment, ninety-day militia, 
was sent to that place, and Col. H. C. Alleman was appointed Military 
Governor, with other organizations in, his command. His duty was to 
forward wounded and prisoners and gather property from the field. In 
his report he stated that, in addition to a great amount of war material, 
he had collected from camps and field hospitals twelve thousand and sixty- 
one wounded Union soldiers, six thousand one hundred and ninety-seven 
wounded Confederates, three thousand and six Confederate prisoners 
and large numbers of stragglers. In this work the 51st Regiment, Col. 
Oliver Hopkinson, assisted.* 

The rapid concentration of the scattered divisions of Hooker by his 
successor, Meade, in the pathway of Lee's army was a surprise to the 
enemy, and the assemblage of fifty thousand emergency soldiery in re- 
serve was a phenomenon, t Although but one militia regiment had a 
part in the battle, the moral effect caused by the gathering of the emer- 
gency militia greatly impressed the Southern people and their Northern 
allies everywhere.:): 

Among the many companies formed for local defence or emergency 
service in June and July, 1863, were the following: 

The Bridesburg Guard, composed chiefly of employees of Alfred Jenks & Son, 
Lieutenant Colonel Barton H. Jenks. This fine Battalion made its own muskets 
and was uniformed by its commander. 

Independent Artillery Company, veterans of the Naval Home. 

Gymnast City Guard, Captain Hillebrand. This was the fourth Gymnast 
Company raised by this officer. 

Independent Infantry Militia, composed of workmen at the Navy Yard. 

Independent Battery, Light Artillery Militia, composed of workmen at the 
Navy Yard. Captain Wells, U. S. A. 

Independent Company of Minute Men from the Baptist churches. 

*The official report of Major-Gen. Meade, November, 1863, of the battle of 
Gettysburg, indicates the capture of 3 guns, 41 standards, 24,978 small arms and 
13,621 prisoners. Union losses were 2,834 killed, 13,709 wounded, 6,643 missing. 

fThe State of Pennsylvania furnished for the summer campaign of 1863 
thirty-four regiments enlisted for ninety days and about five thousand emergency 
men in separate companies and battalions. Very few of these troops died in 
action or from wounds, but one hundred and twelve died from sickness. 

$0n the 26th of June a militia regiment, which had been recruited and sent to 
Gettysburg from Camp Cur tin and designated the 26th Emergency Infantry, com- 
manded by Col. W. W. Jennings, had been marched out the Chambersburg pike to 
delay, if possible, the Confederate advance. This command, numbering 743 men, 
encountered a battalion of White's (Confederate) Cavalry four miles from Gettys- 
burg. One hundred and seventy-six of the regiment were captured and paroled. The 
cavalry was finally repulsed and the 26th marched to Harrisburg. Ex-Governor 
Samuel W. Pennypacker was a private in this regiment (page 764, "Pennsylvania 
at Gettysburg," Vol. 2). 



247 

Independent Company Militia from First Presbyterian Church. 

Independent City Guards, Capt. William Milward. 

Franklin Guards, composed of clerks in the offices of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road and Philadelphia and Reading Railway Companies. 

Merrick Guards, from the machine works of Merrick & Sons. On duty at 
Harrisburg and at Cumberland, Maryland. 

Independent Co., Infantry MiHtia, William Penn Hose Co. 

Hatters' Guards, Capt. Isaac WiUiams (attached to the Merchants' Regiment). 

Schuylkill Arsenal Company, Capt. W. H. Gray. 

Russell Light Infantry, Col. William Mayer. 

Pennsylvania Veterans (76 soldiers of 1812). 

Norris Rifles, Carnell's iron foundry. 

Pennsylvania Railroad employees, from Washington Avenue wharf, Capt. 
John Whittaker. 

United States Mint Company. 

Germantown Home Guard, Capt. Marks J. Biddle. 

Falls of Schuylkill Company, Capt. John Dobson. 

Engineer Corps, students of the Polytechnic College. (Attached to the 3d 
Regiment Home Guard, on duty at Dupont Powder Works, Wilmington, Del.) 

National League Rifles. Capt. G. C. Steinbach. 

Wissahickon Cavalry, Capt. Samuel W. Comly. 



EMERGENCY MILITIA FROM PHILADELPHIA, 1863 



TWENTIETH REGIMENT MILITIA, INFANTRY. 

CoLONEi/ William B. Thomas. 

971 Officers and Men. 

This command was formed from the 3d Regiment of the Philadelphia Home 
Guard Brigade. It was composed largely of attaches of the Philadelphia Custom 
House. It had served as the 20th Regiment, Emergency Militia, in the Antietam 
campaign of 1862. The regiment was mustered into the United States service 
upon June 17th, 1863, and assigned to guard duty along the Northern Central Rail- 
road, near York, from which it was forced back by the Confederates at Wrights- 
ville, Pa. The "20th" joined the "27th" under Col. Jacob G. Frick, the First 
Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry and some other commands there fortifying. Having 
no artillery, after an engagement Col. Frick's force was obliged to retreat across 
the Susquehanna river to Columbia, burning the bridge behind it* The "20th" 
was mustered out upon August loth, 1863. In the following year the regiment again 
served for one hundred days as the I92d Infantry Militia, and finally, in 1865, as 
the I92d Regiment Infantry Volunteers, under an enlistment of one year. 

*Historical Sketch, First Troop Philadelphia .City Cavalry. 

THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT MILITIA INFANTRY. 

Colonel John Newkumet. 

716 Officers and Men. 

Companies A, B, C, E and K from Philadelphia. 

Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg, June 30th, 1863. Discharged 
August 8th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna. 



^4^ 

Company K of this regiment, Capt. James B. German, was composed of work- 
men from the establishment of S. V. Merrick & Sons. 

THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT MILITIA INFANTRY (BLUE RESERVES). 

Colonel William W. Taylor. 

654 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg June 26th, 1863. Discharged 
August 4th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna. This regiment 
was generally known as the "Blue Reserves," of the Reserve Brigade. Many of 
Its members had served in the 8th Regiment, emergency troops of September, 1862. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY MILITIA INFANTRY. 

Captain William B. Mann. 

100 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service at Harrisburg June 17th, 1863. Discharged 
July 24th, 1863. Service in the Department of the Susquehanna. This was the first 
command from Philadelphia to reach Harrisburg in response to the call of the Gov- 
ernor, in June, 1863. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY MILITIA INFANTRY. 
Captain John Spear. 
96 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service June 17th, 1863. Discharged July 21st, 1863. 
Service in Department of the Susquehanna. This command was known as the 
"Henry Guards," and was composed of members of the Philadelphia police force. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY INFANTRY MILITIA. 

Captain Thomas E. Campbell. 

150 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service July 2d, 1863. Discharged September r6th, 
1S63. On duty in Department of the Susquehanna. 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY INFANTRY MILITIA. 
Captain William F. Rich. 
100 Officers and Men. 
Mustered into United States service June 29th, 1863. Discharged July 8th, 1863. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY MILITIA LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain Henry D. Landis. 

108 Officers and Men. 

Originally recruited by Captain Clement Biddle as Company A, Home Guard 
Regiment of Artillery. This battery was in the field for a short time during the 
Antietam emergency. It was mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg 
upon June 19th, 1863, "for the emergency." The battery was effectively engaged 
in actions at Sporting Hill, a few miles west of Harrisburg, upon June 30th, and 
at Carlisle, July ist, when in the early evening the town was shelled by the Con- 
federates. Mustered out July 30th, 1863. 



OEFKMCE 



OF THE 



tity IF mmmi 




dee of the Mayor of the City of Philadelpliia. 

BY VIRTUE OF THE AUTHORITY vested in me, by the Act of the General Assenihly 
of the Commonvrealth of Pennsylvania, entitled, "An Act relating to the Home Guard of the City of 
Philadelphia, Approved the Sixteenth day of May Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty one. 

I do hereby require Brigadier General A. J. PLEASONTON, f'oniiiian<ler of the HOME 
GUARD, to order out (and into the ser^^ce of the City of PhiladelphiiO THE WHOLE OF THE SAID GUARD, 
for the preserv ation of the publio peace AND THE DEFENCE OF THE CITY. And I liereby 
call upon all persons within the limits of the said City, to yiehl a PROMPT AND READY OBEDIENCE to the 
Orders of the said Commander of the HOME GUARD, and of those actine under his authority' in 
the execution of his and their said duties. 

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused' the Corporate Seal of the City 
of Philadelphia, to be affixed, this sixteenth day of June, A. D., one thousand eight hundred and 
sixty-three. 

ALEXANDER HENRY, 

Mayor of Philadelphia. 

BEFORE GETTYSBURG, THE HOME GUARD ON DUTY. 
(From a war time poster.) 



HEAD-QUARTERS, HOME GUARD, CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, 

June 16th, 1863. 
Under the authority of an Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 
entitled " An Act relating to the Home Guard of the City* of Philadelphia," approved the sixteenth 
day of May, Anno Domini, one thousand eight hundred and si\ty-one, and of the requirement of tlie 
HON. ALEXANDER HENRY, Mayor of the City made pursuant thereto, and hereto prefixed, 
the undersigned assumes the duties "FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE PUBLIC PEACE AND THE DEFENCE OF THE CITY." 
He invites the support and eo-«peration of hi§ fellow-citizens, and of all the Authorities, 
National, State and Municipal, ia the performance of bis responsible duties. 



A. J. PLEASONTON, 



Wm. BRADFORD Brigadier General Commanding in Philadelphia 

Assistant Aiyutant General - e.v»fiH>-i„ 



StTMt. PbJIldrlptuA. 




AT FIFTH AND CHESTNUT STREETS, JUNE, 1863. 
(From Frank Leslie's Weekly.) 



249 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY MILITIA LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

Captain E. Spencer Mii<i<er. 

102 Officers and Men. 

Having been mustered into the United States service upon June 19th, 1863, 
"for the emergency," this battery was forwarded from Harrisburg to Chambersburg 
with a column under Brigadier-General Joseph F. Knipe. Retreating before the 
superior numbers of the enemy to Carlisle, the command was engaged in disputing 
the approach of Swell's Confederates toward Harrisburg. At Oyster Point, a few 
miles west from the State capital, the battery with its infantry support turned back 
the invading column. This affair, upon June 28th, 1863, was the most northerly point 
of conflict in the Civil War. The battery was mustered out July 25th, 1863. 

FIRST TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALRY. 

Captain Samuei, J. Randali,. 

75 Officers and Men. 

With thousands of soldiers hastening to the Susquehanna river, the "First 
Troop" entrained upon June i8th, 1863, at Mantua and proceeded to Harris- 
burg. Two days later the troop was engaged in scouting upon the roads in the 
vicinity of Gettysburg, encountering, at several points, advance parties of the 
enemy. As the Confederates increased in force the Union advance retreated. The 
troop passed through York to Columbia, but again recrossed the bridge at that 
point, and after a skirmish with the enemy retreated, with the small Union force 
present, across the Susquehanna. A detail of four troopers set fire to the bridge, 
which was almost entirely destroyed. Upon the 2d a detachment of the troop 
crossed the river upon scows and rode to York, there learning of the battle of 
Gettysburg. From July i6th to 30th the troop was upon provost duty at Phila- 
delphia.* 



NINETY=DAY MILITIA FROM PHILADELPHIA, 1863t 



THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA NINETY-DAY MILITIA 
(GRAY RESERVES), 1863. GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 

C01.0NEL Charles Somers Smith. 
894 Offiers and Men. 

The ist Regiment, Infantry Militia (Gray Reserves) reported at Harrisburg 
upon the evening of June i8th, 1863. Mustered June 26th, the "ist" became, for 
the time being, the "32d" Regiment, Ninety-Day Militia, United States Service. 
The command assisted in the defence of Harrisburg, at Fort Washington, upon 
the high western shore of the Susquehanna river. The "32d" reached CarHsle upon 

*The expense borne by the troop in this campaign for equipping and other 
essentials was $6,500. 

fAll the Ninety-Day regiments of militia of 1863 were mustered into the 
United States service "for the defence of the State of Pennsylvania." 



250 

the evening of July ist, 1863, accompanied by Landis' Battery, being subjected to 
an artillery fire for several hours from a Confederate battery. One casualty 
occurred in the "32d." Private Charles W. Colladay, of Company D, was fatally 
wounded by the fragment of a shell. This soldier is said to have been killed at a 
point farther north than where any other Union volunteer fell during the war. 
None of the Philadelphia troops of the "Ninety-Day" enlistment were present 
at Gettysburg. The "32d" was ordered, with the brigade of Gen. Brisbane, upon 
a tour of the South Mountain, in Maryland, and the lower Shenandoah Valley, 
returning to Philadelphia upon July 27th, where the command was mustered out 
August 1st. 

FORTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel Alfred M. Day. 

700 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg, July 1st, 1863. Dis- 
charged, August 3d-4th, 1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This com- 
mand was known as the "First Coal Trade Regiment.' 

The Coal Trade of Philadelphia uniformed and armed the 40th and Sist Regi- 
ments of 1863, and paid a bounty of $25.00 to each recruit. 

FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel Enos Woodward. 

1,000 Officers and Men. 

Mustered in the United States service July ist., 1863. Discharged August 27th, 
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This command was designated 
"The Merchants* Regiment." 

FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel James T. Clancy. 

Mustered into United States service July ist, 1863. Discharged, August 29th, 
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This command was designated the 
"First Union League Regiment." 

FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel Alexander Murphy. 
950 Officers and Men. 

Company A and part of Company B from Washington Grays, Company E 
from Luzerne, Pa. ; Company K from Lancaster. Mustered into the United States 
Service July 14th, 1863. Discharged September 2d-3d, 1863. On duty Department 
of the Susquehanna. (Second Corn Exchange Regiment.) 

FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel Oliver Hopkinson. 

783 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service July 3d, 1863. Discharged September 2d, 
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. This regiment was ordered to 
Gettysburg following the battle, and assisted in the work of removing the wounded, 
burying the dead and guarding the military material left upon the field. This com- 
mand was known as the "Second Coal Trade Regiment." 



251 

FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

CoLONEiv William A. Gray. 

716 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into the United States service July 9th, 1863. Discharged September 
1st, 1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Second 
Union League Regiment." 

FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel George P. McLean. 

718 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service July ist, 1863. Discharged September 9th, 
1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Third Union 
Leagi>e Regiment." 

SIXTIETH REGIMENT INFANTRY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Colonel William F. Small. 
361 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service June 19th, 1863. Discharged September 
8th, 1863. On duty at Philadelphia. This command was known as the "Victualers' 
Regiment." 

INDEPENDENT COMPANY CAVALRY, PENNSYLVANIA NINETY-DAY 

MILITIA. 

Captain Richard W. Hammell. 
104 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service July 2d, 1863. Discharged September i6th, 
1863. On duty in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. This command was known 
as the "Dana Troop," and was organized largely from late members of the "An- 
derson" Cavalry, under the direction of a committee of the Union League. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Captain Benoni Frishmuth. 

104 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service June 26th, 1863. Discharged August ist, 
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY LIGHT ARTILLERY, NINETY-DAY MILITIA. 

Captain Edward FiTzki. 

143 Officers and Men. 

Mustered into United States service July 6th, 1863. Discharged August 24th, 
1863. On duty Department of the Susquehanna. 



MONUMENTS, MARKERS AND TABLETS AT GETTYSBURG 

Indicating positions of Philadelphia Regiments and Batteries. 
INFANTE'S 



2d Res. 
12th Res. 
23 
26 
27 
27 
28 
28 
29 
29 
56 
61 
68 
68 
69 
69 

71 

72 
72 
73 
74 
74 
75 
75 
81 
82 



90 
90 
90 
90 

91 

95 
98 
98 
99 
99 
106 
106 
106 
109 
110 

114 
114 
115 
116 
118 
118 
118 
119 
119 
121 
121 
147 
147 

150 
150 



Location. 



McCandless .1 

Fisher (9 companies) 

Shaler : 

Carr ' 

Coster I 

do 

Candy I 

do I 



Kane- 



-do- 



Cutler (9 companies).! 

Neill i 

Graham j 

do I 

Webb J 

do i 



do 

IllllldoIIIIIIIIIIIII" 

Coster. 

Amsberg i 

do 

Krzyzanowski 

do.-.. 

Cross 

Shaler 

Baxter.. 

do 

"II"do""-II-I"I"I 
do... 

Weed 

Bartlett 

Nevin 

do 

Ward . 

do 

Webb J 

do.. 

do 



Kane 

De Trobriand (6 com 

panics) 

Graham 

do 

Burling 

Kelly (4 companies). j 

Tilton 

do.. 

do.. 

Russell 

.do 
Biddle 

-do. 

Candy (8 companies) 
Candy, 



Ayres ave.. East Wheat Field. 

Big Round Top. 

Slocum ave., North Culp's Hill. 

Emmitsburg road. North of Sickles ave. 

Coster ave. 

East Cemetery Hill. 

Slocum ave. , North Culp's Hill. 

(Marker) Rock Creek, east of Culp's Hill. 

Slocum ave., North Gulp's Hill. 

Slocum ave.. South Culp's Hill. 

North Reynolds ave. 

Neill ave.. Wolf Hill. 

Peach Orchard. 

Wheat Field road, opposite Peach Orchard. 

Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle. 

(Company markers) Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The 

Angle. 
Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle. 
Webb ave.. Stone Fence, The Angle. 
Webb ave., north of Copse of Trees. 
East Cemetery Hill. 
West Howard ave. 
(Markers) National Cemetery. 
East Howard ave. 
National Cemetery. 
Sickles ave.. Wheat Field. 
Slocum ave.. North Culp's Hill. 
Doubleday ave.. Oak Ridge. 
(Marker) Forney Field, Oak Ridge. 
(Marker) North Hancock ave., Ziegler's Grore. 
(Marker) South Hancock ave. 
Doubleday ave.. Oak Ridge. 
North Hancock ave., Ziegler's Grove. 
(Boulder) South Hancock ave. 
(Howell Tablet) Chambersburg Street Lutheran 

Church. 
Sykes ave.. Summit Little Round Top. 
Wheat Field road, north of Valley of Death. 
Field north of Valley of Death. 
Sykes ave., north slope Little Round Top. 
Sickles ave.. Devil's Den Hill. 
North Hancock ave. 
Hancock ave., near Copse of Trees. 
Emmitsburg road. Codori Buildings. 
(Marker) East Cemetery Hill. 
Slocum ave.. South Culp's Hill. 

Brooke ave., southwest of Wheat Field. 

Emmitsburg road. Sherfy House. 

Central Hancock ave.. east of The Angle. 

Brooke ave.. South Wheat Field. 

Sickles ave., at The Loop. 

Sickles ave., at The Loop (first position). 

(Marker) Wheat Field road (second position). 

North slope of Round Top (third position). 

Howe ave., east of Round Top. 

North slope of Round Top. 

South Reynolds ave. 

Central Hancock ave. 

Geary ave.. South Culp's Hill. 

(Marker) Sykes ave., north slope of Little Round 

Top. 
Stone ave., McPherson Ridge. 
Central Hancock ave. 



252 



253 

CAVALRY 



Begiment. 



Brigade. 



Corps. 



Provost guard General 

Head- 
quarters. 

Mcintosh Cavalry. 

.do do 



Merritt 

Companies E and I— 



Huey 

Gregg, J. Irvin. 
Farnsworth 



...do 

General 
Head- 
quarters. 
Cavalry. 

...do 

...do 



Location. 



Meade ave. 



Gregg ave.. East Cavalry battlefield. 

Marker on Low Dutch road, extreme right, Army 

of the Potomac. 
Emmitsburg road, I14 miles south of Peach Orchard. 
Meade ave., Meade's Headquarters. 



Pleasanton ave. 

Deardorff Farm, on right flank. 

Confederate ave., Bushman Woods. 



ARTILLERY 


Battery. 


Commander. 


Corps. 


Location. 


1 (F and G) 


Ricketts 


Reserve... 
12 
12 


East Cemetery Hill. 

Slocum ave.. North Culp's Hill. 

Powers' Hill. 




E 




(Section.) 


E. 







MARKERS OF BRIGADES, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC (INDICATING 
POSITIONS OF BRIGADES, WHICH INCLUDED PHILADELPHIA 
TROOPS). 

INFANTRY 



Brigade. 


Divi- 
sion. 


Corps. Commander. 

t 


Location. 


2 


1 

2 
3 
3 

1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3 
1 
1 
3 
3 
2 
3 
2 


1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
3 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
11 
22 
12 


Butler 


North Reynolds ave. 


2 




Doubleday ave., north end. 

Reynolds ave., south of Springs road. 

Stone ave., north end. 


1. ... 


Biddle 


2 


Stone 

Cross- 

Kelly 


1 


Ayres ave. , center. 


9 


Sickles ave.. near The Loop. 
Hancock ave., at The Angle. 


2 


Webb 

Ward 

DeTrobriand 

Carr 







3. 


Sickles ave., Wheatfleld. 


1 

3 


Sickles ave., near north end. 


3 


Weed... .- .- ... 


Sykes ave.. Little Round Top. 

Ayres ave., Center. 

Wheatfleld road, near Plum Run. 


1 


McCandless 

Bartlett-. 


2 


3 


Russell 




2 


Eustis 




3.. 


Nevin 

Coster 

Krzyzanowski 

Kane 


Lane, north of Crawford ave. 


1 


Coster ave., center. 


2 


Howard ave., east of Carlisle road. 


9 


Slocum ave., north end Geary ave. 





CAVALRY 



Brigade. 


Divi- 
sion. 


Corps. 


Commander. 


Location. 




1 
2 
2 
2 
3 


Cavalry.. 
Cavalry.. 
Cavalry.. 
Cavalry- 
Cavalry.. 


Merritt 


Emmitsburg road, South Cavalry Field. 


1 


Mcintosh 


East Cavalry battlefield. 


2 


Pleasanton ave. 


3. . 


,T I. Gregg . . 


Near Hanover road. East Cavalry battlefield. 


1 


Famsworth 


Section 6, Confederate ave. 









254 




^ 81s -^'^ - . 



llOtfk 



^. 



)tbi 



UlZlhi I 



/Skt' 



Location of Monuments 

placed upon 

Gettysburg Battlefield 

by 

Philadelphia 

Regiments and Batteries 



% 



«s. 




255 



MONUMENTS AND MARKERS ERECTED BY THE GETTYSBURG 
NATIONAL PARK COMMISSION. 

Brevet Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson, Chairman. 

Army of the Potomac Monument, Hancock Avenue, at the Angle. 

coeps or the aemt op the potomac 



Corps. 



1 

2 

3 

5 

6 

11 

12 

Cavalry 



Doubleday. 

Hancock 

Sickles 

Sykes 

Sedgwick... 

Howard 

Slocum 

Pleasonton 



Location. 



Reynolds ave., south of Chambersburg pike. 
Hancock ave., north of Meade ave. 
Peach Orchard, northwest corner. 
Little Round Top, north slope. 
Sedgwick ave., north of center. 
Howard ave., west of Carlisle road. 
Slocum ave., south slope Culp's Hill. 
Pleasanton ave. 



DIVISIONS, ARMY OF THE POTOMAC 



Division. 


Corps. 


Commander. 


Location. 


1 


1 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3 

3 

5 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

11 

11 

11 

12 

12 

Cavalry.. 

do 


Wadsworth 


Reynolds ave., north of Chambersburg pike. 


2 


Robinson 


Robinson ave. , center. 


3 


Reynolds ave., north of Springs road. 


1 


Caldwell 

Gibbon . -j 


Hancock ave.. south of center. 


2 


Hancock ave., center. 


3 


Hays -. 

Birney 

Humphreys - 


Hancock ave. 


1 

2 


Peach Orchard, northwest corner. 
Do. 


2 


Barnes 


Sickles ave., south of Emmitsburg road. 


1 


Sickles ave., south of Wheatfleld road. 


2 


Ayres 


Knoll east of Ayres ave. 


3 


Crawford ave., near Plum Run. 


1 


Wright J 

Howe 

Wheaton j 


Sedgwick ave. , south of center. 


2 


Howe ave. 


3 


Sedgwick ave. 


1 . 


Howard ave., foot of Barlow Knoll. 


2 




Baltimore pike, opposite National Cemetery Gate. 


3 


Schurz 

Ruger 

Geary 


Howard ave., west of Mummasburg road. 


1 


Slocum ave., south section. 


2 


Slocum ave., south of center. 


1 


Buford J 

Gregg - . 


Reynolds ave., near Reynolds Woods. 


2 


East Cavalry Field, on Gregg ave. 


3 


..do 


Kilpatrick 

Tyler . 


Section 6, Bushman's Woods. 




Artillery 
Reserve. 


South end, Pleasanton ave. 



ARMY AF THE POTOMAC ITINERARY TABLETS. 



Nine bronze tablets, Baltimore pike, front of 


Iron tablets— Continued: 




East Cemetery Hill. 


June 30 and July 3, 1863, 


Manchester. Md. 


Iron tablets: 


July 1, 1863, Emmitsburg, 


Md. 


Jtme 29, 1863, Uniontown, Md. 


July 1 and 7. 1863, Two 


Taverns, Pa. 


June 29, 1863, Middleburg, Md. 


July 2, 1863. Hunterstown 


Pa. 


June 29 and July 3, 1863, Westminster, Md. 


July 5, 1863. Littlestown, 


Pa. 


June 30 and July 1. 1863, Hanover, Pa. 


July 6, 1863. Fairfield. Pa 




June 30 and July 1, 1863, Taneytown, Md. 







256 

OTHER MONUMENTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO PHILADELPHIANS. 

The National Monument National Cemetery. 

Pennsylvania Memorial Hancock avenue (south section). 

Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, Memorial. . National Cemetery. 

"High Water Mark", (bronze book) Hancock avenue (copse of trees). 

Maj.-Gen. George Gordon Meade Eques- 
trian Statue Near High Water Mark. 

Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock Eques- 
trian Statue East Cemetery Hill. 

Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds Equestrian 

Statue Chambersburg Pike, McPherson Ridge. 

Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds, statue. .. National Cemetery. 

Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds (killed) . . Marker, Reynolds Grove. 

Col. C. Fred. Taylor (killed) Marker, Ayres avenue. 

Headquarters, Major-Gen. George Gordon 

Meade Meade avenue and Taneytown Road. 

Gregg's Cavalry Division, Monumental 

Shaft East Cavalry battlefield. 

U. S. Regulars' Monument Hancock avenue, south of High Water 

Mark. 



GETTYSBURG— I9I3 



IN the week beginning Sunday, June 30th, 
1913, forty thousand survivors of the 
Union armies met eleven thousand Con- 
federate veterans, sharing with them, in 
peace and amity, in the semi-centennial celebra- 
tion of the Battle at Gettysburg. It was an 
event unique in the history of human affairs. 
As a renewed affirmation of the principle of 
national sovereignty, as superior to that of any 
subordinate part, by a now invincible free people, 
it was of world-wide importance. Conceding all 
honor and valor to the veterans of the Southern 
cause, conceding nothing at variance with the 
immortal sentences spoken there by Abraham 
Lincoln, the soldiers of the North took the gray 
Confederates to their hearts and together they 
wrote a new and enduring pact and sealed it 
with the red seal of that field of fields; and 
where these men, once armed enemies, now com- 
rades under one flag, stood face to face, their aged bodies young once 
more with patriotic ecstasy, a great temple will arise, and on its walls 
of marble and bronze will be recited the last chapter of the story which 




257 

began at Sumter. Those who were thus briefly gathered must soon pass 
to their eternal bivouac, but centuries hence the message to posterity 
here and then written will stir the souls and inspire the united action 
of all patriots when our country is endangered from abroad or threatened 
by dictators from within. 



SEMICENTENNIAL REUNION AT GETTYSBURG, JULY 1st 
TO JULY 4th, 1913 



THE movement which culminated in the great and impressive 
gathering of Union and Confederate veterans upon the field 
of Gettysburg, in celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the 
battle at that place, originated at a meeting of citizens of 
Gettysburg invited by Col. John P. Nicholson, Chairman of the U. S. 
Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, held for the discussion of the pro- 
ject on the evening of September 8th, 1908. At a subsequent meeting 
held in the Court House a local committee was organized. 

The Fiftieth Anniversary Commission of the Battle of Gettysburg 
was created by the Pennsylvania Legislature pursuant to an enactment 
adopted May 13th, 1909. 

The Pennsylvania Legislature appropriated the sum of $150,000 for 
the purposes of the celebration and the United States Government pro- 
vided a like sum. The details of the preparatory work and the main- 
tenance of the Camp were under the control of the War Department. 
Subsistence was furnished by the State of Pennsylvania. Representa- 
tive veterans of nearly all of the States attended the several meetings of 
the Pennsylvania Commission, their reports resulting in appropriations 
by the several Commonwealths, with few exceptions, providing for the 
cost of transportation of veterans to the celebration and return to their 
homes. The officers of the United States Army detailed to establish 
the camp, the Pennsylvania Commission, the Commissions of the other 
States, the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, the Grand Army of the 
Republic, the Confederate veteran associations and the citizens of 
Gettysburg co-operated in a common purpose, to make the event memor- 
able. 

The number of veterans of the two armies who were gathered here 
during the week of beginning June 29th, 1913, is estimated to have been 
55,000. Many thousands of civilians were also attracted to the field. 
The detail of four troops of the 15th U. S. Cavalry posted here for 
guard duty was materially assisted in the care and guidance of the old 

17 



258 

soldiers by a large detachment of boy-scouts from Philadelphia and by 
a portion of the State police force. An extensive system of field 
hospitals so thoroughly safeguarded the aged guests of the State and 
nation that the number of deaths during the week (nine) was below the 
normal average. The railroads transported the vast assemblage to and 
fro with but little delay and without accident. 

The members of the Battle of Gettysburg Commission at the date 
of the encampment were Col. J. M. Schoonmaker, Chairman; Brevet 
Brig.-Gen. William D. Dixon, Brevet Col. R. Bruce Ricketts, Corporal 
Irvin K. Campbell, Capt. William E. Miller, Capt. George F. Baer, Capt. 
John P. Green; Secretary, Lieut.-Col. Lewis E. Beitler. 

Of the original Commission Col. Lewis T. Brown, Adjt. William 
Penn Lloyd and Major Alexander McDowell died before the period 
of the celebration. Gen. Louis Wagner, the first chairman, Capt. 
J. Richards Boyle, D.D., the first Secretary, and Gen. R. Dale Benson 
resigned. 

The vast encampment was planned by Brevet Lieut.-Col. Emmor B. 
Cope, Engineer U. S. Commission. It was established ready for occu- 
pancy by Major James E. Normoyle, U. S. A., and Capt. H. F. Dalton, 
U. S. A., of the Quartermaster's Department. The U. S. Cavalry was 
in command of Major Charles O. Rhoades, U. S. A. 




Lincoln's Gettysburg Address Memorial 



JULY 4th, 1863 



F I ^HE late Henry Armitt Brown, Esq., speaking ten years after 
I the event, thus described the suspense of the people of Phila- 
fl delphia while awaiting messages from the scene of conflict on 
July 4th, 1863. 

"It was the Nation's birthday, but there was no rejoicing. No sounds filled the 
streets save the rattling of the hurrying wagons and the rapid tramp of marching 
men. The frightened women gathered in the houses and 'muttered with white 
lips.' Men talked on the corners in hushed and anxious crowds. The air grew 
sultry and still. Suspense hung over all as in that breathless moment before the 
breaking of a storm. Sullenly the great sun sank behind the western hills round 
as a shield and as red as blood. Men hurried to their homes, but not to sleep. On a 
sudden there came a sound. Like the rushing of the cooling breeze it grew louder 
and more loud. The people ran into the streets to clasp each other by the hand. 
The clamor of many voices rose into the air as wild crowds jostled to and fro, 
with shouts and rejoicing, only half knowing why. Then, from yon ancient steeple, 
rang out the long familiar bell. The whole city was frenzied with delight. Rousing 
herself, Philadelphia held her breath to hear how our own Meade had stood like a 
lion between her and the foe as the wave of rebellion broke into spray and receded 
from the heights of Gettysburg." 

Far westward, among Pennsylvania's hills, the red sun went down. 
In the stillness of a deserted battlefield men with lanterns and litters 
were busy garnering the winrows of death. Slowly the long trains, 
heavy with shattered survivors of yesterday, crept hitherward, and on 
the morrow Philadelphia knew the price of her defence. 



THE ELLETS AND THE MISSISSIPPI RAM FLEET 



CHARLES M. ELLET, Jr., of Philadelphia, was, prior to the 
Civil War, a civil engineer. Two of his important achievements 
were the construction of the once famous wire bridge across the 
Schuylkill River at Fairmount and the first suspension bridge at 
Niagara Falls. To his fertile mind was due the idea of employing ram 
steamers upon the Mississippi River and its tributaries for the purpose 
of destroying the inland navy of the enemy. He argued the project so 
strongly at Washington that he was given a commission as colonel of 
engineers in March, 1862, in order to try the experiment. At Pittsburgh 
and other points on the Ohio River he rebuilt nine steamers. A portion 
of the several crews were enlisted in Philadelphia. Detachments of 

259 



26o 

sharpshooters were also placed upon the boats, these being volunteers from 
Illinois regiments under the command of Capt. Alfred M. Ellet. Col. 
Ellet was mortally wounded in a brilliant naval battle at Memphis, June 
6th, 1862. His son, Charles Rivers Ellet, a young physician, then became 
fleet commander, acting under orders of Admiral Farragut. The vicissi- 
tudes of the service undermined his health and he died at Bunker Hill, 
III, October 29th, 1863, in his twenty-first year. Father and son rest in 
Laurel Hill Cemetery. To their bravery and resource was largely due the 
end of Confederate power on the lower Mississippi River.* 



PHILADELPHIA COMPANIES ENLISTED IN REGIMENTS OF 

OTHER STATES 




T a period when it became necessary to enforce drafts in order 
to fill quotas, serious differences existed between the city au- 
thorities and the Government officials, stationed in Philadel- 
phia, with regard to the credits due the city upon the numbers 
of men already serving in the national armies. Apropos of this, a special 
committee of Councils, of which Joseph Sites was chairman (in charge 
of the City Relief Fund for the families of soldiers), reported: "We are 
furnishing relief to about two thousand families of soldiers enlisted in 
other States. As the average of those seeking relief is one in three, it 
is estimated that six thousand Philadelphia men are thus serving in regi- 
ments of other States." 

In the early summer of 1861 notices of the departure of detach- 
ments of men for New York City and elsewhere outside of the State 
of Pennsylvania were very frequent in the Philadelphia papers. Ardent 
seekers for military glory, witnessing the march of New York troops 
through the city, hastened to offer their services where there seemed 
a better prospect of getting to the front. Officers of local companies, 
tired of delay in the process of acceptance and muster here, took their 
men where they were eagerly accepted. Philadelphia was already a 
fertile ground for recruiting agents from adjoining States and continued 
to be so until it finally became unlawful for outside agents to pick up 
recruits in this community, t 

*The Mississippi Marine Brigade, afterward organized to patrol the western 
rivers, was a separate force of 2,000 men manning a fleet of eight vessels commanded 
by Gen. Alfred M. Ellet. (History of the Nat. Asso. of Naval Veterans, Simmons.) 

tBy an ordinance of Councils dated July 14th, 1864. the Mayor was authorized 
to enforce in the city an Act of the Assembly to punish agents recruiting men for 
military organizations of other States. 



EASTERN TROOPS TO THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND 





'ITH the opening of the third year of the 
war, upon January 2d, 1863, came news of the 
battle of Murfreesboro (or Stone's River), 
an obscure railroad point in Tennessee 
about fifty miles northwest from Chattanooga, where 
the Confederate Gen. Bragg had his chief base of 
supplies. This battle attracted but little attention 
in the East, where the public were absorbed in watch- 
)fjl ing the course of events in Virginia and upon the At- 
lantic coast. The only Pennsylvania regiments en- 
gaged at Stone's River with the large Federal force 
assembled there under Major-Gen. W. S. Rosecrans 
were the 77th, 78th, 79th and 80th Infantry, and the 
7th and part of the 15th Cavalry. Eastern troops 
were few in the western armies, while, upon the con- 
trary, western commands were numerous in the Army 
of the Potomac. At the battle of Fredericksburg, 
twenty-one western regiments participated, and at 
Gettysburg the western States (not including West 
Virginia) were represented by twenty-six regiments 
and four batteries. The East felt that the West was 
abundantly able to take care of its own share of the war. It was 
distinctly a surprise and a shock, therefore, when, on September 23d, 
1863, twenty thousand picked troops were suddently taken from the 
Army of the Potomac and hurried westward, under Gen. Hooker, to 
Chattanooga.* The troops transferred were the Eleventh and Twelfth 
Corps, which now became a part of the Twentieth Corps. f The 15th 
Pennsylvania Cavalry, largely composed of Philadelphians, was, up to 
this time, with the exception of the 7th Cavalry and 9th Veteran Volun- 
teer Cavalry, the only command in the Army of the Cumberland which 
was of local interest. This regiment, commanded by Col. William J. 
Palmer, was attached to the Second Division of the Fourteenth Army 
Corps. The regiments arriving with Hooker, wholly or partly of Phila- 
delphia volunteers, were the 27th, 28th, 29th, 73d, 75th, 109th, iiith 
and 147th Infantry, and Knap's Ind. Battery E. 

The result of the sanguinary battle of Chickamauga, fought Sep- 



*0f the forty-nine regiments, one company of infantry and seven batteries in 
the Hooker movement, thirty-five regiments, one company and three batteries were 
from the eastern States. 

fUnder General Order No. 72, dated March 24th, 1863, the original Twentieth 
Army Corps was consolidated with the Twenty-first Corps to form the Fourth 
Corps, which was placed in command of Major-Gen. Gordon Granger. 

261 



262 

tember 19th, 1863, was to "bottle up" the forty thousand men under 
Rosecrans at Chattanooga. This city is located upon a picturesque bend 
of the Tennessee River, and is dominated by the lofty cliffs of Lookout 
Mountain, and the heights of Mission (or Missionary) Ridge. Gen. 
Bragg had occupied these points of vantage as well as the approaches 
with a superior force, and had sat down, contentedly, to starve out the 
Federals. Major-General Hooker's errand was to correct this condition 
of things. 

Upon October i6th, 1863, the several western departments of the 
army were consolidated into the "Military Division of the Mississippi," 
and Major-General U. S. Grant was placed in command. His immediate 
subordinates were Major-General William T. Sherman and Major-Gen- 
eral George H. Thomas. The dramatic events which subsequently trans- 
pired in the vicinity of Chattanooga and later upon Gen. Sherman's 
famous march, "one hundred thousand strong," are outlined in the stories 
of these regiments and that of the 15th Cavalry. 

The following memorials stand in testimony of the services rendered 
by the Philadelphia troops in the vicinity of Chattanooga. 

27th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Knob. 

28th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument on slope of Lookout Mountain. 

29th Pennsylvania Infantry, Tablet, palisade of Lookout Mountain. 

73d Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Missionary Ridge, near tunnel. 

75th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Knob. 
109th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, Orchard Knob. 

147th Pennsylvania Infantry, Monument, near Craven House, Lookout Mountain. 
9th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Monument, near Glenn House, Chickamauga National 
Park. 

15th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Monument, Dyer House, Chickamauga National Park. 
Knap's Battery E, Monument, Orchard Knob. 



THE UNITED STATES SANITARY COMMISSION 




Y far the most beneficent of the many civilian organizations 
formed for the help of the soldiers and alleviation of their suf- 
ferings through the Civil War was the United States Sanitary 
Commission, which originated with a group of ladies in New 
York City, led by the Rev. Henry W. Bellows. This association was 
given official status by the Secretary of War upon June 8th, 1861. The 
members of the United States Sanitary Commission were: Rev. Henry 
W. Bellows, Chairman; Prof. A. D. Bache, Chief of the U. S. Coast 
Survey; Prof. Jeffries Wyman ; W. H. Van Buren ; R. C. Wood, Sur- 
geon-General; Gen. G. W. Cullom, of Gen. Scott's Staff, and Alexander 



263 

Shiras. Branches of the Commission were formed in every large northern 
city. Large sums of money were constantly placed at the disposal of the 
officers, coming especially from the Pacific Coast. The officials and 
committees toiled without pay. The Sanitary Commission undertook to 
handle and forward supplies and comforts to the men at the front, and 
to assist, by every humane means, in the relief work among the wounded 
after the great battles. A general hospital directory was published by 
a Bureau of Information, located at Washington, in order to enable 
friends and relatives to find soldiers in the army hospitals. A claim 
agency and pension agency were maintained without cost to the soldiers. 
More than forty Soldiers' Homes were established, having a daily 
average of twenty-three hundred inmates. Sixty hospital inspectors con- 
stantly visited every portion of the army. Hospital trains were operated 
over the railroads, and hospital vessels upon the seas. As far as pos- 
sible the Commission supplied food, medicine and clothing to the prisoners 
of war held in the South. 

It is stated by Lossing, the historian of the Civil War, that the 
Commission handled gratuitious supplies valued at $15,000,000 and 
money to the amount of over $5,000,000. 

In Philadelphia the local branch, located at 1307 Chestnut street, 
received cash and supplies to the amount of $1,565,377, eighty per cent, 
of which was expended outside of the city. 

In connection with the battle of Gettysburg the Sanitary Commission 
expended, in field work, $75,000. The outlay often exceeded $20,000 
per diem. The local Commission provided a "lodge" at Thirteenth and 
Christian streets for the temporary subsistence and shelter of soldiers. 

In aid of the Sanitary Commission great fairs were held in New 
York City, Brooklyn, Chicago, Boston, Albany, Buffalo, Cleveland, Pitts- 
burgh, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Baltimore, Washington and Philadelphia. 

In the spring of 1864 the Sanitary Commission projected the 
Sanitary Fair at Philadelphia, which was opened upon Logan Square 
on June 7th. The buildings, which were constructed in forty working 
days, enclosed many of the trees. The main building extended through 
the center of the square, from Eighteenth to Nineteenth street, and was 
of Gothic arch design, 540 feet long and 60 feet wide. Single floor 
buildings extended around the four sides of the square, and were con- 
nected by corridors with the central feature called "Union Avenue."* A 
splendid loan collection of paintings filled the northern corridor. A 
great variety of displays and amusement features were provided. Presi- 
dent Lincoln attended the Fair upon June i6th, accompanied by Mrs. 
Lincoln. The Fair was open two weeks. The cost of the imdertaking 

*The Art Gallery was kept open to July 6th, when a sale of contributed 
drawings and paintings was held. During July the buildings were used as bar- 
racks for three thousand convalescents gathered to assist in repelling the then 
threatening Confederate advance into Maryland and Pennsylvania. 



264 

was largely derived from popular subscription, and the enterprise netted 
the Sanitary Commission $1,046,859.* 

The New Jersey and Delaware Branches of the Sanitary Commission 
worked nobly to assist in this splendid result. 

The Executive Committee of the United States Sanitary Commission, 
Local Branch of Philadelphia, was composed of Horace Binney, Jr., 
Chairman; Matthew W. Baldwin, Rev. H. A. Boardman, John C. Cres- 
son, J. I. Clark Hare, Samuel Powell, Thomas T. Tasker, Edward 
Hartshorne, Caleb Cope, R. M. Lewis, Charles J. Stille, Fairman Rogers, 
S. Vaughan Merrick and William M. Tilghman. 

The Women's Pennsylvania Branch of the United States Sanitary 
Commission was organized on February 25th, 1863. The special work 
of this auxiliary was the relief of soldiers' dependents and the gathering 
of supplies for the men in the field, t 

The officers were Mrs. Caleb Cope, President and Treasurer; Mrs. 
R. M. Lewis, Secretary. Executive Committee : Mrs. M. B. Grier, Mrs. 
George Plitt, Mrs. Bloomfield Moore, Mrs. B. Griffith, Mrs. Wm. H. 
Furniss, Mrs. D. Samuel, Mrs. J. Edgar Thompson, Mrs. Joseph R. 
Chandler, Miss S. Dunlap, Mrs. Lathrop, Mrs. C. J. Stille, Mrs. T. A. 
Budd, Mrs. R. M. Lewis, Mrs. M. M. Duane and Mr. Philip P. Randolph. 



THE CHRISTIAN COMMISSION 



UPON November 15th, 1861, delegates from fourteen branches 
of the Young Men's Christian Association met in New York 
City and organized the Christian Commission, electing George 
H. Stuart, a distinguished citizen of Philadelphia, as permanent 
chairman. The city, therefore, became the center of a national movement 
for the moral and spiritual welfare of the soldiers. Of the nearly five 
thousand agents of the Commission, eventually sent to the army every- 
where, the first group was composed of fourteen members of the Phila- 
delphia Y. M. C. A. 

For a long period the Government army officers and many of the 
chaplains tolerated, but did not heartily assist, the Commission's agents. 

*A blank book, known as the "Record of Honor," was kept at the Sanitary 
Fair, wherein the friends and relatives of soldiers were permitted to write of 
their deeds of personal bravery. It was understood that this book was to be de- 
posited at the Philadelphia Library, but it was probably lost. 

tThe final report of the United States Sanitary Commission of January ist, 
1866, included an estimate showing that Philadelphia furnished during the war 
a total of 150.000 men. This was evidently based largely on surmise. 




LABOR ATORYi 

II 1 II 11 




GOVERNMENT LABORATORY. 
N. E. Corner of Sixth and Jefferson Streets. 




U. S. NAVAL HOSPITAL AND HOME. 



265 

Authority to visit and work among the soldiers was officially given 
in some instances, and refused or revoked in others. Along with its 
moral propaganda the Commission began to provide material comforts, 
especially to the sick and wounded in the hospitals. In November, 1863, 
an arrangement was effected with the Confederate authorities which 
enabled the Commission to send food, medicine and clothing to the Union 
prisoners confined at Richmond. It was not until September, 1864, that 
an order was signed by General U. S. Grant giving the representatives 
of the Christian Commission full privileges in the camps of the army. 
In the three and a half years of its activity the Commission performed 
a noble work.* The entire receipts in that period were $6,291,107. 

The Philadelphia offices of the Christian Commission were located 
at ion Chestnut street, where the assistance given to soldiers and sailors 
and to strangers seeking relatives in the hospitals was constant and 
important. The Christian Commission established cordial relations with 
the United States Sanitary Commission, and they co-operated in the cities, 
camps and on the seas everywhere in the glorious work to which both 
organizations were devoted. The officers of the Christian Commission 
were George H. Stuart, President; Joseph Patterson, Treasurer, and 
Rev. W. E. Boardman, Secretary. 

In August, 1864, the activities of the U. S. Christian Commission 
required an enlargement of its executive personnel.. The Executive 
Committee was increased from five to fourteen, and the general body 
from twelve to forty-seven. The Philadelphia members of the Execu- 
tive Committee, under the reorganization, were George H. Stuart, Chair- 
man ; Joseph Patterson, Treasurer ; Rev. W. E. Boardman, Secretary ; 
John P. Crozer, Jay Cooke, Bishop M. Simpson, D.D., Stephen Caldwell 
aud H. G. Jones. 



THE PATRIOTIC CLERGY AND CHAPLAINS 




'ITH few exceptions the clergymen of Philadelphia were 
staunch supporters of the Union cause. Many of them re- 
signed their pastorates to accompany departing regiments as 
chaplains. Others devoted themselves to exhausting and gratu- 
itous labor in the military hospitals, and led in every humane enterprise 
for the help of soldiers' families and the care of the orphans of men 
who had perished while in the armies of the North. 

*After every great battle the Christian Commission vied with the Sanitary 
Commission in forwarding to field hospitals material comforts. In the summer 
of 1864 its agents shipped cargoes of onions to the front, to the great delight of 
the whole army. 



266 

Repeatedly, through proclamations from hundreds of pulpits, the 
citizens were aroused to defensive action in time of emergency. Many 
churches were offered and used as temporary hospitals. In the numerous 
camps of rendezvous within the city limits Sunday services were con- 
ducted by the local clergy, assisted by the choirs of their respective 
churches, and day by day, as military funerals wended their sad course 
to the cemeteries, it was the task of the minister and the priest to com- 
fort the mourners in thousands of desolated homes. Foremost in con- 
nection with the splendid records of the Union Volunteer Refreshment 
Saloon stands the name of Thomas Brainerd, pastor of the old Pine 
street church, out of whose congregation one hundred and thirty young 
men entered the army and navy.* 

Among the chaplains of Philadelphia regiments and hospitals were 
the following: 

Reverends William Fulton, James G. Shinn, Charles A. Beck, Charles 
W. Heisley, Benjamin F. Sewall, Edward C. Ambler, Michael F. Martin, 
Washington B. Erben, Gamaliel Collins, Ephraim Bast, Ferdinand 
Miller, E. L. Wittig, Francis Goekeritz, Stacy Wilson, Charles W. 
Clothier, Horatio S. Howell. f Joseph Welsh, Henry Ginal, John K. 
Karcher, J. G. Rammel, Charles E. Hill, William O'Neill, B. R. Miller, 
W. C. Ferriday, Charles Griffin, J. B. H. Janeway, Joseph F. Jennison, 
David Kennedy, Samuel S. Huff, William J. Stevenson, Francis D. 
Eagan, J. Pinckney Hammond, Henry S. Spackman, Richard Graham, 
Nathaniel West, John Long, Alexander Shiras, James Wrigley and Jere- 
miah W. Asher.l 

*The Rev. Thomas Brainerd, a native of Lewis County, N. Y., was a familiar 
figure in the war period, as he rode the streets on his white horse, bent on errands 
of patriotic purposes, everywhere and in all kinds of weather. His figure is shown 
upon the well-known drawing of the Union Volunteer Hospital by Thomas Moran. 
A tablet at the Pine Street Church contains the names of twenty young men of 
his congregation who perished in the war. On the occasion of the return of the 
battle flags to the State of Pennsylvania, on July 4th, 1866, Dr. Brainerd delivered 
the prayer of thanksgiving. He died six weeks later at Scranton, Pa., aged sixty-two 
years. 

tCaptain Horatio S. Howell was killed July ist, 1863, at Gettysburg (see 90th 
Regiment). 

^Chaplain Asher died at Wilmington, N. C, from fever contracted in the hos- 
pitals (6th U. S. colored troops). 




BOUNTIES AND DRAFTS 




F the several general calls for troops issued by President Lincoln 
in the course of the war, those antedating the call of August 
4th, 1862, produced a surplus of volunteers. When men were 
no longer willing to respond in sufficient numbers without 
special inducement or compulsion the era of bounties and drafts began. 
The right of the Government to enforce a conscription was bitterly 
fought by the Democratic party, and was only confirmed after a Republi- 
can had displaced a Democrat in the United States Supreme Court.* 

Constantly increasing bounties were offered, when the necessity arose, 
by the Government, the cities and their various wards. The bounties 
paid out by the city of Philadelphia, under the last call for troops (De- 
cember 19th, 1864), amounted to $2,177,879.77, this resulting in a com- 
paratively small accession of recruits. 

The final report of the City Bounty Fund Commission (created under 
an ordinance of Councils, January 3d, 1865) indicates that the city paid 
out a total of more than $9,000,000 in bounties in order to escape the 
odium of a draft. The large sums paid for the same purpose by the 
Ward Committees working to secure the quotas imposed upon them can- 
not be estimated. 

Philadelphia's total recruitment, as stated in the report cited, was 
93,323 soldiers and sailors ; those to whom bounties were paid num- 
bered 25,300.1 

The third call for troops, as issued by the President, brought the 
total national requisition to 1,100,000 men. The quota of Philadelphia, 
including the new call, was placed at 33,414. The city was credited, by 
the Government officials, upon September 15th, 1862, with 29,094 men in 
service, out of a total enrollment of 100,723 citizens subject to military 
duty. 

Thus, in the midst of the excitement and anxiety attending the week 
of Antietam, the city was confronted with an apparent shortage of 4,230 
men and the probalDility of a draft. It was to avert this stigma upon 
the city that to the moderate national bounty the city authorities and the 
citizens had added so liberally. The municipal bounty gave to every duly 
certified recruit, at this time, $20.00 for nine monhs men, $30.00 for one 
year men, and $50.00 for those enlisting for "three years or the war." 
The ordinance creating the fund for this purpose was approved upon 
July 26th, 1862. To the $500,000 appropriated by the city the Pennsyl- 

* In the fall elections of 1863 in Pennsylvania, out of a total vote of 523,697 
Governor Curtin was re-elected by the narrow majority of 15,335. The City of 
Philadelphia saved the Republican party in this State from defeat. 

fThe number of individuals who enlisted in Philadelphia cannot be definitely 
stated. Many soldiers served under two and three separate enlistments. 

267 



268 

vania Railroad Company added $50,000, and the Philadelphia and Read- 
ing Railroad Company $25,000. A Citizens' Bounty Fund was also 
raised. 

The General Committee of this latter fund consisted of the following 
persons : Alexander Henry, Mayor ; James McClintock, City Treasurer ; 
Charles Gibbons; Charles D. Webster ; William Welsh; J. Ross Snow- 
den; Adolph E. Borie; S. W. De Courcey; George H. Stuart; Michael 
V. Baker ; George Whitney ; James C. Hand ; Lorin Blodgett ; John V. 
Addicks ; John D. Watson, and James Milliken. Upon September 8th, 
1862, the fund created by this Committee and the several Ward Commit- 
tees aggregated $466,938. 

In their estimate of the quota to be supplied by Philadelphia under 
the third call, the Commissioners, Messrs. William H. Allen and B. Ger- 
hard, accepted the records of Col. Charles F. Rufif, the United States 
mustering officer, as a basis, deducting from the total 10 per cent, as 
an allowance for men who had come from outside and enlisted in Phila- 
delphia. They failed to take into account a number of regiments and 
companies not mustered by that official. They credited to the city local 
enlistments of sailors and marines, 1,754, and of Philadelphians enlisted 
in other States, 644. These conclusions aroused the city authorities. A 
joint committee of Councils was appointed to prepare an estimate through 
tabulation of the muster rolls of the organizations thus far originating 
in, this city. Upon September i8th they presented a report showing that, 
exclusive of the eight three-months regiments of 1861, the city had fur- 
nished officers and enlisted men to the number of 38,812. This estimate 
did not include soldiers from Philadelphia serving in other States, sailors 
and marines and recruits of the regular army taken from this city. 

With regard to men from Philadelphia enrolled in the regiments of 
other States, the Committee stated that there was reason to believe their 
number to be nearly or quite 6,000. This calculation was probably ex- 
cessive. The entire report of the Committee was ignored by the draft 
officials. Upon the petition of the Mayor, the Governor postponed the 
date for the draft in Philadelphia repeatedly. Strenuous efforts were 
made in all parts of the city to "fill the quota," and finally, upon No- 
vember 2d, the Commissioners were able to announce that the quota 
had been completed. 

Very few, if any, Philadelphians went into the army as drafted 
men. The Philadelphia regiments in the field received, from time to time, 
large accessions of drafted men who were assembled from other sections 
of the State, and the frequency of the word "deserted" upon their rolls 
is chiefly attributable to this fact. 

The recurrent announcements of "another draft" was no more wel- 
come in Philadelphia than elsewhere, but public sentiment, backed by the 
presence of a sufficient military force, was sufficient to overawe the 
chronic opponents of the Government, and the city was saved from the 
disgrace of such scenes of riot as affected the city of New York in the 



269 

summer of 1863. There can be no doubt that, in connection with the mat- 
ter of drafts, Philadelphia had more than once abundant cause for pro- 
test. The estimates of the Federal officials on draft duty in the city 
were invariably far lower, with regard to credits upon quotas, than 
those of the city authorities. When the final call was issued the Gov- 
ernment demanded from Philadelphia 17,514 men. Through the efforts 
of city officials and others, foremost of whom was Henry Carey Lea, 
Esq., the requirement was reduced Alarch 24th, 1865, to 4,457 men, which 
were furnished. At this time the net pay of volunteers, including their 
bounties, was, for one year of service, $1,131.00; for two years, $1,687.00, 
and for three years, $2,145.00. As nearly all of them were discharged 
within a half year, their per diem compensation equalled a very good 
wage. 

DRAFT AND RECRUITING MEMORANDA. 

In 1864 draft brokers in Philadelphia offered "$i,ooo and upwards" for 
veterans re-enlisting as substitutes. In some wards ladies paid for substitutes. 

John J. Kromer, 403 Chestnut street, published a pamphlet specifying the 
diseases and afflictions which gave immunity from the drafts. 

By common consent Ward Committees made assessments upon citizens for 
money to provide substitutes for drafted men. 

The congregations of a number of clergymen who were drafted paid for their 
substitutes. 

In July, 1863, a draft was enforced in the Fourth Congressional District, and 
February and March, 1865, drafts took place in the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, 
Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Twenty-fifth Wards. 

On August 8th, 1862, President Lincoln proclaimed that no citizen capable 
of bearing arms should leave the country until the number of troops called for 
at that time should have been enlisted. 

General Order No. 33 was issued by the Adjutant-General at Washington by 
instructions of the Secretary of War on April 3d, 1862, under which all recruiting 
throughout the country was stopped and the recruiting service was ordered to 
close up its offices and affairs. ("McClellan's Own Story.") 

SulDstitutes were accepted under the Act of Congress of March 3d, 1863. 
Those thus exempted were given a certificate by the Board of Enrolment. 

By General Order No. 163, dated June 4th, 1863, the Government provided 
that any citizen, non-commissioned officer or soldier who brought a recruit for 
either the regular or volunteer service to a recruiting rendezvous should receive 
two dollars. After muster the recruit was to be given one month's pay in 
advance. 

Recruiting in Philadelphia ceased early in April, 1865. In the preceding four 
months the State had sent to the army three regiments of infantry. 9.133 volunteers 
and 6,67s drafted men to the old regiments in the field ; 75 separate companies and 
387 men for the regular army; a total of 25,840 officers and men. 




CAMP PHILADELPHIA 



S Philadelphia had been designated as the rendezvous for the 
drafted levies of the eastern counties of Pennsylvania, a camp, 
known as "Camp Philadelphia," was established in the fall of 
1862 near the western border of the city and a short distance 
north of Market Street. Within a short time 7,000 men were assembled 
here. The camp ground covered about ninety acres. Tents were pro- 
vided by the thousand, and upon the margin of the scene an array of 
booths were erected by amateur sutlers. Awaiting the slow process of 
company formation, most of the conscripts, not yet uniformed, suffered 
greatly from cold weather. Many of them were sent to the hospitals. 
These men were enlisted for nine months. Some availed themselves 
of the privilege of enlisting for three years, thereby securing a con- 
siderable bounty. Discipline was lax and the men scattered almost at 
will over the city. The provost guard, under Capt. J. Orr Finnie, was 
kept busy rounding up the strays and in hunting deserters. It was esti- 
mated that fully 3,000 of these conscripts deserted, and afterward some 
of them wrote to those encamped at Norfolk, Va., ridiculing them for 
not doing likewise. Many of these skulkers were caught, but large num- 
bers escaped the provosts and left the State. Out of this material was 
finally created many companies which won honorable records in the 
service. 



CAMP CADWALADER 




"^HE necessity for a permanent point of assemblage within the 
city, properly barracked and enclosed, where recruits might be 
housed and regiments formed, resulted in Camp Cadwalader. 
This camp was the most important military rendezvous in 
the city. It consisted of an extensive group of barracks and other build- 
ings enclosed by a high fence and was located upon Islington Lane, east 
of Ridge Road. It faced the line of Twenty-second Street, the rear being 
toward Twentieth Street and the south side toward the German Hospital 
at Twentieth and Norris Streets. At times it was much overcrowded and 
in the latter period of the war was the subject of many complaints from 
soldiers and the public (see note following 187th Regiment). The camp 
of the considerable guard force maintained here was located adjoining, 
the guards being chiefly of the Invalid Corps. Many regiments were 
organized and mustered in here and a large proportion of the returning 
commands were sent here for muster out. 

270 



THE ONE=YEAR REGIMENTS, 1864=65 




HE one-year regiments were organized to supply the deficiency 
in the fighting line due to the waste of war among the old three- 
year regiments, the return of many thousands whose period of 
enlistment had expired and to take the place of the numerous 
long-term commands on garrison, provost and guard duty, whose pres- 
ence was required at the front. These new regiments offered the induce- 
ments of liberal bounties and the prospect of a speedy end to the war. 
They were largely ofiicered by soldiers of experience, and the raw recruits, 
many of them too young for acceptance at an earlier period, had the 
advantage of comrades who had shared in the campaigns of the past. 
When these one-year commands were mustered in they were fit for any 
service required of them, and the fact that the majority of them ex- 
perienced little or no fighting was not due to any lack of patriotic ardor. 

One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel William W. Stewart. 

Total Enrollment, i,ooo Officers and Men. 

A portion of this regiment had served in 1862 in the 20th Regiment 
Militia (Emergency), and in 1863 in the 20th Regiment, Pennsylvania 
Volunteer Infantry. These organizations had been recruited largely from 
officials and employees of the United States Custom House at Philadel- 
phia. The original I92d Regiment, formed from this source as volunteer 
infantry, in July, 1864 (see One Hundred-day Regiments), was the basis 
of the new organization, which was employed in the vicinity of Staunton 
and Lexington, Virginia, during its term of service, without coming into 
any notable conflict with the then weakened and scattering Confederates. 
The regiment was mustered in during February and March, 1865, and 
discharged August 24th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 
Died from disease 16 men. 

One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel Horatio G. Sickel. 
Lieut.-Colonel John B. Murray. 
(Fourteen Companies.) 
Total Enrollment, 1,640 Officers and Men. 

This strong regiment, known as the 6th Union League Regiment, 
was destined to have an active part in several of the important engage- 
m.ents incident to the last year of the war and to be "in at the death" at 

271 



272 

Appomattox. The "198th" left Philadelphia on September 19th, 1864, 
joining the army as part of the First Brigade, First Division, Fifth 
Corps, in front of Petersburg, Va. Col. Sickel, who had been com- 
mander of the 3d Regiment Reserves, was almost immediately appointed 
to command of the brigade, being succeeded in the colonelcy by Lieut.- 
Col. John B. Murray on September 30th. The regiment participated 
in the battle at Peebles' Farm, and was, later, busily engaged along the 
South Side Railroad. After a trying march for the destruction of the 
Weldon Railroad, winter quarters were established near the end of De- 
cember, and command was assumed by Major Edwin A. Glenn. With 
the beginning of the campaign of 1865, the Fifth Corps met the enemy, 
on February 5th, at Hatcher's Run, the First Division, including the 
"198th," moving toward Dinwiddle Court House. On the following day 
the "198th" executed two successful bayonet charges with entire success. 
At the afifair of Lewis' Farm the regiment, together with the 185th New 
York, led by Gen. Sickel, drove the enemy from the field, but at great 
loss. Twenty-eight officers and men were killed and one hundred and 
seventeen wounded. Leaving this field on March 31st, the regiment 
again met the enemy at White Oak Swamp, and on April ist, at Five 
Forks, where, at the moment of victory, the commander, Major Glenn, fell 
mortally wounded. Then began the pursuit of the retreating enemy, fol- 
lowing the fall of Richmond, the long, exhausting march ending on 
April 8th, within view of the remnants of Lee's Army at bay. The sur- 
render took place on the 9th, and the war was over. The 198th was 
mustered out at Philadelphia, amid an ovation, on June 3d, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 6 ; men, 6"] 

Died from disease " 44 

BATTLES, ETC. 

I^ front of Petersburg, Poplar Springs Church, Boydton Road (October 8th), 
Boydton Road (October 27th), Hatcher's Run, Weldon Railroad, Dabney's Mills, 
Hatcher's Run, Boydton Road (March 29th), Lewis Farm, White Oak Road. 
Five Forks, Appomattox Court House. 

One Hundred and Ninety-ninth Regiment Infantry. 

(Commercial Regiment.) 

Colonel James C. Briscoe. 

Total Enrollment, 1,462 Officers and Men. 

The "199th" joined the "Army of the James" in October, 1865, 
on the James river, being assigned to the First Brigade, Twenty- 
fourth Corps, and under the direction of its veteran officers proceeded 
to fortify, being at the extreme right. On March 27th the First Di- 
vision crossed the river and, advancing southward, captured by assault, 
six days later. Forts Gregg and Alexander, important Confederate works. 




TYPES OF THE FIRE AMBULANCES. 
(From photographs by R. Newell.) 




HIBERNIA ENGINE. TWICE IN THE SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES. 




AMBULANCE OF THE PHILADELPHIA FIRE ENGINE COMPANY, EXHIBITED AT 

THE PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1867. 

(From a painting in possession of the Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association.) 



273 

In this affair, which President Lincoln, who was near-by, characterized 
as "a most gallant charge," the "199th" lost eighteen killed, including two 
officers, and ninety-one wounded, including six officers, one being Col. 
Briscoe, who was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry and placed 
in command of the brigade. Incident to the pursuit of the retreating 
Confederates, early in April, the regiment met the enemy at Rice's Sta- 
tion and on the day preceding the surrender in a skirmish near Ap- 
pomattox Court House. In these final scenes of combat the regiment lost 
four killed and eight wounded. The "199th" was afterward placed in 
camp with the First Division on the border of Richmond, where, on 
June 28th, the original members were mustered out and the recruits as- 
signed to the i88th (three year) regiment, of which Col. Briscoe was 
appointed commander (see i88th Regiment). 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 2 ; men, 30 

Died from disease " 52 

BATTLES, ETC. 
Peebles' Farm, South Side Railroad, Weldon Railroad, Forts Gregg and 
Alexander in front of Petersburg, Fall of Petersburg, Rice's Station, Appomattox 
Court House, on duty at Richmond. 

Two Hundred and Third Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel John W. Moore. 

Total Enrollment, 1,364 Officers and Men. 

This regiment was recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of 
Chester, Delaware, Lancaster and Lycoming, and was intended to serve 
in the division of Major-Gen. David B. Birney as sharpshooters. After 
the death of that gallant officer the project was abandoned and the com- 
mand was rated as ordinary infantry. The officers were all veterans who 
had served in earlier regiments. The regiment left Philadelphia on Sep- 
tember 22d, 1864, and was attached to the Second Brigade, Second Di- 
vision, Tenth Corps, then in front of Petersburg, Va. 

The "203d" reached the scene just in time for the actions at 
Chaffin's Farm and New Market Road, acting upon provost duty in 
guarding prisoners to the rear. Between October 5th and 28th the 
command was under fire in various movements much of the time. Upon 
the reorganization of the Army of the James the "203d" was attached 
to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-fifth Corps. Early in 
December the Second Division was sent as part of an expedition from 
Fortress Monroe for the reduction of Fort Fisher, at the entrance of 
the Cape Fear River, North Carolina. The attempt failed for the time 
being, but was renewed with the same and additional troops under 
Brig.-Gen. Alfred H. Terry. In the historic assault of January 15th, 
1865, made in co-operation with the fleet of fifty-eight warships upon 
this stronghold, the "203d" was in the lead, fighting like tigers; its 
18 . . 



274 

heroic Colonel falling, he raised the flag above his head in the hand-to- 
hand contest. When, long after nightfall, the clamor of the battle ceased, 
and the fort was in the hands of the Union forces, the "203d" had lost 
forty-six killed, including Col. Moore, Lieut.-Col. Jonas W. Lyman and 
two line officers and one hundred and forty-five officers and men 
wounded. On February nth, an advance was made upon Wilmington, 
N. C, which involved considerable fighting, but ended with the occupa- 
tion of the city. Soon afterward the column met the equally victorious 
troops of Major-Gen. Sherman near, Goldsboro and shared with them 
in the glory of the capture of the force under the Confederate Gen. Johns- 
ton, who surrendered on April 26th, 1865. This ended the final chapter 
of fighting on the Atlantic seaboard. The "203d" was encamped at 
Raleigh, N. C, to the date of its muster out on June 22d, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 

Killed or died from wounds officers, 4 ; men, 70 

Died from disease " 72 

BATTLES, ETC. 
Chaffin's Farm, New Market Road. Fair Oaks, Expedition to Fort Fisher 
(December, 1864), Capture of Fort Fisher (January, 1865), Sugar Loaf Battery, 
N. C, Fort Anderson, N. C, Capture of Wilmington, N. C, advance on Goldsboro, 
occupation of Raleigh, N. C-, surrender of Johnston's Army. 

Two Hundred and Tpiirteenth Regiment Infantry. 

(Seventh Union League Regiment.) 

Colonel John A. Gorgas. 

Total Enrollment, 1,150 Officers and Men. 

This regiment was mustered during February, 1865, and was com- 
posed of recruits enlisted in Philadelphia and the counties of Berks, 
Chester and Juniata. During its entire term of service it was detailed 
upon guard duty. At first the command was stationed at Camp Parole, 
Annapolis, Maryland, and at Frederick City, Maryland. Early in April 
it was posted upon the northern defences of Washington, remaining on 
duty here through the balance of its term of service. Mustered out No- 
vember 1 8th, 1865. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 
Died from disease : . . . . 18 men. 

Two Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Infantry. 

(Eighth Union League Regiment.) 

Colonel David B. McKibbin. 

Total Enrollment, 1,400 Officers and Men. 

The "214th" was recruited in Philadelphia and the counties of 
Lancaster and Northampton and mustered in during March, 1865. Prior 



275 

to July the regiment performed guard and provost duty in the Shenan- 
doah Valley. Then it was stationed at Washington, with the exception 
of a detachment under Major Washington M. Worrall, located at An- 
napolis, where that officer commanded the post. This was the last of 
the Pennsylvania infantry regiments in the National service. It was mus- 
tered out March 21st, 1866. 

TOTAL LOSSES. 
Died from disease 24 men. 

Keystone Battery Independent Artillery. 

Captain Matthew Hastings. 

156 Officers and Men. 

An infantry company, formed on April 21st, 1861, was eventually 
enrolled as Company B, ist Regiment, Philadelphia Home Guard. The 
Keystone Battery was recruited upon, the latter company and was mus- 
tered into the United States service for one year August 13th, 1862, 
being immediately sent to Fort Ethan Allen, defences of Washington. 
A few weeks later the battery was moved to Union Mills, Va., reporting 
to Gen,. Alexander Hays, remaining hereto the early summer of 1863, 
in the meantime participating in numerous movements without being 
engaged in battle. At Gettysburg the battery was in reserve.* It was 
present in the engagement at Snicker's Gap, following the retreat of 
Lee. The command was mustered out August 20th, 1863. 



ENLISTED FOR NINE MONTHS 



One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry. 

(Three companies), 165 Officers and Men. 

Although a full regimental organization was effected before the 
commissions were issued to officers, seven companies were detached and 
the remaining three companies, under their respective captains, were 
mustered in and placed upon provost duty at Philadelphia. These 
companies were A, Capt. John T. Doyle, succeeded by Capt. Chas. Fair ; 
B, Capt. O. C. Cunningham; and C, Capt. Lemuel Howell; mustered out 
September 29th and October 21st, 1863. These appear to have been the 
only volunteer nine months troops originating in Philadelphia. 

^History of Battery A, Scott. 



ENLISTED FOR SIX MONTHS 



Third Battalion Infantry. 

Lieutenant-Colonel T. Elwood Zell. 

500 Officers and Men, 

Organized at Philadelphia, with assistance of the Union, League, 
and mustered in during June and July, 1863. Discharged January 29th, 
1864. Lieut.-Col. Zell was previously captain of Co. D, 121st Regiment 
Infantry Volunteers. The battalion was known as the "Pennsylvania 
Chasseurs." It was engaged during its term of service upon guard 
and provost duty at various points in the State of Pennsylvania. 

Woodward's Independent Battery. 

Captain W. H. Woodward. 

150 Officers and Men. 

Organized during the impetus of enlistments resulting from the 
Gettysburg emergency, this battery was accepted for six months' service, 
being mustered in July 9th, 1863. The command served at various 
points in Pennsylvania, and was mustered out November 4th, 1863. 



ONE HUNDRED=DAY TROOPS— 1864=5 



THE alarm caused by the Confederate Cavalry raid into Pennsyl- 
vania in June, 1864, incident to which was the burning of 
Chambersburg, induced the President to issue a call upon Penn- 
sylvania for 12,000 militia or volunteers to serve one hundred 
days "in the vicinity of Washington." 

Governor Curtin, mindful of two stressful summer experiences of 
the past, sent forth this characteristic and forceful admonition: 

Executive Chamber. 

Harrisburg^ Sunday, July 10, 1864. 
Hon. Alex. Henry, Mayor of Philadelphia, and to the People of Pennsylvania : 

I refer to my recent proclamations calling for troops on the requisition of the 
President. 

You are not responding freely. 

276 



277 

The enemies of our Government are active in deterring you, and efforts have 
been made to dissuade you from the belief that any considerable rebel force is in 
your vicinity, and many of our most loyal and patriotic citizens have been thus 
deceived.* 

Similar efforts were too successfully made last year at the moment when Lee's 
army was actually on your border. 

Despatches have been this morning received establishing the fact that General 
Wallace, with 10,000 men, was yesterday compelled to fall back from Frederick. 
He is believed to be in retreat towards Baltimore. 

The communication between this point and Baltimore was cut this morning 
by the rebels below Cockeysville.f 

The authorities of the United States at Washington are so impressed with the 
necessity of immediate effort, that they have this morning, by telegraph, author- 
ized men to be mustered in by companies, which they had yesterday peremptorily 
refused. 

It is my duty to state to you the fact that your country requires your immedi- 
ate service, and the safety of your own soil, and of our good neighbors in Mary- 
land, may depend on your promptness. 

Recollect that the mode of enlisting men is at the discretion of the Govern- 
ment, and it is the duty of all to obey its requisitions. 

It would be disgraceful in you to waste time in objecting to matters of form 
and detail, or to profess that you would go if called in some different way. Those 
who want an excuse for skulking may do so, but all who desire to do their duty 
to their country will scorn such subterfuges. 

Turn, therefore, a deaf ear to all mischievous suggestions from any quarter. 
Do not lend yourselves to a betrayal of your country. Come forward, like men, 
to aid her. The rebel forces will be easily defeated and driven away if you 
do your duty, and I pray God so to enlighten you that the honor of the Common- 
wealth may be maintained. 

A. G. CURTIN. 

Among the militia responding from Philadelphia were the following: 

One Hundred and Ninety-second Regiment Infantry. 

Colonel William B. Thomas. 

Total Enrollment, 1,500 Officers and Men. 

This regiment contained fifteen companies. It originated in the 
"Revenue Guards" formed by Col. Thomas, then Collector of the Port, 
from the force of the U. S. Custom House employees at Philadelphia. 
As the 20th Regiment Pennsylvania Militia these troops had performed 
emergency service in September, 1862, and were again enlisted as vol- 
unteers in June, 1863. The "i92d" was, therefore. Col. Thomas' third 

*A vote of July, 1864, upon a Constitutional amendment in Pennsylvania, in- 
tended to enable soldiers in the field to exercise their franchise rights as citizens, 
resulted in 27,211 in favor of and 9,930 against said amendment. 

t Apropos of a third Confederate advance northward, the Richmond Whig 
printed a communication on July 24th, 1864, entitled "The Devoted Band," a part 
of which is in these words : "Fire and sword must be carried into the houses of 
those who are visiting these blessings on their neighbors. Philadelphia and even 
New York are not beyond the reach of a long and brave arm. The moral people 
of those cities cannot be better taught the virtues of invasion than by the blazing 
light of their own dwellings." 



278 

command. At Camp Cadwalader, during July, 1864, the regiment was 
mustered and sent at once to camp near Baltimore, soon afterward 
moving to Fort McHenry, from which the command was ordered to 
guard duty at the prison camp for Confederate officers at Johnson's 
Island, Lake Erie. Within a few days the command was dispatched to 
the Ohio River for guard and patrol duty at Galliopolis. Several com- 
panies were here detached and sent to Winston, West Virginia. The 
regiment returned to Philadelphia and was mustered out upon November 
nth, 1864. Few short-term organizations experienced as much varied 
service as the "ig2d" After this tour of duty members of the several 
companies enlisted in a company which, under Captain Thomas Mc- 
Leester, became Company A, of a second ig2d Regiment, which was 
accepted by the Government for one year. This new regiment was com- 
manded by Col. William W. Stewart and remained in the service until 
August 24th, 1865. (See One-year Regiments.) 

It should be noted that the members of the "Revenue Guards" 
identified with these several enlistments were aided by their fellow em- 
ployees in the Philadelphia Custom House, who raised a fund of $4,400 
to assist their families during their absence. 

One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Regiment Infantry. 

(Fifth Union League Regiment.) 

Colonel Harmanus Neff. 

Total Enrollment, 958 Officers and Men. 

This command, under Col. Harmanus Neff, organized with the co- 
operation of the Union League Committee, was formed at Camp Cad- 
walader on July 20th, 1864, and sent to the vicinity of Baltimore a week 
later. From Camp Bradford, at this point, it was ordered to Camp 
Douglas, Chicago, and employed in guard and exchange duty at the 
large prison for Confederates. Company H was detailed to provost duty 
at Springfield, 111. A brief period prior to the expiration of the term 
of enlistment was spent on duty at Fort Delaware. Mustered out No- 
vember 17th, 1864. 

One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Regiment Infantry. 

(Third Coal Exchange Regiment.) 

Colonel John R. Haslett. 

Total Enrollment, 932 Officers and Men. 

With the assistance of the Coal Exchange of Philadelphia, which 
had previously aided the 8th and 51st Regiments, State Militia, this 
regiment was mustered into the United States service at Camp Cad- 
walader upon July 22d, 1864. Col. John R. Haslett and his associate field 
officers were experienced soldiers. The companies, with the exception 



279 

of a part of one company from Montgomery County, were recruited in 
Philadelphia. Many of the rank and file had served in earlier com- 
mands. The regiment was, however, destined to be assigned to the tedi- 
ous and inglorious duty of guarding the prison camp of Confederates at 
Rock Island, 111., and here it remained to the end of its period of en- 
listment, when, upon return to Philadelphia, it was mustered out Novem- 
ber nth, 1864. 

Two Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment Infantry. 
(Ninth Union League Regiment.) 

Colonel Francis Wister. 
Total Enrollment, 1,117 Officers and Men. 

This, the last of the regiments sent out from Philadelphia, was com- 
manded by Col. Francis Wister (of the 12th U. S. Infantry). Under 
the auspices of the Union League it was mustered at Camp Cadwalader 
in April, 1865, and ordered to duty in Delaware and upon the Eastern 
Shore of Maryland. Following this service it was stationed at Fort 
Delaware early in June, and remained there until mustered out upon July 
31st, 1865. 

Independent Company Infantry, Colored Troops. 

Captain Converse Southard. 

100 Officers and Men. 

Organized at Camp William Penn, July 20th, 1864. Mustered out 
November 14th, 1864. (See iiQth Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops.) 

Independent Railroad Troop.* 
Captain George D. Stroud. 
96 Officers and Men. 
Mustered in July 9th, 1864. Mustered out October 31st, 1864. 

Keystone Battery, Independent Artillery. 

Captain Matthew Hastings. 

150 Officers and Men. 

Organized July 12th, 1864. Mustered out October 25th, 1864. On 
duty at Huntingdon, Bloomsburg, Chambersburg, Greencastle, etc., De- 
partment of the Susquehanna. 

*An independent cavalry troop, composed of railroad officials and employees, 
commanded by Capt. G. D. Stroud, was equipped and mounted by the Pennsylvania 
and the Northern Central Railroad Companies. This command left Philadelphia 

for Maryland on July 19th, 1864. 



ARMY NECROLOGY 



Commissioned Officers from Phii^adelphia Killed in Battles, or 
WHO Died from Wounds and Sickness During the Civil War. 

(Compiled from Bates' History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865, and 
from the Report of the Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania for 1866. It should 
be especially noted that this list does not include the names of officers of the 
regiments enumerated who were not specified as residents of Philadelphia.) 

*For names of general officers killed or who died during the war, see list of 
officers of that rank. 



iiTH REGIMENT. 

Thomas S. Martin, Lieut-Col. Killed at Bull Run, Va., August 30th, 1862. 
23D REGIMENT (3 years' service). 

Dr. A. Owen Stille, surgeon. Died at Fortress Monroe, June 22d, 1862. 

Joshua S. Garsed, ist Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 

Benj. Thomas, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Died February 9th, 1862. 

John G. Boyd, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 1864. 

James Johnston, ist Lieut, Co. E. Killed at Cold Harbor, June i, 1864. 

Henry A. Marchant, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Cold Harbor, June I, 1862. 

James G. Williamson, 2d Lieut, Co. K. Died of wounds, June 2, 1864. 

26TH REGIMENT (3 years' service). Co. K not included. 

Samuel G. Wregner, Sergeant-Major. Died of wounds received at Gettysburg, 

July 2d, 1863. 
Benj. R. Wright, 2d Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
Thomas P. Morris, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 

I2th, 1864. 
Benjamin R. Wright, 2d Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
Frank B. Bird, 2d Lieut, Co. H. Died July 31st, 1863, of wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
John J. Flannery, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died June 15th, 1864, of wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
John D. Sloan, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Mine Run, November 28th, 1863. 
David Potts, 2d Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Bull Run, August 29th, 1862. 
WilHam S. Small, Capt., Co. K. Died at Philadelphia, February, 1864. 
Thomas P. Morris, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Died July 31st, 1863, of wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 

27TH REGIMENT. 

Peter A. M'Aloon, Lieut.-Col. Died December 7th, 1863, of wounds received 

at Missionary Ridge. 
Walter S. Briggs, Adjutant. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
John Kumpel, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863. 
James Hamilton Kuhn, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at New Market Cross Roads, 

June 30th, 1862. 
Frederick Luders, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Cross Keys, Va., June 8th, 1862. 

28TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies C, D, I, K, M and P. 

Robert Warden, Major. Died at Winchester, Va., June 30th, 1862. 
L. F. Chapman, Major. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1862. 

280 



28l 

Peter F. Laws, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
William C. Shields, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 
George B. U. Martin, Capt., Co. H. Died at Bridgeport, Ala., March 24th, 1864. 

29TH REGIMENT. 

John J. McKeever, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
William Harrington, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed by railroad accident, March 

4th, 1864. 
James Kerr, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died October 21st, 1864. 
Ethan O. Fulce, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Fayetteville, N. C, March 

14th, 1865. 
Edward J. Harvey, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 

31ST REGIMENT (2d Reserves). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E, G, 
H and K. 

Augustus T. Cross, Adjutant. Killed at Antietam, September i6th, 1862. 

James C. Manton, 1st Lieut., Co. B. Died January 13th, 1864. 

J. R. Nightingale. 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Charles City Cross Roads, 
June 30th, 1862. 

John B. Fletcher, ist Lieut., Co. E. Died July 12th, 1862, from wounds 
received at Charles City Cross Roads, June 30th, 1862. 

Robert J. Clark, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died of wounds May 12th, 1864. 

Max Wimpfheimer, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
32D REGIMENT (3d Reserves). Philadelphia Companies E and G. 

John Connolly, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died at Camp Pierpont, December 2d, 1861. 
33D REGIMENT (4th Reserves). Philadelphia Companies A, B, D, G and I. 

Richard H. Woolworth, Col. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, May 9th, 1864. 

Prosper M. Davis, Capt., Co. I. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, May 9th, 1864. 

Robert A. Moore, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died from wounds January 9th, 1863. 
36TH REGIMENT (7th Reserves). Philadelphia Companies E. G and K. 

Daniel L. Sanders, ist Lieut., Co. K. Kilkd at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
37TH REGIMENT (8th Reserves). 

Thomas Jones, surgeon. Died of wounds May i6th, 1864. 

43D REGIMENT (ist Light Artillerv Reserves). Philadelphia Batteries C, D, 
G and H. 
John G. Simpson, Capt., Battery A. Died at Philadelphia, December 8th, 1864. 
F. McLaughlin, ist Lieut., Battery D. Died June 4th, 1862, from illness 

contracted upon the Chickahominy. 
Mark Kern, Capt., Battery G. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
Thomas Thornton, 2d Lieut., Battery H. Died at Washington, March 26th, 1862. 
52D REGIMENT. 

George Scott, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died July 3d, 1864, from wounds received 
at James Island, S. C. 
s6th REGIMENT. 

Benjamin F. Young, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Killed May 2Sth, 1864. 
S8th REGIMENT (Infantry). 

Theodore Blakley, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Fort Harrison, September 29th, 1864. 
Daniel F. Linn, Capt., Co. C. Died from wounds received at Fort Harrison, 

September 29th, 1864. 
Godfrey M. Brinley, ist Lieut., Co. D. Died at Beaufort, S. C, August 

19th, 1863. 
Joseph B. Paxon. Died of disease August 14th, 1864. 

John F. Wood, Capt., Co. K. Died of disease at Richmond, Va., November 
25th, 1865. 



282 

SQTH REGIMENT (2d Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, E, G and H. 
Charles F. Taggart, Major. Died at Warrenton, Va., October 24th, 1863, 

from wounds in action of October 22d, 1863. 
Frank J. Dungan, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Todd's Tavern, Va., May 

8th 1864. 
Alfred Biles, ist Lieut., Co. B. Killed by guerillas, July 26th, 1863. 
Jacob H. Martin, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Died of wounds August iSth, 1864. 
Albert C. Walker, Capt., Co. M. Died August 3d, 1864. 
60TH REGIMENT (3d Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, F, I, K and M. 
Walter S. Newhall, Capt., Co. A. Drowned near Rappahannock Station, Va., 

December i8th, 1863. 
George K. Hogg, ist Lieut., Co. K. Drowned at Nottingham, Md., September 

I2th, 1861. 
James E. Lodge, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died (date unknown). 
Elwood Davis, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Killed near Bull Run, October 15th, 1863. 
61 ST REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies G, H and I. 

George C. Spear, Col. Killed at Mayres' Heights, May 3d, 1863. 

John W. Crossby, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Petersburg, April 2d, 1865. 

George W. Wilson, Adjutant. Killed at Spotsylvania, May 9th, 1864. 

John Barrett, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th, 1864. 

Alfred Moylan, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died July 8th, 1862, from wounds received 

at Fair Oaks. 
65TH REGIMENT (5th Cavalry). 

Jonathan J. Phillips, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died at Fortress Monroe, June 

nth, 1864. 
William E. Frick, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died October nth, 1861. 
Samuel M. Williamson, ist Lieut., Co. H. Killed near Williamsburg, Va., 

January 15th, 1863. 
William H. Cameron, Capt, Co. I. Died June 26th, 1864. 
James D. Brown, Capt, Co. K. Died August 9th, 1862. 
Dietrich Bruno, ist Lieut., Co. L. Died August 29th, 1864. 
67TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies B and part of E and I. 

William E. Tucker, Capt, Co. B. Died November 2d, 1862, from wounds 

in action. 

68TH REGIMENT. 

Thomas Hawksworth, Major. Died January 7th, 1863, from wounds received 

at Fredericksburg. 
John Reynolds, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
John C. Gallagher, Capt., Co. C. Died April 3d, 1865, from wounds received 

at Petersburg. 
George W. McLearn, Capt, Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. 
Andrew Black, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
James Shields, ist Lieut., Co. E. Died May 5th, 1863, from wounds received 

at Chancellorsville. 
Milton C. Davis, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Orange Grove, Va., November 

27th, 1863. 
Lewis W. Ealer, ist Lieut, Co. F. Died October 6th, 1863, from wounds 

received at Gettysburg. 
Joseph E. Davis, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 

13th, 1862. 
John D. Pauling, Capt., Co. I. Died May iSth, 1863, from wounds received 

at Chancellorsville. 
69TH REGIMENT. 

Dennis O'Kane, Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
Martin Tschudy, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 



283 

James Harvey, Capt., Asst. A. G. Killed at Ball's Bluff, October 21st, 1861. 
William Whildey, Adjutant. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864. 
James Dunn, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
Joseph McHugh, ist Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
James McGinley, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Killed at Hatchers Run, February 5th, 1865. 
Andrew McManus, Capt., Co. E. Killed near Falmouth, Va., May 27th, 1863. 
George C. Thompson, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
C. Howard Taylor, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died of disease November 7th, 1862. 
F. VonBierwirth, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Antietam, September 17, 1862. 
Bernard Sherry, ist Lieut., Co. G. Died of wounds May iSth, 1864. 
Michael Mullen, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Gettysburg, Julv 3d, 1863. 
Thomas Kelley, Capt., Co. H. Died May i8th, 1864, from wounds received 

at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12th, 1864. 
Thomas Carroll, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Died at Philadelphia, June 25th, 1862. 
Charles F. Kelley, 2d Lieut.. Co. H. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
Michael Duffy, Capt., Co. L Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
Josiah Jack, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania Court House, May 12th, 

1864. 
70TH REGIMENT (6th Cavalry). Not including Company G. 

Robert Morris, Jr., Major. Died at Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., August 

13th, 1863. 
Henry C. Whelan, Major. Died at Philadelphia, March 2d, 1864. 
Stephen H. Martin, Adjutant. Killed at Old Church, Va., May 30th, 1864. 
Theodore M. Sage, Quarter Master. Killed by guerillas at Elk Run, Va., 

November 4th, 1863. 
Arthur E. Murphy, ist Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Cold Harbor, May 31st, 1864. 
James Magee, 2d Lieut. Killed near Dinwiddie C. H., March 31st, 1865. 
Charles B. Davis, Capt, Co. F. Killed at Beverly Ford, Va., June 9th, 1863. 
William Sproule, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died at Belle Plain, Va., May 8th, 1863. 
Lewis Miller, ist Lieut, Co. L. Killed (date unknown). 

71ST REGIMENT (First "California" Regiment). Philadelphia Companies A, 
B, C, D, E, F, G, I and partly H and K. 

Edward D. Baker, Col. Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21st, 1861. 

John M. Steffan, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 

J. W. Lingenfelter, Capt, Co. B. Killed near Chain Bridge, Va., September 
2ist, 1861. 

William H. Dull, Capt, Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 

William Wilson, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 

William E. Otter, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Ball's Bluff, Va., October 21st, 1861. 

Benjamin F. Hibbs, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Died of wounds received at Fredericks- 
burg, Va., December 13th, 1862. 

Joseph D. Williams, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Ball's Bluff, October 21st 1861. 

Christian A. Schaeft"er, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died at Poolesville, Md., March 
3d, 1862. 

E. Carlyle Norris, Capt., Co. G. Died May ist, 1863, from wounds received 
in action. 

James Clark, ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed in action May 23d, 1864. 

Maurice C. Moore, ist Lieut, Co. H. Killed on picket June 8th, 1864. 

John Convery, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 

George W. Kenney, ist Lieut., Co. N. Killed at Antietam, Md., September 
17th, 1862. 

72D REGIMENT (Baxter's Fire Zouaves). 

Theodore Hesser, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Mine Run, Va., November 27th, 1863. 
Andrew C. Supplee, Major. Died at Philadelphia, July 27th, 1864, from wounds 
and exposure. 



284 

DeBenneville B. Shewell, Sergt.-Major. Died July 21st, 1862, of wounds 

in action. 
Charles W. Gonigle, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Savage Station, Va., June 

29th, 1862. 
Richard L. R. Shreve, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Wilderness, Va., May 6th, 1864. 
Peter H. Willitts, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Antietam, September 17th, 1862. 
Michael Coste, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Bristoe Station, Va., October 

14th, 1863. 
Andrew McBride, Capt., Co. D. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
Sutton Jones, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
Edward G. Roussel, Capt., Co. G. Died October nth, 1862, from wounds 

received at Antietam. 
James L. Griffith, ist Lieut., Co. L Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 
R. I. Parks, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Antietam, Md., September 

17th, 1862. 
73D REGIMENT. 

John A. Koltes, Col. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 

Aug. C. Brueckner, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 

Jacob Liebfried, Capt., Co. G. Died at Philadelphia from wounds received 

at Chancellorsville, May 2d, 1863. 
Henry Hess, Capt, Co. H. Died June 19th, 1864, of wounds received at 

Pine Knob, Ga., June isth, 1864. 
Henry J. GiUinan, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 
74TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Company K. 

William Roth, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863. 
75TH REGIMENT. 

Francis Mahler, Col. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1st, 1863. 

WiUiam J. Sill, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died July 21st, 1863, from wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
William Froelich, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
Louis Mahler, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863. 
Adolph Winter, ist Lieut., Co. I. Drowned in the • Shenandoah River, April 

15th, 1862. 
William Bowen, 2d Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
Christian Wyck, Capt., Co. K. Drowned in the Shenandoah River, April 

15th, 1862. 
Henry Hauschild, 2d Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863. 
80TH REGIMENT. 

Nicholas A. Wynkoop, Adjutant. Killed at Gallatin, Tenn., August 21st, 1862. 
81 ST REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies A, B, C, D, E and F. 

H. Boyd McKeen, Col. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864. 
Robert M. Lee, Jr., Lieut.-Col. Died (after leaving service) September 21st, 

1863. 
Charles Wilson, Capt., Co. A. Killed near Farmville, Va., April 7th, 1865. 
Peter McGee, 2d Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Ream's Station, Va., August 

25th, 1864. 
Philip R. Schuyler, Capt., Co. C. Died September 21st, 1862, from wounds 

received at Antietam. 
Clinton Swain, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862. 
Horace M. Lee, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 3d, 1862, from wounds received 

at Fair Oaks. 
William H. Van Dyke, ist Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Antietam, September 

17th, 1862. 
Zadoc Aydelott, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Died January 5th, 1863, from wounds 

received at Fredericksburg. 



285 

82D REGIMENT (not including Company B). 

James B. Grier, Quartermaster. Killed at Malvern Hill, Va., July ist, 1862. 
Robert G. Creighton, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 2, 1863, from wounds 

received at Cold Harbor, Va. 
John H. Delap, Capt., Co. G. Died May gth, 1863, from wounds received 

at Mayres Heights. 
John F. McKernan, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died April i8th, 1865. 
Mark H. Roberts, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Malvern Hill, July ist, 1862. 
William H. Myers, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Sailor's Creek, Va., April 

6th, 1865. 

88TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia! Companies C, D, E, F, G, I and K. 

Joseph A. McLean, Lieut.-Col. (Berks). Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
Charles H. Kartsher, Adjutant. Killed in battle at Fredericksburg, December 

13th, 1862. 
John J. Belsterling, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
Thomas J. Koch, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Five Forks, Va.. April nth, 1865. 
Harry Hudson, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed by a falling bridge near Mitchell's 

Station, Va., August i8th, 1862. 
Daniel G. Lehman, ist Lieut, Co. E. Died May 20th, 1865, from wounds 

received at Five Forks, Va. 
George B. Rhoads, Capt, Co. F. Killed at White Oak Swamp, Va., June 

13th, 1864. 
George H. Fulton, Lieut. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862. 
Jacob Houder, Capt., Co. H. Killed on Weldon R. R., August 19th, 1864. 

89TH REGIMENT (8th Cavalry). Philadelphia Companies C, D, E, F, G, H, I, 
K, L and part of M. 
Peter Keenan, Major. Killed at Chancellor sville. May "^d, 1863. 
J. Hazleton Haddock, Adjutant. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 
George L. Bragg, Com. Sergeant. Killed August i6th, 1864. 
William J. Latta, Capt., Co. I. Died at Washington, October 5th, 1862. 

90TH REGIMENT. 

Horatio S. Howell, Chaplain. Killed at Gettysburg, July ist, 1863. 

Jesse W. Super, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 

loth, 1864. 

Wilbur F. Myers, Capt., Co. F. Died at Philadelphia, August 24th, 1864. 

James S. Bonsall, 2d Lieut. Killed at Weldon Railroad, August igth, 1864. 

Charles W. Duke, ist Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 

13th, 1862. 

91 ST REGIMENT. 

George W. Todd, Major. Died December 19th, 1862, from wounds received 

at Fredericksburg. 
George W. Eyre, Q. M. Died of disease December 31st, 1862. 
Thomas H. Parsons, Capt., Co. C. Died June 26th, 1863, from wounds received 

at Chancellorsville. 
John Stewart, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died June 22d, 1864, from wounds. 
John Edgar, Jr., ist Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., February 

6th, 1865. 
James H. Closson, Capt., Co. H. Died November 23d, 1864, from wounds 

received at Chancellorsville. 
George Black, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died May 6th, 1863, from wounds received 

at Chancellorsville. 
Horace B. Faust Capt., Co. D. Died at Bealeton, Va., December i6th, 1863. 
George Murphy, 1st Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Fredericksburg, December 

13th, 1862. 



286 

92D REGIMENT (gth Cavalry). 

Col. Thomas C. James. Died at Philadelphia, January 13th, 1863. 
9STH REGIMENT (Gosline's Zouaves). 

John M. Gosline, Col. Died June 29th, 1862, from wounds received at 

Gaines' Mill, Va. 
Gustavus W. Town, Col. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
Elisha Hall, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
William B. Hubbs, Major. Died June 29th, 1862, from wounds received at 

Gaines' Mill, Va. 
Eugene D. Dunton, Adjutant. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
James J. Carroll, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Sailor's Creek, April 6th, 1865. 
T. D. G. Chapman, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
Hamilton Donohue, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Gaines' Mill, June 27th, 1862. 
David Hailer, ist Lieut, Co. F. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
Edward Carroll, Lieut.-Col. Killed at the Wilderness, May 5th, 1864. 
Thomas Burns, Capt., Co. G. Died October 28th, 1864, from wounds received 

at Cedar Creek, Va. 
97TH REGIMENT. 

George W. Hawkins. Lieut.-Col. Died of wounds August 28th, 1864, received 

at Darbytown Road, Va. 
Lewis H. Watkins, 2d Lieut., Co. H. Killed at Green Plains, Va., May 

20th, 1864. 
98TH REGIMENT. 

John B. Kohler, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Cedar Creek, Va., October 19th, 1864. 
John W. Beamish, Major. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June ist, 1864. 
Edward Schwatlo, Adjutant. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864. 
Chas. H. Weidman, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Wilderness, Va., May 

5th, 1864. 
Christian A. Gallas, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Malvern Hill, July ist, 1862. 
William Sehr, Capt, Co. H. Killed at Malvern Hill, July 1st, 1862. 
Henry Hohenstein, ist Lieut, Co. I. Died December 13th, 1861. 
George Bush, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died May 9th, 1863, from wounds received 

at Salem Heights, Va. 
Herman _ Solbrich, 1st Lieut., Co. I. Died April 4th, 1865, from wounds 

received at Petersburg. 
John Heppler, 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Opequan, September 19th, 1864. 
99TH REGIMENT. 

J. Wesley Chew, 1st Lieut.. Co. A. Died January i8th, 1865. 

Matthew N. Heiskill, ist Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 

i8th, 1864. 
Frederick Klein, 1st Lieut., Co. B. Died April 20th, 1865. 
Harrison Y. Clifton, ist Lieut., Co. D. Died at AnnapoHs. Md.. from wounds 

received at Sailor's Creek. Va. 
George W. Ellsler, 2d Lieut., Co. F. Killed at Petersburg, Va., September 

loth, 1864. 
Isador Hirsch, ist Lieut, Co. G. Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 17th, 1864. 
John R. Nice, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died July 3d, 1863, from wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
William Fisher, ist Lieut, Co. H. Killed at Petersburg, Va., October loth, 1864. 
Lewis F. Waters, Capt, Co. I. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May 

I 2th, 1864. 
Thomas R. Birch, ist Lieut., Co. K. Died at Alexandria, Va., January 

Sth, 1862. 
104TH REGIMENT. 

John M. Gries, Major. Died of wounds June 13th, 1862. 



28; 

io6th regiment. 

William L. Curry, Lieut.-Col. Died at Washington, D. C. July 7th, 1864. 

from wounds received at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May nth, 1864. 
Ferdinand M. Pleis, Adjutant. Died August 2d, 1863, from vounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
Charles S. Swartz, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., 

May I2th, 1864. 
William H. Smith, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg, Julv 2d, 1863. 
Joshua A. Gage, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 

I 2th, 1864. 
S. R. Townsend, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 5th, 

1864. 
Francis E. Foliet, 1st Lieut., Co. L Died April igth, 1862. 
Martin C. Frost, Capt., Co. K. 
108TH REGIMENT (nth Cavalry). Company C. 

Robert S. Monroe, Major. Killed at Five Forks, Va.. April ist, 1865. 
Henry B. Neilson, ist Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Ream's Station, Va., August 

2Sth, 1864. 
Robert S. Monroe, Capt., Co. E. Killed at Five Forks, April ist, 1865. 
William Lancaster, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Five Forks, Va., April ist, 1865. 
109TH REGIMENT. All Philadelphia Companies excepting tvi^o. 

Henry J. vStainrook, Col. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
James Glendening, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Wauhatchie, Tenn., October 

29th, 1863. (Bates' History.) 
Charles W. Norris, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Died June 21st, 1863, from wounds 

received at Chancellorsville. 

iioTH REGIMENT. Companies E, F, G and I. 

William Stewart, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Fort Steadman, Va., March 25th, 1865. 
William A. Norton, Capt., Co. I. Died at Washington, D. C, from wounds 

received at Petersburg, Va. 
W. H. Kochersperger, ist Lieut., Co. I. Died April loth, 1862, from wounds 

received at Winchester. 

II2TH REGIMENT. Heavy Artillery. 

James L. Anderson, Col. Killed at Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 29th, 1864. 

John S. Jarden, Capt, Co. C. Died November 9*-h, 1863. 

Louis Fisher, ist Lieut, Co. K. Died at Petersburg, September 6th, 1865. 
113TH REGIMENT. 12th Cavalry. 

Milton Funk, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed near Winchester, July 24th, 1864. 
114TH REGIMENT (Collis' Zouaves). 

Joseph S. Chandler, Major. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863. 

A. J. Cunningham, Capt., Co. A. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865. 

Henry M. Eddy, Capt., Co. D. Died April nth, 1865, from wounds received 
at Petersburg, Va. 

Frank A. Elliot, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863. 

Charles E. Henkel, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died at Morrisville, Va., November 
24th, 1862. 

George M. Cullen, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 

Edward T. Marion, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April 
2d, 1865. 

H. C. McCarty, ist Lieut, Co. K. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 
iiSTH REGIMENT. Companies A, B. C. E. F, H, I and K. 

F. A. Lancaster, Col. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863. 

James Malloy, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died of wounds May 3d, 1863. 



288 

George Cromley, Capt, Co. C. Killed at Chancellorsville, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
Robert M. Jeffries, Capt., Co. F. Killed near Petersburg, Va., June i6th, 1864. 
William L. Houpt, Capt., Co. I. Died at Falmouth, Va., January 26th, 1863. 
George R. Curtis, Capt., Co. K. Died at Philadelphia, February i6th, 1863. 

116TH REGIMENT. 

Richard C. Dale, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 12th, 1864. 
Christian Foltz, 2d Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., December 

13th, 1862. 
Henry D. Price, ist Lieut., Co. C. (Brevet Major). Killed near Petersburg, 

Va., October 27th, 1864. 
Garrett Nowlen, Capt., Co. D. (Brevet Major). Killed at Ream's Station, 

Va., August 25th, 1864. 
Eugene Brady, ist Lieut, Co. D. Killed at Five Forks. Va., March 31st, 1865. 
Samuel Taggart, Capt., Co. L (Brevet Major). Killed at Ream's Station, 

Va., August 25th, 1864. 
Robert B. Montgomery, 2d Lieut., Co. L Died December 21st, 1862, from 

wounds received at Fredericksburg, Va. 
Capt. George Halpin, Co. A. Died at close of war from disease contracted 

in a Confederate prison. 
George H. Bibighaus, 2d Lieut, Co. D. Died at Washington, August 2Sth, 1863. 
Henry Keil, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 21st, 1864. 
Robert T. McGuire, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died at close of war from wound 

received at Fredericksburg. 
Patrick Casey, ist Lieut., Co. K. Died November 9th, 1862, at Philadelphia, 

from wounds received in action. 

117TH REGIMENT (13th Cavalry). 

Nathan S. Sneyd, Capt., Co. D. Killed at Hatcher's Run, Va., February 
6th, 1865. 

John Cline, Capt., Co. H. Killed at Hawes' Shop, Va., May 28th, 1864. 
118TH REGIMENT (Corn Exchange Regiment). 

Dendy Sharwood, Capt., Co. C. Died at Philadelphia, November 21st, 1863. 

John Conahey, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Peeble's Farm, Va., September 
30th, 1864. 

John Scott, Capt., Co. F. Killed at Dabney's Mills, Va., February 6th, 1865. 

Daniel L. Ware, ist Lieut., Co. F. Died June 23d, 1864, from wounds 
received at Cold Harbor, Va. 

Courtland Saunders, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep- 
tember 2oth, 1862. 

Richard W. Davis, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2d, 1863. 

J. Rudhall White, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep- 
tember 20th, 1862. 

Joseph W. Ricketts, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep- 
tember 20th, 1862. 

Charles M. Young, Capt., Co. K. Died October 29th, 1864, from wounds 
received at Peeble's Farm, Va. 

J. Mora Moss, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. K. Killed at Shepherdstown, W. Va., Sep- 
tember 20th, 1862. 

Arthur Steel, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Pegram's Farm, Va., September 
30th, 1864. 

iiQTH REGIMENT (Gray Reserves). 

Henry P. Truefitt, Jr., Major. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May 

i2th, 1864. 
John D. Mercer, Adjutant. Killed at Petersburg, Va., April 2d, 1865. 
John R. Laurens, Lieut., Co. C- Died May 4th, 1864, of wounds receive(^ 

at Wilderness, " ■ 



289 

William C. Moss, Capt, Co. D. Died at Washington, February nth, 1864. 
Edward E. Coxe, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died November 22d, 1863, from wounds 

received at Rappahannock Station, Va. 
George C. Lovett, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Died May 30th, 1863, from wounds 

received at Wilderness, Va. 
Edward Ford, Jr., 2d Lieut., Co. L Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 

loth, 1864. 
Charles P. Warner, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May 12th, 1864. 
Robert Reaney, 2d Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Rappahannock Station, November 

7th, 1863. 
Peter W. Rodgers, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Salem Church, Va., May 3d, 1863. 
Cephas M. Hodgson, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Rappahannock Station, Va., 

November 7th, 1863. 
George C. Humes, Capt., Co. B. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864. 

121ST REGIMENT. 

Thomas M. Hall, Major. Died at Philadelphia, November 6th, 1864. 

John lungerich. Adjutant. Died at Philadelphia, June 24th, 1864, from wounds 
received at Jerico Ford, Va. 

Samuel B. Haines, Q. M. Died of disease February 23d, 1863. 

George W. Brickley, ist Lieut, Co. A. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem- 
ber 13th, 1863. 

Joseph Frank Sterling, Capt., Co. C. Died November 6th, 1863, from wounds 
received at Gettysburg. 

George W. Powell, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died November 9th, 1863. 

M. W. C. Barclay, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Fredericksburg, Va., Decem- 
ber 13th, 1862. 

William W. Dorr, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., May lOth, 1864. 

147TH REGIMENT. Philadelphia Companies M and P, from 28th Regiment. 
Wm. H. Hughes, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 
Thos. C. Baker, 2d Lieut., Co. D, Died July 5th, 1863, of wounds received 

at Gettysburg. 
Henry Elliott, 2d Lieut., Co. D. Died August 28th, 1864. 
Wm. Tourison, ist Lieut., Co. E. Killed at Gettysburg, July 3d, 1863. 

ISOTH REGIMENT (2d Bucktails). Philadelphia Companies A, B, C and F. 
H. Chancellor, Jr., ist Lieut., Co. B. Died August 7th, 1863, from wounds 

received at Gettysburg. 
Cincinnatus Topham, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died at Washington, November 

8th, 1862. 
Charles P. Keyser, 2d Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Gettysburg;, July ist, 1863. 
160TH REGIMENT (15th Cavalry). 

A. G. Rosengarten, Major. Killed at Stone River, Tenn., December 29th, 1862. 
Harvey _S. Lingle, ist Lieut., Co. G. Died December 29th 1863, from wounds 

received at Mossey Creek, Tenn. 
Evan W. Grubb, 2d Lieut., Co. G. Killed at Stone's River, Tenn., December 

31st, 1862. 
Washington Airey, Capt., Co. L. Captured and died August 12th, 1865, from 
consequent hardships. 
180TH REGIMENT (19th Cavalry). Not including Companies L and M. 
Edward Freeman, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died at Philadelphia, December 26th, 1864. 
James E. Wenrick, Capt, Co. E. Died while a prisoner of war at Columbia, 
S. C, October 23d, 1864. 
181ST REGIMENT (20th Cavalry). 

John C. Henry, _ Capt., Co. G. Died August 20th, 1864, from wounds re- 
ceived at Winchester, Va. 

19 



290 

i83D REGIMENT. 

John M. Ottinger, ist Lieut., Co. A. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., January 

13th, 1864. 
Charles H. Hamm, ist Lieut., Co. B. Died March 26th, 1865. 
Benjamin B. Lathbury, ist Lieut., Co. C. Died at Richmond, Va., June 27th, 

1864, from wounds received in action. 
Alexander Campbell, Capt., Co. F. Died at Philadelphia, June 20th, 1864. 
Joseph R. Smith, Capt., Co. G. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 3d, 1864. 
John Digman, Capt., Co. H. Died at Danville, Va., December 21st, 1864. 
John H. Hutt, Capt., Co. K. Killed at Spotsylvania C. H., Va., May 12th, 1864. 

188TH REGIMENT. 

Herman C. Moeller, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June ist, 1864. 

William Dieterlie, ist Lieut, Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, Va., June 
1st, 1864. 

Adam W. Mattice, 2d Lieut., Co. C. Killed at Cold Harbor, June 3d, 1864. 

Hiram R. Shinkel, Capt., Co. E. Died at Richmond, Va., from wounds 
received at Drury's Blufif, May i6th, 1864. 

Henry E. Breel, Capt., Co. I. Died September 22d, 1864, from wounds re- 
ceived at Cold Harbor. 

192D REGIMENT (6 months' service). 

William E. Tyndale, ist Lieut., Co. B. Drowned October 21st, 1864. 
198TH REGIMENT. 

Edwin A. Glenn, Major. Died at City Point, Va., April nth, 1865, from 

wounds received at Five Forks. 
Charles I. McEwen, Major. Died from wounds received at Lewis Farm, 

March 31st, 1865. 
George W. Mulfrey, Capt., Co. C. Died from wounds received at Lewis 

Farm, Va., March 31st, 1865. 
Andrew A. Pomeroy, Capt., Co. I. Killed at White Oak Road, Va., March 

31st, 1865. 
Charles W. Frasier, ist Lieut., Co. L. Died February 7th, 1865, from wounds 

received at Hatcher's Run. 

199TH REGIMENT. 

Patrick O'Murphy, Capt., Co. D. Killed at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2d, 1856. 

Robert McMillan, ist Lieut., Co. I. Killed at Fort Gregg, Va., April 2d, 1865. 
203D REGIMENT. 

John W. Moore, Col. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C, January 15th, 1865. 

Jacob T. Smallwood, Capt., Co. C. Killed at Fort Fisher, N. C., January 
iSth, 1865. 

R. W. Hemphill, ist Lieut., Co. H. Died of wounds February 13th, 1865. 

210TH REGIMENT. 

William Sergeant. Col. Died April nth, 1865, from wounds received at Five 
Forks, Va. 

INDEPENDENT BATTERY A (3 years' service). 

Philip Seeker, 2d Lieut. Died at Philadelphia, July 30th, 1862. 
INDEPENDENT COMPANY, ENGINEERS. 

Albert S. White, Capt. Died at Philadelphia, March 29th, 1863. 

THE MISSISSIPPI RAM FLEET. 

Charles Ellet, Col., U. S. Engineers, Commander. Died June 21st, 1862, from 

a wound received near Memphis during a naval engagement. 
Charles Rivers Ellet, Col., Mississippi River Marine Brigade. Died at Bunker 

Hill, 111., October i6th, 1863. 



291 

U. S. Army 

13TH U. S. INFANTRY. 

Archibald Hill Engle, Major, Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14th, 1864. 
Charles H. Brightly, U. S. A., Capt., 4th U. S. Infantry. Died June Qth, 1864, 

from wounds received in the Wilderness. 
Charles Lombaert Kjieass, Brevet Major, U. S. Army. Killed at Stone River, 

Tenn., December 31st, 1862. 

1ST U. S. ARTILLERY. 

William K. Pollock, 2d Lieut. Died at Fort Macon, N. C, August 4th, 1863. 
2D U. S. ARTILLERY. 

John Trout Greble, Lieut. Killed at Big Bethel, Va., June loth, 1861. 

Ulric Dahlgren, Col. of Cavalry. Killed during a raid under Gen. Kilpatrick, 

near Richmond, March, 1864. 
Caesar Rodney Fisher, U. S. A., ist Lieut., Cavalry. Died May 12th, 1864, from 

wounds received at Upperville, Va. 
Charles Douglas Waterman, Lieut.. U. S. Engineer Corps. Died September 

28th, 1864, at Bordentown, N. J. 
J. Penrose Ash, Brevet Lieut.-Col., 5th U. S. Cavalry. 

8TH U. S. COLORED INFANTRY. 

Charles W. Fribley, Col. Killed at Olustee, Fla., February 20th, 1864. 
15TH REGIMENT ENGINEERS, NEW YORK. 

Walter Scott, 2d Lieut. (Date of death unknown.) 
40TH REGIMENT, NEW YORK VOLUNTEERS. 

Washington Peel, ' ist Lieut. Killed before Petersburg, 1864. 

Orlando G. Wagner. Brevet Capt., U. S. A. Died from wounds received at 
Yorktown, April 21st, 1862. 

6th regiment, U. S. COLORED INFANTRY. 

Rev. Jeremiah Asher, Chaplain. Died at Wilmington, N. C. 

Fred. Meyer, Lieut., Co. B. Killed at Chaffin's Farm, Va., September 29th, 

1864- 
Henry Herbert, Capt., Co. G. Died at Goldsboro, N. C., May 15th, 1865. 

i DETACHED VOLUNTEER OFFICERS. 

Henry J. Biddle, Capt. and A. A. G., Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. Died while 
prisoner at Richmond, July 20th, 1862. 

WiUiam D. Kirk, ist Lieut. (Commissary). Died at Alexandria, Va,, June 
28th, 1864, from wounds received at Todd's Tavern. 

Thomas H. Elliott, Capt. and A. A. G., formerly ist Lieut., Co. H, 28th In- 
fantry. Killed near Atlanta, July, 1864. 

The following commanding officers of Philadelphia regiments were 
killed or died after separation from the regiments by reason of pro- 
motion or who were not citizens of Philadelphia and therefore are 
not included in the foregoing list: 

23D REGIMENT. 

David B. Birney, Brig. Gen. Died October i8th, 1864. 
61ST REGIMENT. 

O. H. Rippey, Colonel. Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. 



292 

75TH REGIMENT. 

Henry Bohlen, Brig.-Gen. Killed at Freeman's Ford, Va.. August 226., 1862. 
8ist REGIMENT. 

James Miller, Colonel. Killed at Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862. 
88th regiment. 

Joseph A. McLean, Colonel. Killed at second Bull Run, August 30th, 1862. 
iioTH REGIMENT. 

James D. Crowther, Colonel. Killed at Chancellorsville, May 3d, 1863. 
116TH REGIMENT. 

Richard C. Dale, Lieut.-Col. Killed at Spotsylvania, May 12th, 1864. 
183D REGIMENT. 

J. F. McCuUough, Colonel. Killed in action. May 31st, 1864. 



CITIZENS OF PHILADELPHIA WHO GAINED THE RANK 
OF GENERAL OFFICERS 

(With Dates of Commissions) 



REGULAR ARMY. 



McClELLAN, George B., Major-General, Commander Armies of the United States, 

November 5th, 1861. 

Meade, George G., Major-General, Commander Army of the Potomac, June 28th, 

1863. 

BRIGADIER-GENERALS. 

Blake, George Alexander H March 13th, 1865 

Barnes, Joseph K., Surgeon-General August 22d, 1864. 

Hardin, Martin D March 13th, 1865. 

Meigs, Montgomerv C, Quartermaster-General May 15th, 1861. 

McKibbin, David Bell March 13th, 1865. 

VOLUNTEER ARMY. 

MAJOR-GENERALS. 

Patterson, Robert April i6th, 1861. 

Birney, David B. (Died October i8th, 1864) May 20th, 1863. 

Cadwalader, George April 2Sth, 1862. 

Crawford, Samuel Wylie August ist, 1864. 

Franklin, William B July i6th, 1862. 

Heintzelman, Samuel P July i6th, 1862. 

Humphreys, Andrew A July 8th, 1863. 

*Parke, John Grubb July i8th, 1862. 

Reno, Jesse L. (Killed at South Mountain, Md., Sep- 
tember 14th, 1862) August 20th, 1862. 

Smith, Andrew J May 14th, 1864. 

Smith, Charles Ferguson (Died April 2Sth, 1862) March 22d, 1862. 



293 

BREVET MAJOR-GENERALS OF VOLUNTEERS* 

Collis, Charles H. T March 13th, 1865. 

Gregory, Edgar M August 9th. 1866. 

Gwyn, James April ist, 1865. 

Kane, Thomas Leiper March 13th, 1865. 

Mindil, George Washington March 13th, 1865. 

Mulholland, St. Clair A March iSth, 1865. 

Neill, Thomas H March 13th, 1865. 

Pennypacker, Galusha (Major-General, U. S. A., March 

2d, 1867) March 13th, 1865. 

Sickel, Horatio Gates March 13th, 1865. 

Tyndale, Hector March 13th, 1865. 

BRIGADIER-GENERALS OF VOLUNTEERS. 

Bohlen, W. Henry C. (Killed at Freeman's Ford, August 

22d, 1862) April 28th, 1862. 

Brisbin, James S May 3d, 1865. 

Brooke, John Rutter May 12th, 1864. 

Campbell, Charles T. March 17th, 1863. 

Hays, Alexander (Killed in the Wilderness, May 5th, 

1864) September 29th, 1862. 

Haupt, Herman (Appointment vacated September 5th, 

1863) September 5th, 1862. 

Keim, William H. (Died May i8th, 1862) December 20th, 1861. 

Meredith, Sullivan A November 29th, 1862. 

Naglee, Henry M February 4th, 1862. 

Owen, Joshua T November 29th, 1862. 

Patterson, Francis E. (Died November 27th, 1862) .. .April 15th, 1862. 

Porter, Andrew May 17th, 1861. 

Sully, Alfred G. September 6th, 1862. 

Von Schimmelfennig, Alexander (Died September 7th. 

1865) November 29th, 1863. 

Wistar, Isaac J November 29th, 1862. 

Williams, David H November 29th, 1862. 

BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERALS. 

Ballier, John F July 13th, 1864. 

Bassett, Isaac C December 12th, 1864. 

Baxter, DeWitt C • • March 13th, 1865. 

Biles, Edwin R March 13th, 1865. 

Bodine, Robert L March 13th, 1865. 

*GENERAL ORDER No. 72. 

Washington, March 24th, 1863. 

An Act to authorize the brevetting of volunteer and other officers in the 
United States Service : Be it enacted, etc.. That the President of the United States 
be, and hereby is authorized, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, 
to confer brevet rank upon such commissioned officers as have been or may 
hereafter be distinguished by gallant actions or meritorious conduct, which rank 
and title shall not entitle them to any increase of pay or emoluments. 

By order of the Secretary of War. 
E. D. TQWNSEND, 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



294 

Briscoe, James C March 13th, 1865. 

Clark, Gideon March 13th, 1865. 

Clay, Cecil March 13th, 1865. 

Cummings, Alexander April i8th, 1865. 

Ely, John April 15th, 1865. 

Flynn, John May 13th, 1865. 

Foust, Benezet F March 13th, 1865. 

Frink, Henry A • August 15th, 1865. 

Fritz, Peter, Jr March 13th, 1865. 

Gile, George W -May 6th, 1865. 

Gilbert, Charles Champion September 9th, 1862. 

Gallagher, Thomas F March 13th, 1865. 

Herring, Charles P March 13th, 1865. 

Hofmann, J. William August i, 1864. 

Huey, Pennock March 13th, 1865. 

Irwin, William H .March 13th, 1865. 

Knowles, Oliver B March 13th, 1865. 

Lynch, James C March 13th, 1865. 

Leech, William Albert March 13th, 1865. 

Lewis, William D., Jr March 13th, 1865. 

Lyle, Peter March 13th, 1865. 

McCormick, Charles C • • . . • March 13th, 1865. 

Markoe, John March 13th, 1865. 

Merrill, Lewis, U. S. A March 13th, 1865. 

Morton, James St. Clair, U. S. A. (Killed at Peters- 
burg, Va., June 17th, 1864) March 13th, 1865. 

Morehead, Turner G March 15th, 1865. 

Murphy, John K March 13th, 1865. 

Palmer, William J November 6th, 1864. 

*Potter, Carroll Hagedorn . March 13th, 1865. 

Price, Richard B March 13th, 1865. 

Prevost, Charles M March 13th, 1865. 

^Patterson, Robert Emmett March 13th, 1865. 

*Reno, Marcus A March 13th, 1865. 

Ruff. Charles Frederick March 13th, 1865. 

Selfridge, James L March 13th, 1865. 

Thompson, Robert March 13th, 1865. 

Tilghman, Benjamin C March 13th, 1865. 

West, Robert M April ist, 1865. 

Wagner, Louis March 13th, 1865. 

Wister, Langhorne March 13th, 1865. 

Winslow, Robert E March 13th, 1865. 

Zulick, Samuel M March 13th, 1865. 

PROMOTIONS BY BREVET IN PHILADELPHIA REGIMENTS, BELOW 
THE RANK OF BRIGADIER-GENERAL. 

(Compiled from the annual reports of the Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania for 
the years 1865 and 1867.) 

Anderson, William, First Lieut., 99th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Armor, William C, Capt, 28th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Ashbrook, Joseph, Capt, Ii8th Infantry; brevet major July 6th, 1864. 
Ashurst, Richard L., Adjutant, 150th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Ayres, Peter B., First Lieut., 90th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 

*Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy. 



295 

Banes, Charles H., Capt, 72d Infantry; brevet captain and assistant adjutant- 
general May isth, 1863. 
Benson, R. Dale, First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain and major March 

13th, 1865. 
Binney, Horace, Capt., Ii8th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Bonnaffon, Sylvester, Jr., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet major and Heutenant-colonel 

March 13th, 1865. 
Brady, James, Lieut.-CoL, ist Artillery; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Brinton, Robert M., Major, 2d Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April ist, 1865. 
Brinton, Joseph P., Lieut.-CoL, 2d Cavalry; brevet colonel August ist, 1864. 
Breitenbach, J. R., Capt., io6th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel 

March 13th, 1865. 
Brooke, William Rawle, Capt., 3d Cavalry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Cadwalader, C. N., Capt., 2d Artillery; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March 

13th, 1865. 
Cavada, Frederick F., Capt., 23d Infantry; brevet captain and assistant adjutant- 
general July 14th, 1862. 
Casner, John F., Capt., 91st Infantry; brevet major October 27th, 1864. 
Cassells, John, Major, nth Cavalry; brevet Heutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Clark, Charles P., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March 

13th, 1865. 
Clark, William, Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major September 19th, 1864. 
Clark, William, Major, 82d Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865. 
Clarke, Gideon, Lieut.-Col., 119th Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865. 
Carpenter, J. Edward, Capt, 8th Cavalry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Cosslett, Charles, Capt., ii6th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Crosby, J. W., Major, 6ist Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel July 12th, 1865. 
Colwell, James, First Lieut., 82d Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Davis, Charles L., Capt, 82d Infantry; captain Signal Corps, U. S. A., March 

3(1, 1863. 
Dechert, Robert P., Major, 29th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 

1865. 
Dutton, James, First Lieut., 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Fagan, Maurice E., Capt., 19th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March 

13th, 1865. 
Fayman, B. J., First Lieut., 91st Infantry; brevet captain, major, lieutenant-colonel 

and colonel August i8th, 1864. 
Foering, John O., First Lieut, 28th Infantry; brevet captain March 13th, 1865. 
Frink, West, Major, 121st Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April ist, 1865. 
Ford, Edward L., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet captain and aide-de-camp, Tenth 

Corps, September 3d, 1864. 
Fry, William H., Major, i6th Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Glenn, E. A., Major, 198th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April 

1st, 1865. 
Givin, Alexander W., First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain March 13th, 1865. 
Goodman, Samuel, Adjt., 28th Infantry; brevet captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, 

colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Goodman, William E., Capt., 147th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Gordon, David, Capt., 95th Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865. 
Gray, William C, Major, 119th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865. 
Griffith, Orlando B., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Gunther, William L., Capt, 198th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865. 
Harper, John, Major, 95th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel October 19th, 1864. 
Harper, John, Lieut-Col., 95th Infantry; brevet colonel April 6th, 1865. 
Hand, Charles H., First Lieut., ii8th Infantry; brevet captain September 30th, 1864. 
Hand, Charles H., Capt, ii8th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865. 
Hamersly, G. W., Quartermaster, i86th Infantry; brevet captain and major August 

iSth, 1865. 



296 

Hartley, James, First Lieut., 114th Infantry; brevet captain April gth, 1865. 
Hassinger, David S., First Lieut, 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Hill, William H., Capt., 99th Infantry; brevet first lieutenant, Signal Corps, U. 

S. A., March 3d, 1863. 
Hindmarsh, Henry E., Lieut., Q5th Infantrv; brevet captain and major April 6th, 

1865. 
Hughes, Robert B., Lieut.-Col., 199th Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865. 
Ivers, Albert, Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865. 
Jones, D. D., Lieut, and Quartermaster, 88th Infantry; brevet captain July 17th, 

1862. 
Kimball, J. W., Capt., 198th Infantry; brevet major April ist, 1865. 
Knight, William H., Capt., 82d Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865. 
Landell, E. A., Capt, 119th Infantry; brevet major December 5th, 1864. 
Landell, E. A., brevet lieutenant-colonel April 6th, 1865. 
Lambert, William Harrison, 15th Cavalry (and adjutant 33d N. J. Infantry) ; brevet 

major March 13th, 1865. 
Lambdin, J. Harrison, First Lieut., 121st Infantry; brevet captain and A. A. G. 

May i8th, 1865. 
Latta, James W., Capt, 119th Infantry; brevet captain and A. A. G. April 

20th, 1864. 
Lentz, David H., Quartermaster, 91st Infantry; brevet captain and A. Q. M. 

May 8th, 1864. 
McCalla, Theodore H., Major, 95th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 

13th, 1865. 
Mead, James P., Capt., 88th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March 

13th, 1865. 
Meade, George, Second Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and aide de camp to 

Genl. Meade May 22d, 1863. 
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie, Surgeon, 8th Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 

1865. 
Mitchell, James H., Capt, 8ist Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Mitchell, R. W., First Lieut, 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and aide de camp to 

Genl. Reynolds April 25th, 1863. 
Morris, Thomas, First Lieut., 119th Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Morrow, A. J., Lieut-Col., 6th Cavalry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Neiler, James R., Lieut-Col., 82d Infantry; brevet colonel April 6th, 1865. 
Newlin, Alfred S., Capt, 114th Infantry; brevet major April 9th. 1865. 
Newhall, Frederick C, Capt., 6th Cavalry; brevet major and aide de camp to 

Gen. Sheridan May 3d, 1864. 
Nicholson, John P., Quartermaster, 28th Infantry; brevet captain, major and 

lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Northrop, B. T., First Lieut., 82d Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Nowlen, Garrett, Capt., Ii6th Infantry; brevet major August 25 th, 1864. 
O'Brien, John T., Capt, 82d Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April 

6th, 1865. 
O'Neil, Henry, Major, Ii8th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel December 2d, 1864. 
Orr, Robert L., Capt, 6ist Infantry; brevet major September 22d, 1864. 
Orr, Robert L., Lieut.-Col., 6ist Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865. 
Paul, Frank W., First Lieut, 2d Artillery; brevet captain March 13th, 1865. 
Paul, H. W., Capt, 5th Cavalry; brevet major April 5th, 1865. 
Prenot, Louis F., Capt, 82d Infantry; brevet major September 17th, 1864. 
Reen, Charles, Lieut-Col., 95th Infantry; brevet colonel April 2d, 1865. 
Roberts, Joseph W. P., First Lieut., 82d Infantry; brevet captain April 6th, 1865. 
Rosengarten, Adolph G., Major, 15th Cavalry; brevet colonel December 29th, 1862. 
Rosengarten, Joseph G., First Lieut., 121st Infantry; brevet captain March 13th, 

1865. 
Saylor, Benjamin, Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet captain and commissary April 

20th, 1864. 



297 

Sacnste, Louis J., Capt, Ii6th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Sellers, Alfred J., Major, 90th Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel and colonel 

March 13th, 1865. 
Shermer, Benjamin C., Capt., 114th Infantry; brevet major April 9th, 1865. 
Silas Crispen, Capt. of Ordnance, U. S. A. ; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 

1865. 
Smith, Charles Ross, Lieut.-Col., 6th Cavalry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Street, William L., First Lieut., 88th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Taylor, Samuel W., First Lieut., 26th Infantry; captain and aide de camp to 

Gen. Hooker May 21st, 1864. 
Todd, George W., Major, 91st Infantry; brevet lieutenant-colonel December 13th, 

1862. 
Treichel, Charles, Major, 3d Cavalry; brevet lieutenant-colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Veale, Moses, Capt., 109th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 
Vezin, Henry A., Capt., 5th Cavalry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel April 

9th, 1865. 
Vogel, T. K., First Lieut., 198th Infantry; brevet captain April 9th, 1865. 
Walters, A. H., Capt, ii8th Infantry; brevet major July 6th, 1864. 
Warner, Henry C., Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet major April 2d, 1865. 
Wessels, Francis, Capt., io6th Infantry; brevet major and lieutenant-colonel March 

13th. 1865. 
White, C. A., Adjt, 8th Cavalry; brevet captain March 13th, 1865. 
Whitehead, G. Irvine, First Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet major and judge advocate 

March nth, 1863. 
Wilson, William, Lieut.-Col.. 8ist Infantry; brevet colonel March 13th, 1865. 
Wilson, James B., Capt, Ii8th Infantry; brevet major September 30th, 1864. 
Weidersheim, Wm. A., Capt., 119th Infantry; brevet major April 6th, 1865. 
Williams, John W., First Lieut., 6th Cavalry; brevet captain and A. A. G. April 

14th, 1862. 
Woodward, Evan M., Adjutant. 2d Reserves; brevet captain March 13th, 1865. 
Woodeard, George W., Private, 15th Cavalry; brevet captain and A. A. G. 

February 8th, 1865. 
Wrigley, Samuel, Capt., 198th Infantry; brevet major March 13th, 1865. 



REGIMENTS LOSING FIFTY OR MORE KILLED OR FATALLY 

WOUNDED* 



ABOVE TWO HUNDRED. 
Second Heavy Artillery; 6ist, 72d and Sist Infantry. 

ABOVE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY. 
Forty-third (ist Artillery Reserves) ; 28th, 69th, 95th, and Ii6th Infantry. 

ABOVE ONE HUNDRED. 

Seventh, nth, i6th, 17th Cavalry; 41st Infantry (12th Reserves), 23d, 26th, 
29th, 56th, 71st, 73d, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st and i88th Infantry. 

ABOVE FIFTY. 
Second, 5th, 8th, 9th, 13th, 14th, i8th Cavalry; 31st (2d Reserves), 32d 
(3d Reserves), 33d (4th Reserves), 36th (7th Reserves), s8th, 67th, 68th, 74th, 75th, 
104th, 109th, 114th, 147th, 183d, 187th and 203d Infantry. 

*Dyer's Compendium. 



298 

BATTLES IN WHICH PHILADELPHIA TROOPS SUSTAINED THE 
GREATEST LOSSES OF ANY COMMANDS IN ACTION.* 

Killed, Wounded 
and Missing. 

Fair Oaks 6ist Regiment 263 

Shepherdstown ii8th Regiment 269 

Fort Stevens, D. C 98th Regiment 36 

Strawberry Plains i loth Regiment 31 

Fort Fisher 203d Regiment 191 

Sailor's Creek 82d Regiment 89 

Brandy Station 6th Cavalry 29 

Wilson's Raid nth Cavalry 183 

White Sulphur Springs 14th Cavalry 102 

Shepherdstown (July, 1863) i6th Cavalry 24 



BOY SOLDIERS OF '61='65 




I 



N the course of a recent editorial in the Saturday 
Evening Post it was stated that the Union Armies 
of the Civil War included eight hundred and 
forty-six thousand boys sixteen years of age or 
less, one million one hundred and fifty thousand of 
eighteen years or less, and that ninety thousand boys 
died in battle or from disease while in the service. 
Every boy wanted to be a soldier. Thousands of 
mothers trembled as they watched the martial fever lay 
hold upon the veins of their school-boy sons. Thou- 
sands of these children wept as the mustering officer 
turned them away from the doors of the recruiting sta- 
tions. In every vacant lot infant officers were drilling 
their puerile squads. It was hard in those stirring days 
to be so young, when the best one could do was to 
march along abreast of the stunning bands of the 
never-ending regiments of other and older boys, on 
their way to the waiting military trains at Broad and 
Prime streets, or to go down to the Navy Yard and 
see the ships sail away. It was great to grow big enough and tall enough 
to get into even the Home Guards. 

At the High School it was ordained that any pupil, in the highest 
grade, who enlisted was entitled to graduate with his class, although 

*These figures, from Fox's "Regimental Losses," vary, in some instances, from 
other accepted records. r. ^ 1 

They do not include the losses of the 6th and 8th Regiments, U. S. Colored 
Troops, at Chaffin's Farm, Va., and Olustee, Florida, of which records have not 
been published. 



299 

absent on duty. Of twenty students who were examined for the position 
of third assistant engineer in the navy none were rejected. 

"The Boys' Own Infantry" was enrolled in the Home Guard Brigade, 
and in Col. Eakins' Third Regiment of the same organization a company 
of engineer cadets from the Polytechnic College served in guarding the 
great Du Pont Powder Works on Brandywine Creek. 

Major G. Eckendorf, a well-known tactician, was engaged at many of 
the public schools in drill instruction. This officer also drilled officers 
of boy companies and regiments in evolutions and the manual of arms. 
Military schools, in which the pupils wore uniforms, were numerous and 
popular. The students of the Pennsylvania Military Academy and the 
Courtland Saunders Cadets repeatedly gave exhibition drills at the Acad- 
emy of Music and at Musical Fund Hall before admiring audiences. The 
latter organization, sixty strong, under Capt. N. Browne, Jr., was es- 
pecially remarkable for its perfect discipline. It originated at the Saunders 
Institute in West Philadelphia, and was named in honor of the son of 
the principal, the youthful captain of Company G, ii8th Regiment, who 
was one of the many Philadelphia boys of the "Corn Exchange" Regi- 
ment, sacrificed by reason of military mischance at Shepherdstown, West 
Virginia, upon that fateful September 20th, 1862. Post 21, G. A. R., 
continues to keep alive the memory of the lamented Capt. Courtland 
Saunders. 

A fine battalion of boy cadets was connected with the Hlasko In- 
stitute at 219 South Broad street, and was frequently to be seen in 
parades. 

Another favorite company was the Wyers' Academic Cadets, which 
is on record as having paraded down Chestnut street on September 13th, 
1863. 

Southwark was proud of its Lyle Cadets, some of whom were but 
seven years old. They were drilled by Capt. Hincken, who commanded 
the Pulaski Guards. 

The "Minute Guards" of the Jefferson Grammar School, Philadelphia 
Cadets, Pennsylvania Cadets and National Guard Cadets were connected 
with Gen. Pleasonton's Home Guard Brigade. Naturally, Zouave Cadet 
companies and Zouave gymnastics appealed strongly to the youthful 
imagination, and the red-legged cohorts of juveniles lent color to many 
a public display of martial character, and many a recruit for the 23d, 
72d and 95th Regiments was gained from among these juvenile organiza- 
tions. Several companies of Zouaves went to the war from Capt. Louis 
Hillebrand's gymnasium at Ninth and Arch streets. (23d Regiment.) 

The Philadelphia Sketch Club, composed of young artists and art 
students, was represented in the Union Army at different times by 
several of its older members, one of whom was killed in battle ; others 
of the club were active in painting battle flags and transparencies of 
patriotic design. 

Every ship of war that slid from its cradle into the Delaware River, 



300 

every ship that came into port proudly, with prizes and to mend the 
scars of conflict, carried away boys of Philadelphia, and many, many 
indeed, never came home when the blockading and the sea fighting was 
done. The sailors have few monuments to mark the place where they 
fought and died for their flag and the country. 

No accurate record can be made, from any reliable material, of 
the number of our Philadelphia boys who perished by reason of the 
war, but the loss to this community, in its natural rate of increase, is 
suggested in the fact that in the decade ending with i860 the population 
gained twenty-nine per cent. In the decade following the gain was 
but nineteen per cent., an increased proportion of which was of foreign 
origin. The loss of its native stock is a heavy part of the price of this 
city, in common with the country at large, paid as tribute to the cause of 
the National Union. 



GRADUATES AND STUDENTS OF THE CENTRAL HIGH 
SCHOOL WHO SERVED IN THE ARMY AND NAVY 



THE Central High School of Philadelphia was represented in 
the Union service, upon land and sea, in its roll of graduates and 
students by one hundred and sixty-seven commissioned of- 
ficers, one hundred and fourteen non-commissioned officers and 
privates in the volunteer and regular armies, and by sixty commissioned 
officers in the Navy and nineteen in the Marine Corps, a total of three 
hundred and sixty. Of these thirty-nine were killed or died in the service.* 
Among those most distinguished for service were Robert Porter 
Dechert, James W. Latta, Charles H. Banes, Samuel B. Roney, Frederick 
Williams, Albert L. Magilton, Charles Parham, William J. Palmer, 
Gustavus W. Town, George W. Mindil, Edwin R. Biles, Charles Kochers- 
perger, Frederick F. Cavada, William A. Leech, Robert B. Potter, 
Henry Pleasants, Frederick E. Crosman, Lewis H. Pelouze, Thomas H. 
Addicks, James T. Bates, Andrew J. Town, Theodore McMurtrie, Cyrus 
S. Detre, Louis G. Sacriste, Richard J. Levis (surgeon), William H. 
Gobrecht (surgeon), S. B. Wylie Mitchell, Thomas H. Town, Elisha Hall, 
John S. Jarden, Silas Crispin, Thomas L Leiper, Cornelius Widdis, Wil- 
liam A. Wiedersheim, Charles H. Brightly, Charles H. Gibson, William 
H. Harrison, Lemuel B. Norton, Frederick A. Sorber, John T. Greble 
(first Union officer killed), Orlando G. Wagner, Edward E. Coxe, 
Joshua S. Garsed, William R. Peddle, Robert J. Park, Jr., James F. 
McElhone, Edwin Ford, Joseph Mora Moss and Edwin Walton. 

*A complete list may be found in a small brochure printed in 1864, entitled: 
"Contribution of the Central High School of Philadelphia to the War," compiled 
by Nicholas H. Maguire, Principal. 



U. OF P. IN WAR 



I 



"^ HE "Alumni Register," University of Pennsylvania, has recently 
published (1913) a list of the Alumni and students of the 
University who served in the armies of the North and South in 
the course of the Civil War. The compiler, Dr. Ewing Jordan, 
has recorded 927 names, and there yet remain a large number not tabu- 
lated. Nearly 500 of those already listed came from the medical de- 
partment, having served as surgeons or surgical assistants. 
The notables in the surgical department of the Confederate Army were 
largely University of Pennsylvania men. John Clifford Pemberton, of 
Philadelphia, Lieut. -Gen. in the Confederate Army, was a graduate of 
the University. Distinguished Alumni among Union officers included 
Major-Gens. George B. McClellan, John Grubb Parke, Samuel Wylie 
Crawford, Brigadier-Gens. Leslie, Cadwalader, Roberts, Meredith, Tilgh- 
man, West, Patterson, Tevis, Neill, Morton, La Motte, Clay, Markoe and 
Leiper. 

A mural tablet at the University of Pennsylvania contains the 
names of the following University of Pennsylvania men who fell in the 
Union service: John Richter Jones, Francis Engle Patterson, Henry 
Jonathan Biddle, Thomas S. Martin, William Piatt, Jr., Albert Owen 
Stille, Charles Frederick Taggart, Charles Iszard Maclean, Henry Court- 
land Whelan, Daniel P. Buckley, James Hamilton Kahn, Charles Baker 
Riehle, John Haseltine Haddock, George McClelland Bredin, Francis 
Gordon Dalton, Archibald Hill Engle, Robert Patterson Engle and George 
William Powell. 



QIRARD COLLEGE IN THE ARMY 



THOUGH Girard College was founded but thirteen years before 
the outbreak of the Civil War, and though no students could 
be admitted into the College who were over ten years of age, 
the institution was well represented in the armies for the Union, 
both from the lists of those who had gone out to apprenticeships in ad- 
vance of the outbreak of the war, and those who left the College to go 
to the service of their country. 

A total of one hundred and eighty-five names are reported as having 
enlisted. Of these the verification of service has been made up to this 
time of one hundred and twenty-four men; of these twelve saw service 

301 



302 

as commissioned officers, twenty-eight as non-commissioned officers, 
eighty-one as privates and three as musicians. 

Of the foregoing, seventeen are known to have died in service, and 
of the total of one hundred and eighty-five reported twelve additional are 
said to have lost their lives. 

Among those most distinguished in service were Henry M. Steel, 
William H. Kilpatrick, George H. Bartram, Joseph Blascheck, Daniel W. 
Bussinger, David Chambers, Theodore L. DeBow, Enoch E. Gilbert, 
William F. Hilton, William Miller, Thomas Orr, Charles W. Raphun, 
Charles N. Vollum, Henry E. Wrigley and Henry T. Crosby. 



A PENNSYLVANIA MONUMENT AT COLD HARBOR 



THE State of Pennsylvania has caused to be placed upon the 
battlefield of Cold Harbor, Va., a monument dedicated to the 
commands of the Commonwealth which participated in, the 
operations from May 31st to June 12, 1864, incident to and 
during the battle at that point. 

The organizations inscribed include two batteries of light artillery, 
two regiments of heavy artillery, eleven regiments of cavalry and sixty- 
five regiments of infantry. The Philadelphia troops thus honored are 
the 2d Heavy Artillery, the Second Provisional Heavy Artillery, 
6ist, 67th, 68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 8ist, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 95th, 98th, 
99th, io6th, iioth, 114th, 115th, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 150th, 157th, 
183d, 187th and i88th Infantry. 



RECRUITING STATIONS IN PHILADELPHIA— 186 N6S 



(Compiled from the Poster collection, preserved at the Ridgway Branch of the 

Philadelphia Library.) 

19th Regiment, Co. H, Capt. William C. Rush, 432 North Second street. 
19th Regiment, Co. D. Capt. J. B. De Haven, 605 Arch street. 
Ii8th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. Chas. H. Fernald, 340 North Third street. 
ii8th Regiment, Co. I, Capt. C. M. O'Callahan, southeast corner Second and 
Walnut streets. 

8ist Regiment, Co. E, Capt. William Wilson, 620 Chestnut street. 



303 

90th Regiment, Co. A, Capt. John T. Durang, northwest comer Sixth and 
Chestnut streets. 

119th Regiment, Co. H, Capt. Henry H. Edwards, Barley Sheaf Hotel, 
Second street, below Vine street. 

144th Regiment (Irish Legion), Col. George Crookes, Connelly's Hotel, opposite 
State House. 

146th Regiment, Col. John D. C. Johnson, 519 Arch street. 

iS6th Regiment, Col. Charles Ermenwein, 533 Chestnut street and at Camp 
Morton, Islington lane. 

iS7th Regiment, Col. Wm. A. Gray, 527 Chestnut street. 

iS7th Regiment, Co. D, Capt. William N. Rowland, 450 Walnut street and 
218 North Third street. _ _ 

2isth Regiment, Co. D, Capt. Richard C. Wilson, National Guard Hall. 

52d Regiment (Ninety Day Militia), Co. F, Capt. C. A. Thomas, 921 North 
Tenth street. 

Keystone Battery, Capt. Samuel C. Thompson, Race street, below Broad street. 

Pennsylvania Sharpshooters, Col. Charles R. Doron, Quinton Hotel, Manayunk. 

Second Regiment, Irish Brigade, Col. Robert E. Patterson, 1215 Market street. 

Irish Volunteers, Col. Joshua T. Owen, 421 Walnut street. 

First Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. J. C. Hess, 221 Race street and no South 
Sixth street. 

Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. R. Butler Price, northwest corner Third 
and Chestnut streets. 

Philadelphia Light Cavalry, Col. Richard Henry Rush, 833 Market street 
and northwest corner Third and Chestnut streets. 

Independent Troop, Russell Light Cavalry (Co. M, 2d Cavalry) Capt. John 
C. Gallagher, Seventh street, above Chestnut street. 

117th Regiment, Co. I (13th Cavalry), Capt. Timothy A. Byrnes, Ridge avenue, 
below Poplar street. 

ii2th Regiment (2d Heavy Artillery), Co. A. A. Gibson, U. S. A., 611 
Chestnut street. 

Flying Artillery, Co. I (Col. J. E. Peyton's Continental Cavalry)^ Capt' John 
W. Massey, 735 Market street, northwest corner Broad and Fitzwater streets, 
northwest corner Eleventh and Oxford streets. 

Washington Legion, Col. Frederick Harvey, 528 Market street. 

Buena Vista Rangers, Capt. Joseph C. Costello, southwest corner Sixth 
and Chestnut streets. 

Washington Cavalry, Co. A (14th Cavalry), Capt. J. W. Hall, Farmers' Hay 
Market, Seventh and Oxford streets ; Thornley's Hotel, Holmesburg ; Seven 
Stars Hotel, Frankford. 

Independent Mounted Rangers (8th Cavalry), Col. Ernest G. Chor^an, 1128 
Market street. 

Continental Light Cavalry, Col. J. E. Peyton, Richards House, Eighth street, 
below Spring Garden street. 

Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. Campbell, 232 North Fourth street. 

Staunton Cavalry (19th Cavalry), 22 South Fourth street. 

Cameron Dragoons, 428 Coates street. 

Thomas A. Scott Regiment, 2312 Chestnut street. 

2d Regiment Rifles, Co. C (9th Regiment Militia), Capt. George K. Carrie, 
Thirty-eighth and Bridge streets, Mantua. 

2d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. C, Armory, Board of Trade Building, 
505 Chestnut street. 

3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Col, C- M- Eakin, Armory. Thirteenth and 
Filbert streets. 



304 

3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. B, Market, Twenty-second and Spring 
Garden streets. 

3d Regiment, Reserve Brigade, Co. C, Commissioners' Hall, Thirty-seventh 
and Market streets. 

Battery F (3d Artillery), Capt. J. F. Blake, 329 Chestnut street. 

Sth Regiment Infantry, Baker's Brigade (io6th Regiment), Co. A, Capt. 
Lewis Bartleson, Franklin Place, Chestnut street, above Third street. 

5th Regiment Infantry, Baker's Brigade, Co. F, Crozier Guard (io6th Regi' 
ment), Capt. R. H. Ford, 207 South Fourth street. 

20th Regiment Militia, Col. William B. Thomas, 533 Chestnut street. 

Birney's Zouaves (23d Regiment), 602 Arch street. 

Philadelphia City Guard for 8Sth Regiment, Col. J. Reeside White, Fifth street, 
above Prune street. 

28th Regiment, Lieut. -Col. John Flynn, 204 Dock street. 

ist Coal Regiment (197th Regiment), Col. John R. Haslett, Walnut street, 
below Dock street. 

2d Coal Regiment, Col. Alfred M. Day, 108 Walnut street. 

2d Army Corps, 134 South Fourth street. 

Philadelphia Light Infantry (121st Regiment), Col. Chapman Biddle, 337 
Chestnut street. 

Union Guards (Co. E, 187th Regiment, six months' service), Capt. Wm. F. 
Robinson, 247 Arch street and Eighteenth and South streets. 

Battery H (3d Heavy Artillery), Capt. Gilbert S. Clark, 741 South Front 
street. 

Rathbun Guards (183d Regiment), Col. George P. McLean, New Market and 
Laurel streets. 

ii8th Regiment, Co. A (Corn Exchange), 727 Market street. 

Blue Reserves, Co. E, Eighth and Callowhill streets. 

32d Regiment, Co. F, Capt. Washington Richards, Pennsylvania Hotel, Sec- 
ond street, below Pine street. 

Governor's Guards, Co. F, Capt. Thomas Bringhurst, William Penn Hose 
House. 

Gray Reserves, Co. F, Capt. J. N. Piersol, Armory, northeast corner Second 
and Race streets. 

Gosline's Zouaves, Co. B (95th), Capt. Enos Baldwin, northwest corner 
Sixth and Chestnut streets, fifth floor. 

Gosline's Zouaves, Co. K (95th), Capt. Harry W. Hewes, 603 Chestnut street. 

Imperial Zouaves, 533 Chestnut street. 

Hamilton Rifles (2d Company), Capt. Joseph L. Davis, Saunders Institute, 
West Philadelphia. 

4th Reserves (33d), Capt. John C. Chance, 510 Richmond street. Kensington. 

4th Union League Regiment, Lieut.-Col. Arthur Maginnis, 434 Chestnut street. 

Hancock's Corps, James Boldman, 826 Market street. 

Independent Company, Emergency, Capt. Samuel J. Malone. Front and Vine 
streets. 

Fire Zouaves, F. Louis Gimber, 333 Chestnut street. 

Sth "California" Regiment (io6th), S. B. Munger, 209 South Fourth street. 

2d Cavalry, Capt. Joseph Archambault, 106 South Sixth street. 

Germantown Home Guard, Co. C, Capt. M. J. Biddle, at Armory. 
Board of Trade Rifle Regiment (156th), Col. Chas. Ernenwein, northwest 
corner Seventh and Chestnut streets. 

Durrell's Battery, John M. Gries, 206 South Fourth street. 
Columbia Guards, Columbia Engine Co., Capt. H. M. Thomas, Filbert street, 
above Eleventh street. 



305 

Dallas Guards, Capt. A. M. Mooney, Old Church, Crown street, above Race 
street. 

Zouaves d'Afrique, Capt. E. R. Bowen, Third and Gaskill streets. 

Cameron Light Guard (88th), Capt. John D. Schoch, 804 Market street. 

Cameron Light Guard (88th). Capt. Wm. F. Powell, Western Hose House 
and Falstaff Hotel, Sixth street, above Chestnut street. 

Read Guard, Capt. R. Haslett, Richmond and Ann streets. 

Philadelphia Guards, Capt. Samuel Davies, 516 South Fourth street. 

"Colonel Heenan's Regiment," Co. M, Capt. Thomas A. Murray, southwest 
corner Sixth street and Girard avenue. 

Jefferson Guards, Capt. John Moore, 2130 Market street. 

Blue Reserves, Co. C, Capt. S. M. Janney, Armory, 505 Chestnut street, 
fourth floor. 

Blue Reserves, Co. D, Capt. Charles Naylor, 505 Chestnut street, fifth ffoor. 

"Colonel Staunton's Regiment," Co. F, Capt. George W. Kite, northwest corner 
Fourth and Walnut streets. 

Invalid Corps, Capt. Edwin Palmer, Provost Marshal, 1214 Locust street. 

"Thomas A. Scott Regiment," Co. F, Capt. John T. O'Brien, Sixth and 
Minor streets. 

National Guard Regiment, Co. K, Capt. Paul L. Lewis^ northeast corner 
Ninth and Shippen streets. 

Dana Troop, J. L. Anderson, R. W. Hammell, J. Tyndale, T. C. Babb, H. W. 
Arnold, committee, loio Chestnut street. 

Curtin Light Guard (109th), Co. H, Lieut. Richard Young, 602 South Broad 
street. 

Philadelphia Zouave Cadets, Capt. Daniel F. Gillen, southwest corner Eighth 
and Sansom streets. 

"Washington Guard, ist Regiment," Co. G, Col. Wm. F. Small, Capt. John 
Smith, 112 Marion street. 

Washington Guard, Co. L, Capt. D. W. Donopley, Reliance Engine House, 
New street, above Second street. 

"Washington Gray Regiment," Col. Alexander Murphy, Capt. Caleb Needles, 
League House, northeast corner Broad and Race streets. 

Twenty-third Ward Troop, Capt. Jacob B. Sacket, Jolly Post Hotel, Frankford. 

"Young Men's Company for City Defence," Capt. Robert J. Craig, Kirchen- 
mann's Columbia Hall, 1729 Germantown road. 

"Union Guard Regiment," Co. F, Col. John B. Adams, Capt. William Stewart, 
Lombard street, below Broad street. 

Independent Naval Battery, Lieut. Frank Barr, Union Volunteer Refreshment 
Saloon. 

"Regiment, Men of Color," Col. John W. Taggart, 1210 Chestnut street. 

"Garibaldi Legion, Captain Hagen's Company," northwest corner Fifth and 
Prune streets. 

"Artillery Company, for Col. J. Richter Jones' Regiment,'" Capt. Paul T. 
Jones, 138 South Fourth street. 

"First Heavy Artillery" (112th), Col. Charles Angeroth, Sr., 506 Vine street. 

Marine Artillery, Battery L, Col. Segebarth, Lieut. Joseph C. Ferguson, 
Frankford road and Columbia avenue. 

Baxter Fire Zouaves, 527 Chestnut street. 

"Independent Company Bushwhackers," Capt. B. F. Johnston, 721 South Front 
street. 

Bucktail Brigade, Capt.. Charles Buckley, 335 Walnut street. 

Cooper Guards, Capt. John W. Smith, northwest corner Front and Pine 
streets. 

20 



3o6 

"Col. Gregory's Regiment," (91st), Co. D, Capt. Joseph H. Sinex, Broad and 
South streets. 

Gosline's Zouaves (95th), Capt. McCullough's Company, Eighth street above 
Race street. 

3d Regiment Reserve Brigade, Militia, Col. C. M. Eakin, Capt. Alfred Driver 
(Camp Du Pont, Del), Saunders Institute. 

"Second Corps, recruits wanted," Capt. George D. Whitecar, American and 
Master streets. 

2d Heavy Artillery, Lieut. J. N. Abbey, 138 South Fourth street. 

Harlan Cavalry,. Capt. John D. Struthers, Struthers & Sons' marble yard. 
Market street, between Tenth and Eleventh streets. 

Irish Brigade, Col. Robert E. Patterson, 14 South Eighth street. 

Governor's Guard, 219 Lodge street. 

Federal Guards, Capt. Charles Parkham, northeast corner Third and Arch 
streets, Union Bank. 

Gymnast Zouaves, Capt. P. V. Smith, 37 South Third street. 

Philadelphia Brigade, Richard L. Shreve, 416 Library street. 

U. S. REGULARS. 

U. S. Cavalry, 603 Sansom street. 

loth Infantry, northwest corner Front and Dock streets and 419 Walnut street. 

nth Infantry, Third and Dock streets. 

I2th Infantry^ 229 South Front street. 

14th Infantry, 47 South Third street. 

17th Infantry, 318 South Front street. 

19th Infantry, 134 South Fourth street. 

U. S. Marine Corps, Lieut. W. Stokes Boyd, 311 South Front street. 



SOME LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS FOR THE AID AND COMFORT 

OF THE SOLDIERS 



ALL through the war period numerous patriotic and helpful as- 
sociations were existent in Philadelphia. Many of them were 
connected with the churches, others of secular origin, but all 
provided some form of assistance to the soldiery of the Union 
cause. The services of a large proportion of the devoted men and wo- 
men, thus organized, cannot be adequately estimated. In some instances, 
printed reports were made, copies of which have been preserved in 
libraries, and these afford an outline of many deeds accomplished. 

Probably the first local association of women who "wanted to help" 
was that of the "Ladies' Union Relief," which organized on April 20th, 
1861, "to provide garments for soldiers, work in hospitals and take care 
of soldiers' families." Could any charter cover a broader field of patriotic 
intent? So eager were the women of Philadelphia to find beneficiaries 
that the whole country was none too large. For instance, the ladies of 



307 

St. Luke's Episcopal Church sent, in May, 1861, nine hundred pairs of 
shoes to the Missouri Volunteers. On July 28th, 1862, a number of 
ladies met at the office of Edward Brady, Esq., 135 South Fifth street, 
and formed "The Ladies' Association for Soldiers' Relief." Mrs. Mary 
A. Brady became President and Mrs. M. A. Dobbins, Treasurer. At 
first, this association devoted its efforts to providing special dinners to 
the occupants of the local army hospitals. Later they seem to have made 
a specialty of the Sixth Corps, and the most successful relief expedition 
that ever went out of Philadelphia (from the soldiers' point of view) 
was welcomed in the camps of those Philadelphia warriors when Mrs. 
Brad}^ and her associates appeared, one day, at the front with a waofon 
load of good plug and smoking tobacco. The ladies of this association 
hastened to the bloody fields of Antietam and Gettysburg, and there, 
amid sickening surroundings, emulated the English nurses who had, 
but a few years before, followed Florence Nightingale to the Crimea. 
On May 27th, 1864, Mrs. Brady died at her home, 406 South Forty-first 
street. West Philadelphia, as a result of her persistent labor in the cause 
to which she had been so long devoted. 

The "Penn Relief Association" was founded "to assist sick soldiers 
in and out of hospitals and to aid their families." The officers and 
Executive Comittee included many women identified with the Society 
of Friends. These were : President, Anna M. Needles ; Vice-Presidents, 
Hannah J. Jenkins, Hettie W. Chapman, Elizabeth B. Garrigues ; Secre- 
taries, Anna P. Little and Sallie R. Garrigues ; Treasurer, Mary M. 
Scranton ; Lucy Black, Sarah J. Webb, Elizabeth F. Williams, Helen L. 
Deacon, Mary S. Pancoast, Elizabeth E. Allen, Lydia S. Truman, Mar- 
garet L. Skillman, Martha P. Stotesbury, Deborah B. Haines, Sarah G. 
Yarnall, Helen P. Mansfield, Elizabeth Pearce, Mary A. Tyson, Julia 
A. Cook and Mary B. Breed. 

The first institution in the United States to receive children of men 
who desired to enlist and of deceased soldiers was the "Northern Home 
for Friendless Children and Associated Institute for Soldiers' and Sailors' 
Orphans," located at Twenty-third and Brown streets. This institution 
was aided liberally, through the efforts of Mrs. E. W. Hutter, by Dr. 
Albert G. Egbert, a wealthy oil operator of Mercer County, Pa. Above 
thirteen hundred children of soldiers were housed and educated at this 
home. 

The Board of Trustees in the Civil War period was composed of 
Thomas Earp, President; Thomas S. Mitchell, Treasurer; William R. 
Stockton, Secretary; Isaac Collins, John M. Ogden, James J. Barclay, 
J. Fisher Leaming, John W. Claghom, Thomas Robinson, William S. 
Perot, Isaac Baker, Henry Perkins, Joseph Jeanes, H. W. Safford, A. V. 
Murphey and Charles Keen. 

The following ladies formed the Board of Managers: 

Mrs. E. E. Hutter, President; Mrs. John W. Claghorn, Vice-Presi- 
dent; Miss Mary Jeanes, Vice-President; Miss Susan O'Neill, Recording 



3o8 

Secretary; Mrs. George Duffield, Jr., Corresponding Secretary; Mrs. R. 
Hammett, Treasurer; Mrs. Eliza Ann Brown, Mrs. Emma W. Shepherd, 
Mrs. S. A. Clark, Mrs. Eliza S. McClure, Mrs. Wilson Jewell, Mrs. 
Maria Wood, Mrs. Sarah M. Grant, Mrs. Mary Potter, Mrs. Mary 
C. Hibbler, Mrs. A. L. Raymond, Mrs. I. F. Baker, Mrs. James L. 
Claghorn, Mrs. Emma S. Cameron, Mrs. Ann Woodward, Mrs. W. 
J. Chaplain, Mrs. Hiram Avers, Mrs. A. V. Murphey, Miss Agnes Y. 
McAllister and Miss Lucy Sulger. 

The Lincoln Institution, incorporated in 1866, was founded in order 
to provide a home for the sons of white soldiers who had fallen in the 
course of the war. Major-Geni. George G. Meade was active in this 
beneficence and became its first President. The institution was and 
continues to be located upon nth street, below Spruce street. The 
Educational Home for Boys, opened at 49th street and Greenway ave- 
nue in 1873, was essentially a branch of the parent institution. This 
was continued until recent years, when the property was sold and the 
Educational Home was merged with the Lincoln Institution. At these 
well-conducted homes hundreds of boys were educated, sustained while 
learning trades and sent out into the world well equipped to win success. 
At a later period the management admitted Indian boys and girls to 
both institutions, under an arrangement with the Government. 

The first "Board of Counsellors" of the Lincoln Institution included 
the following persons : 

President, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade; Vice-President, Will- 
iam G. Boulton; Secretary, John L. Redner; Treasurer, Morton Mc- 
Michael, Jr. ; Managers, Rev. Richard Newton, D. D., Jay Cooke, Caleb 
Cope, Lemuel Coffin, Thomas Sparks, William P. Cresson, Charles 
Piatt, J. Vaughan Merrick, William Ellis, Charles J. Stille, George C. 
Cresson, Edward S. Buckley, A. H. Franciscus, Lewis J. Redner, Francis 
Wells, William Struthers, Rev. J. W. Robins, George T. Lewis, F. 
Ratchford Starr, Ezra Bowen, M. J. Mitcheson, R. M. Lewis, Charles 
E. Lex, Edward Shippen, William B. Robins and Joseph Harrison, Jr. 

Ladies' Board of Managers. 

Miss McHenry, Mrs. William Ellis, Mrs. George T. Lewis, Miss 
M, a. Lennig, Miss Anna Blanchard, Mrs. George G. Meade, Miss 
N. W. Fisher, Mrs. George W. Norris, Mrs. James W. Robins, Mrs. 
C. W. Paul, Mrs. C. J. Stille, Mrs. James C. Fisher, Mrs. Morton 
McMichael, Jr., Mrs. J. Edgar Thompson, Mrs. George C. Carson, Mrs. 
C. T. Piatt, Mrs. J. B. Moorhead, Mrs. A. D. Jessup, Mrs. E. K. 
Mitchell, Miss Emily Norris, Miss M. Cadwalader, Mrs. J. R. Fry, Mrs. 
Ezra Bowen, Miss Mary Milligan, Mrs. William G. Boulton,, Mrs. William 
Palmer, Miss G. Bowen, Miss Annie Frazer and Mrs. George F. Tyler. 

The "Ladies Aid Society" undertook to furnish prompt aid in sup- 
plies for local army hospitals and those in the field. Mrs. Joel Jones 



309 

was President; Mrs. Stephen Colwell, Treasurer, and Mrs. John Harris, 
Secretary, of this organization. 

The "Ladies Association of West Philadelphia" was active in raising 
money for soldiers' families in 1863. Prominent ladies interested were 
Mrs. John Cotton, Mrs. Thomas Hunter, Mrs. John Sweeney, Miss 
Caroline Harvey and Mrs. J. A. Covell. 

A modest but popular enterprise of war days, in Philadelphia, was 
the "Soldiers' Reading Room," maintained, for several years, on Twen- 
tieth street below Market street, in a building formerly the Brickmakers* 
Baptist Church. Here soldiers were always welcome. A considerable 
library, magazines and games, files of newspapess from many cities, 
writing material, a piano and a smoking room were at the free disposal 
of all soldiers and sailors. Hot lunches were provided at five cents, or 
without charge, if occasion required. Lectures were given in the even- 
ings and religious services on Sundays. The average attendance was 
about one hundred per diem. Those identified with this beneficence were 
Dr. Frank W. Lewis, President ; William P. Cresson, Secretary ; George 
T. Lewis, Treasurer. The managers were C. J. Stille, L. H. Redner, 
Alexander Brown, F. R. Starr, E. M. Hopkins, Daniel Dougherty, 
Joseph L. Harrison, Joseph R. Fry, John H. Atwood, J. Heatly Dulles, 
George P. Smith and Edward S. Clark. Board of Lady Visitors : Mrs. 
George T. Lewis, Mrs. F. R. Starr, Mrs. George W. Norris, Mrs. Joseph 
R. Fry and Misses Mary McHenry and S. Field. 

The "Union Temporary Home" was established to provide a shelter 
for the children of soldiers in the field and of men who wished to enlist. 
The Board of Managers included Miss Susan J. O'Neill, President ; Mrs. 
John Mason, Vice-President; Mrs. C. J. Peterson, Treasurer, and Mrs. 
Thos. Mott, Secretary. 

In 1864 the Ladies' First Union Association was active, with rooms 
at 537 North Eighth street, in subsisting a large number of the families 
of soldiers. 

Among still other enterprises prompted by patriotic sympathy were 
the Freemasons' Soldiers' Relief Association at 204 South Fourth street, 
and the New England Soldiers' Relief Association, on Chestnut street 
near Thirteenth street. Most of these helpful centers continued to the 
close of the war.* 

*In May, 1863, an exhibition of paintings contributed by Philadelphia artists 
for the benefit of soldiers' families was displayed at Earle's Galleries on Chestnut 
street. 

With the crumbling of the Confederate Army great numbers of people 
swarmed from the South into Philadelphia. Public meetings were held to 
organize relief. They were fed, clothed and given work. Philadelphia's charity 
toward her late foes was as broad as her patriotism. 

In 1866, as a means of raising money with which to supply widows and 
orphans of deceased soldiers with coal, war maps and portraits were advertised 
by relief committees. 



RELIEF FROM THE CITY 



THE final report of the Commission for the Relief of Families 
of Philadelphia Volunteers in the Army and Navy, acting under 
authority of Councils, indicates that financial assistance was 
given in the course of the war to 48,707 families. The total sum 
thus expended was $2,596,307.87. In addition, $15,000 was repaid to the 
Trustees of the Philadelphia Gas Works for sums disbursed to depen- 
dents of employees who had enlisted. The Commission met the funeral 
expenses of 780 soldiers or members of soldiers' families. The members 
of the Commission were : Hon. Alexander Henry, President ; Charles P. 
Trego, Vice-President; Peter Wilson, Treasurer; Samuel C. Dawson, 
Secretary; Theodore Cuyler, Charles E. Lex, Thomas Potter, William 
Loughlin, Archibald Mclntyre, Henry Davis, John Robbins, Matthew 
W. Baldwin, James S. Watson, Caleb Cope, Robert Coane, William Baird 
and Charles S. Close. 



WHEN RICHMOND FELL 



AT eleven o'clock A. M., April 3d, 1865, the Philadelphia Inquirer 
posted a bulletin proclaiming the fall of Richmond. Further dis- 
patches related to the occupation of that city by Union troops. 
Summoned by the bell of Independence Hall, the population 
thronged to the heart of the city. Within an hour jubilant processions, led 
by the fire companies, were parading the streets. From the navy yard thou- 
sands of workmen, headed by the Marine Band, paraded to the business 
section, hurrahing wildly as they passed the newspaper offices and the 
Mayor's office, at Fifth and Chestnut streets. Clearly, above the clamor 
around the old "State House," a single voice began the stately words, 
"Praise God from whom all blessings flow." The singer was an old white- 
locked man. Instantly the mass of excited people bared their heads 
and thousands joined in the beautiful lines of the Doxology. The public 
schools were dismissed and the children, with songs and flags, marched 
through their respective neighborhoods. A mass meeting of joy was 
held in front of the Custom House. The Union League flung out every 
flag; indeed, the whole city was soon brilliant with red, white and blue. 
Until late at night the brilliantly illuminated streets were crowded with 
scores of military bands leading impromptu processions from the suburbs, 
and the clamor of that day of great rejoicing only ended with the utter 
exhaustion of the happy people; soon, Johnnie would "come marching 
home." 

310 



THREE SUNDAYS 

From Joy to Mourning 



GEN. ROBERT E. LEE surrendered to Gen. U. S. Grant at 
Appomattox on Palm Sunday, April 9th, 1865. The news 
reached Philadelphia the same date about 9.40 P. M. From the 
Mayor's office it was telegraphed to various parts of the city, and 
within an hour the streets downtown, usually dark and deserted, 
were crowded with rejoicing citizens. The windows of the several 
morning newspaper offices were illuminated. Over the portals of the 
Union League flashed the word "Victory." Bells rang everywhere. A 
score of fire companies brought their hose carriages to Independence 
Hall and added to the din of the hour. Great crowds, mad with joy, 
surged around the old Cradle of Liberty. In thousands of homes thanks 
were breathed to Heaven that long absent fathers, husbands and sons 
would soon be home from the war and in the enjoyment of the fire- 
sides they had left, so long ago, to fight for their country's flag. Down 
on Washington avenue the historic little cannon, the watchdog of 
the Union Volunteer Refreshment Committee, stirred up all Southwark 
by barking out thirty-six rounds of good Union powder, a bark for 
every State. Upon Monday no one thought of business or work. At 
sunrise the bells were ringing again and a band was playing patriotic 
airs in the tower of Independence Hall. Flags were flying from ten 
thousand windows. At nine o'clock A. M. school children marched 
down Chestnut street, unmindful of the rain. At noon the Union 
League Battery fired two hundred rounds at Broad and Market streets, 
and at sunset, by order of Mayor Henry, one hundred rounds were 
fired at Nineteenth and Hamilton streets. 

That spring Monday was the beginning of a week of joy all over 
the North, and not less in the camps of the Federal armies. Never did 
a people know a greater transition from gladness to sorrow and de- 
spair. Never were two Sundays the scenes of more diverse emotions. 
The world knew on the morning of Sunday, April i6th, that Abra- 
ham Lincoln had been murdered, at Ford's Theatre in Washington, the 
evening before. Men came to their doors that placid morning, picked 
up and opened their newspapers and went mad at the black words 
they saw there. Again the people crowded to the heart of the old town. 
But those who were prone to covert abuse of the great President and 
the cause of which he was the leader (and there were some, as every 
soldier knew) such men stayed indoors, for vengeance was abroad wait- 
ing hungrily to find action. 

Upon that memorable Sunday and early on Monday morning all 
of the black goods in the stores of Philadelphia and in a hundred thou- 

311 



3i^ 

sand homes were brought out and draped upon the buildings. None 
who then Hved in Philadelphia have forgotten those sombre streets or 
the look frozen upon the silent faces of the people who crowded around 
the newspaper offices as one bulletin from Washington followed another. 
Thousands of soldiers, the ink hardly dry upon their discharges, crowded 
around their old officers and begged to be led back to the South and 
a new campaign of revenge. But the honorable people of the South 
repudiated the conspirators and their deeds, and the war, although not 
officially ended (by President Johnson's proclamation nearly a year 
later), was not conducted along lines of reprisal. The 8th Union League 
Regiment arrived in Washington, south-bound, upon the day of the 
great crime, and it was as late as April 26th when the Union League 
sent away its 215th Regiment to relieve the returning veterans. This was 
the last body of soldiery to go out from Philadelphia in the course 
of the war. Grant had said: "Let us have peace," but peace came 
slowly. 

The funeral services of the late President were held in Washington, 
at noon, on April 19th, four years, to the hour, from the fateful inci- 
dent at Baltimore, where the first soldiers of the Republic were slain. 
At the same hour, in churches in every loyal city and State, the people 
were gathered in testimony of their love for the martyred leader. 

The body of the President reached Philadelphia April 22d and 
was followed by a great escort of soldiers and citizens from Broad and 
Prime streets to Independence Hall, and all that night — all the follow- 
ing Sunday — the people trod reverently through the silent, dimly-lighted 
room of Independence Hall to look upon his careworn, peaceful face. 
At three o'clock Monday morning the "First Troop" and the 187th Regi- 
ment, with muffled drums and arms reversed, escorted him to the 
waiting funeral train which was to take him to other cities and mourners 
on the long way to his resting place at Springfield, Illinois.* 

*Mayor Henry, the City officials and police wore crepe upon their sleeves thirty 
days following the date of the ceremonials incident to the departure of the 
Lincoln funeral train. 





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CIVIL WAR MEMORIAL, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 




TABLET ON SITE OF CAMP, 88TH REGIMENT, FAIRMOUNT PARK. 



THE WELCOME HOME, 1865 



BEGINNING with May 21st, 1865, when the 114th Regiment, 
Penna. Vols. (Collis Zouaves) arrived home, the Philadelphia 
regiments and companies returned at frequent intervals, and gen- 
erally without advance information necessary for the arrange- 
ment of suitable receptions. It was, therefore, decided by the city 
authorities, with the concurrence of the higher military officers, to or- 
ganize a Grand Review and thus afford the public a glimpse of the 
veterans and give expression, to the soldiers, of the honor in which they 
were held. The Review took place June loth, 1865, in the midst of 
a heavy rain storm. The reviewing stand was erected on the west side 
of Broad street, between Market and Filbert streets. Here were as- 
sembled a great throng of officials, officers and distinguished guests. 
Another stand, situated upon the east side of Broad street, below Market 
street, contained the sick and wounded veterans and their families. On 
a third stand, north of Filbert street, five hundred young ladies were 
placed, to sing patriotic songs. Many other private stands bordered 
thel route. For this event every effort had been made to secure the 
return of as many of the local regiments as possible. The route of 
the parade extended from Camp Cadwalader, far out Ridge avenue, 
to the Volunteer Refreshment Saloons at the foot of Washington avenue, 
where a much-appreciated dinner awaited every soldier. At the head 
of the review rode Major-General George Gordon Meade and a brilliant 
staff, accompanied by the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. The 
veterans were escorted by delegations from the city fire companies. 
The Military Division included detachments of the following regiments 
and batteries: 81st, 17 men; 91st, 59 men; 99th, 62 men; 114th, 227 
men; ii6th, 124 men; ii8th, 220 men; 119th, 230 men; 121st, 193 men; 
183d, 17 men; 198th, 910 men, and Battery D, 2d Penna. Heavy Ar- 
tillery, 140 men. The cavalry was represented by detachments, march- 
ing dismounted, of the 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, nth, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 
i6th, i8th, 19th and 20th Regiments. In the rear of the military came 
the sailors and marines from the United States ships in port. 




313 



FAMOUS WAR SONGS 



A NUMBER of the most stirring songs popular in, the Civil 
War period originated in or were identified with Philadelphia. 
One of the most prolific lyrists of the time was Sep. Winner, 
who gave to the camps "The Arms of Abraham," "Give Us 
Back Our Old Commander," "Baxter's March" and the "Zouave Quick- 
step." 

The author of "When Johnny Comes Marching Home," Thomas 
Brigham Bishop, of Wayne, Maine, lived, in his later years, at 807 
North 63d street, where he died on May 15th, 1905. His grave is in 
Mount Peace Cemetery.* 

Many versions have been printed with regard to the "John Brown 
Song." The score is included in a collection published by Oliver Ditson 
& Co., of Boston, in 1861, under the title "John Brown's Ghost." 

In 1863 the Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Regi- 
ments printed the words with the statement that the author of the 
original version was H. H. Brownell, of Hartford, Conn. The facts 
concerning this, the most popular of all songs of the camp and march, 
have been compiled by Gen. Oliver C. Bosbyshell, who has written, 
for this book, the true story. He says: 

"Mr. William Steffe, who resided many years on 36th street, below 
Chestnut street, wrote the music to which the "John Brown Song" was 
afterward attached. Some years before the Civil War a Charleston, 
S. C, fire company visited Philadelphia and engaged Mr. Steffe to 
compose an air to a song beginning "Say, Bummers, Will You Meet 
Us?" The Methodists afterward applied the catchy tune to "Say, 
Brothers, Won't You Meet Us," adding the chorus, "Glory, Glory, Hal- 
lelujah!" 

In 1861, while Col. Fletcher Webster's 12th Massachusetts Regi- 
ment was encamped at Fort Warren, it included the Brockton Military 
Band. Four members of the regiment formed an excellent quartette. 
One of them named John Brown was the butt of much wit, due to 
the similarity of his name to that of the famous abolitionist. From 
this circumstance were evolved the ringing words which were fitted to 
Steffe's music and including the Methodist "Glory, Hallelujah!" The 
Brockton band adopted the song, and, when superseded by Patrick 
Gilmore and his band, the latter took it up and played it on all oc- 
casions. Gilmore afterward published the march. 

With Gilmore and his band in the lead, the 12th Massachusetts 
Regiment marched down Broadway, New York City, every one of 

*For the information relating to this and several other war songs the writer 
is indebted to Miss Jane Campbell. 



315 

its thousand men singing the great song thus strangely evolved. They 
sang it through Philadelphia and the length of Pennsylvania avenue in 
Washington, and its echo was heard wherever loyal citizens gathered 
or soldiers of the Union grouped around the fires of a thousand camps. 
Thus the music written in Philadelphia for the firemen of a Southern 
citadel of disunion became an. inspiration, a paen of victory for the 
loyal North." 

It was a Philadelphian, Private A. D. Frankenberry, of the 15th 
Cavalry, who, with the signal corps on Kenesaw Mountain, sent Sher- 
man's message by flag over the heads of the Confederates to Corse's 
defenders at the supply depot of Allatoona Pass, which inspired P. P. 
Bliss to thrill the nation with "Hold the Fort, for I am Coming." 



RETURN OF THE COLORS 



NEVER before was Philadelphia so gorgeously panoplied with the 
red, white and blue, as upon July Fourth, 1866, for upon that 
memorable day the soldier sons of Pennsylvania were to consign 
to the loving care of their mother State the flags which they had 
followed into a hundred battles and over thousands of miles of southern 
roads. Broad, Market and Chestnut Streets were embowered with a be- 
wildering blaze of streamers and massed flowers. With the coming of day- 
light the throb of drums pulsed upon the air. By every incoming railroad 
train fresh thousands of soldiers and civilian onlookers poured into the 
already crowded streets. At Independence Hall, upon the spot facing its 
shaded square where, ninety years before John Nixon had read the "De- 
claration" of defiance to Great Britain, a great ampitheatre had been 
erected, large enough to seat five thousand people. Early to arrive were 
the children of the Soldiers' Orphan Schools, for whom seats to the right 
and left of the "Court of Honor" had been provided. Behind them, still 
sombre in their mourning garb were gathered the "invited guests," nearly 
all from the families of fallen soldiers. High up in the shadow of the 
old tower were placed the singers and the military band, A little lower 
in front stood the speaker's platform flanked by tables for the press. 
Long before the coming of the veterans every foot of ground within 
sight held its waiting citizen. Every window commanding the scene 
had its group of guests. 

Promptly at ten o'clock in the morning the march began. The head 
of the column was formed upon Broad Street above Arch Street. The 
route of the parade was down Broad Street to Market Street, to Twelfth 
Street, to Chestnut Street, to Second Street, to Walnut Street, to Inde- 
pendence Square. 



3i6 

First came Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock, his staff and escort, 
followed by the "First Defenders." Closely behind these came a garden 
of banners, each war-worn flag carried by a sergeant and escorted by 
six corporals. What cheering! What a tumult of glorious color flaunt- 
ing in the breeze! What tears from pent-up emotions of patriotic joy! 
It was thus that the Colors came to the waiting War-Governor of the 
Commonwealth. 

ORDER OF THE PARADE. 

Major-Generai. Winfield S. Hancock and staff escorted by the First Troop, Phila- 
delphia City Cavalry, and the Henry Guards. 

FIRST DIVISION. 

Major-General James S. NeglEy. 

The "First Defenders," composed of detachments from the Logan Guards, of Lewis- 
town; Allen Guard, of Allentown; Washington Artillery, of Pottsville; National 
Light Infantry, of Pottsville, and Ringgold Light Artillery, of Reading. 

SECOND DIVISION. . 

Major-General Robert Patterson. 

Detachments and color guards of the 23d, 26th, 28th, 29th, 31st, 32d, 33d, 36th, 41st, 
and 43d Artillery Reserves, s8th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 78th, 8ist, 88th, 90th, 95th, 
97th, 98th, 99th, io6th, 114th, 115th, ii6th, ii8th, 119th, 121st, 139th, i52d, 183d, 
i92d, 198th and 199th Regiments, Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

THIRD DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Charles T. Campbell. 
Detachments and color guards of the ist, 2d and 3d Artillery Regiments. 

FOURTH DIVISION. 

Major- General David McM. Gregg. 

Detachments and color guards of the 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 8th, isth and i6th Cavalry 

Regiments, escorting 

Major-General George Gordon Meade and staff. 

FIFTH DIVISION. 

Major-General John W. Geary and staff. 

Provisional troops. 

SIXTH DIVISION. 

Major-General S. WyliE Crawford. 

Soldiers' orphans in carriages, escorted by firemen. 

SEVENTH DIVISION. 

Major-General John R. Brooke. 

City militia regiments. 



317 

Upon the massing of the veteran troops at Independence Square, 
the color guards were gathered in the Court of Honor, and with impres- 
sive oratory the flags were presented by Major-General Meade to Gov- 
ernor Andrew G. Curtin, who accepted them upon b.ehalf of the State 
of Pennsylvania. 

PROGRAMME. 

Music, "Triumphal March" Birgfield's Band. 

Prayer, Rev. Thomas Brainerd, D. D. 

Music, "The Star Spangled Banner" Handel and Haydn Society. 

Presentation of the Colors to Governor Andrew G. Curtin by Major-General George 

Gordon Meade. 
Acceptance by His Excellency the Governor. 
Music, "Thanks to Almighty God for Victory and Peace." 

Music, "Old Hundred" Handel and Haydn Society. 

Music, "Coronation March" Birgfield's Band. 

Benediction. 

At the close of these exercises artillery stationed in Washington 
Square fired a salute. 

Few scenes in our National history have been attended with so much 
that was dramatic, even pathetic, as that witnessed when each war-worn 
group of veterans parted from its faded flags, to uphold which, in 
the face of the enemy, so many of their comrades had fallen. 

In the course of the day the National Union Club fired one hundred 
guns at the Penn Squares, and the Keystone Battery, under the direc- 
tion of the Union League, delivered a similar salute at the forts in 
Fairmount Park. The celebration ended with fire-works at the Penn 
Squares. In charge of the Henry Guards the battle flags were stored in 
Sansom Street Hall under guard and upon the following day were taken 
to Harrisburg. They number, with some subsequently deposited, three 
hundred and thirty standards. They have long been exhibited in glass 
cases at the building of the State Library, but provision has been made 
for their permanent array in the corridors of the new State Capitol 
Building. 

The Official Catalogue, revised by the State Librarian, the Hon. 
Thomas L. Montgomery, for this book, contains the complete list of 
flags borne by the Pennsylvania Regiments in the Civil War, now in 
possession of the State of Pennsylvania. 

COLORS AND STANDARDS OF THE VARIOUS PENNSYLVANIA REGI- 
MENTS AND BATTERIES DEPOSITED IN THE CAPITOL BUILDINGS 
AT HARRISBURG.* 

Organisation. No. Flags Organization. No. Flags Organisation. No. Flags 

nth Regiment 2 28th 3 32d (3d Reserves) . . 2 

23d I 29th 2 33d (4th Reserves) . . 2 

26th I 30th (ist Reserves) . . 2 34th (5th Reserves) . . 2 

27th 2 31st (2d Reserves) . . 2 3Sth (6th Reserves) . . 2 

*From souvenir, "Return of the Colors," July 4th, 1866, published by William 
D. Moore. 



3i8 



Organisation. No. Flags 
36th (7th Reserves) . . i 
37th (8th Reserves') . . 2 
38th (gth Reserves) . . 2 
39th (loth Reserves) . . 2 
40th (nth Reserves) . . 2 
41st (i2th Reserves) . . 2 
42d (ist Rifles) ...... 2 

43d (ist Artillery) i 

44th (ist Cavalry) 2 

45th 2 

46th 3 

47th 2 

48th 2 

49th 2 

50th 3 

51st 8 

52d 2 

S3d 3 

S4th o 

55th 2 

56th 3 

57th 3 

58th 2 

59th (2d Cavalry) i 

60th (3d Cavalry) 2 

6ist 3 

62d I 

63d .'.'. 2 

64th (4th Cavalry)... 3 
65th (sth Cavalry)... 2 
67th -, 

68th ; ; ; ; 5 

69th 2 

70th (6th Cavalry)... i 

71st I 

72d I 

73d 3 

74th I 

75th 2 

76th 4 

77th 3 

78th 4 

79th 2 

80th (7th Cavalry)... 3 

8ist 2 

82d I 

83d 3 

84th 3 

85th 2 

87th I 

88th 3 

89th (8th Cavalry)... i 

90th I 

91st 2 

92d (9th Cavalry) 2 

93d 2 

9Sth 3 



Organisation. No. Flags 

96th I 

97th 2 

98th 2 

99th I 

looth 3 

lOISt I 

I02d 3 

103d "i 

104th 2 

105th 5 

io6th I 

107th 2 

io8th (nth Cavalry), i 

109th 2 

iioth 3 

iiith 3 

Ii2th (2d Artillery) . . 3 
113th (i2th Cavalry), i 

114th I 

115th I 

Ii6th 4 

n7th (r3th Cavalry), i 

ii8th 4 

I igth I 

I2ISt 3 

I22d I 

123d 4 

124th I 

125th I 

126th I 

127th I 

128th I 

129th 2 

130th I 

131st I 

I32d 3 

133d I 

134th 2 

135th I 

136th I 

137th I 

138th 2 

139th T 

140th 2 

141st 3 

I42d 2 

143d 4 

145th r 

147th 2 

148th 3 

149th (2d Biicktails) . . 3 

150th (3d Bucktails) . . 2 

151st I 

I52d (3d Artillery) ... 2 

153d 2 

155th 2 

157th 2 



Organisation. No. Flags 

158th I 

159th (14th Cavalry), i 
i6oth (15th Cavalry) . i 
i6ist ( i6th Cavalry) . i 
i62d (17th Cavalry) . 2 
163d ( 1 8th Cavalry), o 

165th I 

i66th I 

167th 3 

i68th I 

169th I 

171st 3 

I72d I 

173d 2 

174th 

175th I 

176th I 

177th 3 

178th 1 

179th I 

i8oth (19th Cavalry) . o 
18 1st (20th Cavalry) . 
i82d (21st Cavalry) . i 

183d 3 

184th 2 

185th (22d Cavalry) . i 

i86th 2 

187th I 

i88th 2 

190th I 

191st I 

I92d 2 

193d I 

194th I 

195th I 

196th 

198th 3 

199th 2 

200th 1 

20ISt I 

202d 3 

203d 2 

204th (5th Artillery) . 2 

205th I 

206th 2 

207th I 

208th 2 

209th 2 

2ioth 2 

2iith I 

2i2th (6th Artillery) . 2 

213th 3 

214th 3 

215th "i 

32d Prov. Cavalry .... i 

Ringgold Battery, 1861 2 



319 

The Law of the Standards. 

Reverence for the standard has been elemental from the earliest times 
in the training of the soldiers of the English-speaking race. Ceremony, 
salute, respect has ever attended its presence. On the regimental colors 
were inscribed battles, skirmishes and affairs-at-arms, a remembrance of 
the glories of the past, and as an incentive to valor in the future. So 
immediately had a spirit of militarism seized our people that recognition 
of this tradition found forceful expression within the month following 
the opening of hostilities in the passage by the Legislature of Pennsyl- 
vania of the following : 

JOINT RESOLUTION 

Relative to the providing of Standards for the several Regiments of Pennsylvania 
called or to be called into the service of the United States. 

Section i. Resolved, by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met. That the Governor 
of the Commonwealth be requested to ascertain how the several regiments raised 
in Pennsylvania during the War of the Revolution and the War of 1812 and the 
War with Mexico were numbered, among what divisions of the service they were 
distributed, and where the said regiments distinguished themselves in action. That 
having ascertained the particulars aforesaid he shall provide regimental standards 
to be inscribed with the numbers of those regiments respectively, on which shall 
be painted the arms of this Commonwealth and the names of the actions in which 
said regiments distinguished themselves. That the standards so inscribed shall be 
delivered to the regiments now in the field or forming corresponding to the 
regiments of Pennsylvania in former wars. 

Sect. 2. That the Governor do procure regimental standards for all the regi- 
ments formed or to be formed in Pennsylvania beyond the numbers in former 
wars, upon which shall be inscribed the number of the regiment and painted the 
Arms of the Commonwealth, and that all these standards, after the present 
unhappy rebellion is ended, shall be returned to the Adjutant-General of the State, 
to be further inscribed, as the valor and good conduct of each particular regiment 
inay have deserved, and that they be carefully preserved by the State to be de- 
livered to such future regiments as the military necessities of the country may 
require Pennsylvania to raise. 

ELISHA W. DAVIS, 
Speaker of the House of Representatives 

LOUIS W. HALL, 

Speaker of the Senate. 

Approved the sixteenth day of May, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred 
and sixtv-one. 

A. G. CURTIN. 
Pamphlet Laws of 1861, page 776.* 

*0f the regimental, battalion and separate company organizations enlisted in 
the National service during the Civil War, numbering 3,559, Pennsylvania furnished 
383, being exceeded, numerically, only by Missouri and New York. The Missouri 
organizations, however, averaged only 244 men. Pennsylvania was, therefore, 
only second to New York in the number of officers and men furnished. 



MAJOR=QEN. CHARLES FERGUSON SMITH 



IN the impressive array of names of distinguished officers of the army 
whose Hves were cut short in the course of the Civil War, while 
serving their country, none among those from Philadelphia, per- 
haps from the country at large, is more deserving of remembrance 
than that of Major-Gen. Charles Ferguson Smith. The career of this 
officer began as a cadet in 1820. He was born in Philadelphia, grandson 
of John Blair Smith, D. D., second pastor of the Pine Street Church. 

Charles Ferguson Smith won honors for gallantry in the principal 
battles of the Mexican War. He was stationed, as commandant, at the 
United States Military Academy during the cadetship of U. S. Grant, 
and when they were brought together in the western army in the early 
operations of General Grant he did not hesitate to avail himself of Gen- 
eral Smith's advice. 

In his memoirs General Grant makes frequent mention of his ad- 
miration for General Smith's abilities, which had then gained for him 
the rank of major-general.* His death on April 25th, 1862, was due 
to exposure after the capture of Fort Donelson. He was buried, with an 
imposing military funeral, at the Laurel Hill Cemetery, on May 6th, 
i862.t 



THE DAHLQRENS 



John A. Dahlgren, Vice-Admiral U. S. Navy. 

SON of a Swedish merchant resident in Philadelphia, John A. Dahl- 
gren was born upon November 13th, 1809. He entered the navy 
in 1826, and at the opening of the Rebellion was stationed at 
the Washington Navy Yard. When his superior officer, Capt. 
Franklin Buchanan, resigned to join the Southern cause. Lieutenant 
Dahlgren took command and was largely instrumental in saving that 
important navy yard from capture by the enemy. He was advanced to 
the rank of captain and appointed chief of the Bureau of Ordnance. 
In 1863, co-operating with Vice-Admiral Gilmore, he silenced the Con- 
federate guns of Fort Sumter and opened the harbor of Charleston. An 

* The statement is made in "Under the Old Flag" (Wilson) that Gen. Smith 
would probably have become the commanding general of the armies had he lived. 
Gen. William T. Sherman is credited with having held that opinion. 

fA full description of this funeral may be found in The History of the First 
Regiment N. G. P., Latta. 

320 



321 

accomplished master of gunnery, he succeeded in linking his name with 
improved types of cannon, ranging from boat howitzers to the heaviest 
guns then made for the armament of war ships and forts. Subsequently, 
with the rank of rear admiral, he commanded the South Pacific Squad- 
ron. In 1870 he was again placed in command of the navy yard at 
Washington, where he died upon July 12th of that year. 

CoLONEi, Ulric Dahlgren. 

The name of Ulric Dahlgren has ever recalled to veterans of the 
cavalry service one who was an ideal leader, and whose tragic end was 
mourned by all who had known and followed him. He was the son of 
Capt. (afterward Rear Admiral) John A. Dahlgren of Philadelphia. 
His first service was in the navy, but upon the opening of the war, at 
the age of nineteen years, he ranked as captain of artillery in the United 
States service. Endowed with great energy, bravery and good judg- 
ment, he was in demand as an aide and so served upon the staffs of 
Generals Stahl, Sigel, Hooker and Meade. Before and after the battle 
of Gettysburg he undertook important services. Upon July 8th, 1863, 
in a cavalry charge upon the retreating Confederates, at Hagerstown, 
Md., he was wounded, resulting in the loss of a leg. After leaving the 
hospital he again became active. As second in command, under General 
Kilpatrick, he participated in the historic cavalry raid of March, 1864, 
intended for the release of the Union prisoners at Richmond. Detaching 
five hundred men, he was sent forward by Kilpatrick and reached the 
James River. The treachery of a guide involved a loss of time, and his 
small force was surrounded. At the head of one hundred horsemen he 
attempted to fight his way out. He was killed, with many of his men, 
and the balance were captured. Colonel Dahlgren's body was eventually 
brought, with the help of friendly Virginians, within the Union lines. 
It was laid in state at Independence Hall, from which, under military 
escort, the body of the young hero was conveyed to Laurel Hill Cemetery. 



THOMAS BUCHANAN READ 



Although the fame of this lyrist rests upon a single contribution 
to the poetry of the Civil War, his "Sheridan's Ride," he wrote a num- 
ber of stirring war poems and recited often in the camps at the front. 
He was born in Chester County but lived much of his life in Philadel- 
phia, being a cigar maker by trade and, later, a student of art abroadu 
His patriotic verses were published in book form in 1865. He died in 
New York City in 1872. 
21 



JAMES E. MURDOCH 

AMONG the patriotic civilians of Philadelphia, the services of 
James E. Murdoch, actor and orator, are recalled by thousands 
of old soldiers. Stately and picturesque, his powerful war 
lyrics were a feature of enlistment meetings, in the camps at 
the front and the wards of the military hospitals. Especially favorite 
with him were the inspiring verses of a group of poets closely identified 
with Philadelphia and its vicinity, which included Thomas Buchanan 
Read, Bayard Taylor, Lucy Hamilton Hooper, Francis De Haes Janvier 
and George H. Boker. 

Colonel Forney is credited with the opinion that Professor Mur- 
doch's presence in a camp as an inspiration to weary and home-sick 
soldiers was as good as an added regiment of troops. This gifted man 
lost one son at Chickamauga, and another came out of the war in a 
disabled condition. 



MILITARY ORDER OF THE LOYAL LEGION 



I 



"^HE Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States 
had its inception on that saddest day, at the conclusion of 
the Civil War, when humanity throughout the world was 
shocked by the death of Abraham Lincoln. "In honor of that 
illustrious leader and of the great cause for which we had fought; in 
recognition of the affectionate friendship which had been inspired among 
the officers of the Army then about to disband ; in historic recollection 
of the Society of the Cincinnati, which had embraced the officers of the 
Revolutionary Army, it was determined to form this Order ; and at a 
meeting of a few officers in the city of Philadelphia the initial steps 
were that day taken for its organization. It was the first of the military 
societies which followed, or rather accompanied, the close of the War."* 
On April 15th, 1865, a meeting was held at the office of Lieut.-Col. 
Thomas EUwood Zell, in Philadelphia, to take action for the officers 
and ex-officers of the Army and Navy to act as a guard of honor to the 
remains of the President. It was determined by those present to call 
a meeting of those who had served in the Rebellion on April 20th, when 
Col. Zell presented a motion, which was adopted, that a society should 
be formed to commemorate the events and principles of the War for 
the Union, then drawing to a close, and that measures should be adopted 
to promote that object. Subsequent meetings of those interested were 
held and a provisional organization was effected at a meeting held May 

*From General Charles Devens's Twenty-fifth Anniversary Oration. 

322 



323 

3 1 St in the room in Independence Hall where the first Senate and House 
of Representatives of the United States assembled and in which Wash- 
ington was inaugurated. (From "The Organization of the Loyal Legion," 
by Col. Zell, in "United Service Magazine," February, 1889.) 

Brevet Lieut.-Col. Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell, Lieut.-Col. Thomas 
Ellwood Zell, and Capt. Peter Dirck Keyser are designated as the founders 
of the Order, Col. Mitchell's insignia and diploma being No. i. 

The plan of a permanent organization having been perfected, the 
Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania was organized November 4th, 
1865, to date from April 15th, commemorating the day of the first meet- 
ing. Major-Gen. George Cadwalader was elected Commander, and Col. 
Mitchell, Recorder; both served also as Acting Commander-in-Chief and 
Acting Recorder-in-Chief, respectively, until their deaths in 1879. The 
Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania continued to be the Acting 
Commandery-in-Chief until October 21st, 1885, when the Commandery-in- 
Chief was organized. Major-Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock having become 
Acting Commander-in-Chief, in 1879, was elected the first Commander- 
in-Chief, serving until his death in 1886. The successive Commanders- 
in-Chief have been: Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan, 1886; Brevet Major- 
Gen. Rutherford Birchard Hayes, 1889; Brig.-Gen. Lucius Fairchild, 
1892; Major-Gen. John Gibbon, 1895; Rear Admiral Bancroft Gherardi, 
1896; Lieut. -Gen. John McAllister Schofield, 1899; Brevet Major-Gen. 
David McMurtrie Gregg, 1903 ; Major-Gen,. John Rutter Brooke, 1905 ; 
Major-Gen. Granville M. Dodge, 1907 ; Lieut. -Gen. John C. Bates, 1909 ; 
Rear Admiral George W. Melville, 191 1; Lieut. -Gen. Arthur McArthur, 
1912; Col. Arnold A. Rand, 1913. Brevet Lieut.-Col. John Page Nichol- 
son succeeded Colonel Mitchell as Acting Recorder-in-Chief in 1879, 
and in 1885 became Recorder-in-Chief, serving continuously to the present 
time. 

Among Commanders of State Commanderies have been : Major-Gen. 
George Cadwalader, Brevet-Major Gen. D. McM. Gregg, Major-Gen. 
John R. Brooke, Pennsylvania ; Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Admiral David 
G. Farragut, New York; Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, Illinois; Ex-Presi- 
dent Rutherford B. Hayes and Benjamin Harrison, and Gen. William T. 
Sherman, Ohio; Lieut. -Gens. John M. Schofield, Nelson A. Miles and 
Samuel B. M. Young, California. 

All legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Order, com- 
posed of three representatives from each Commandery, which meets 
quadrennially. 

The executive and judicial power is vested in the Commandery-in- 
Chief, which consists of the Commanders, ex-Commanders, Vice-Com- 
manders, ex-Vice-Commanders, Recorders and ex-Recorders of the vari- 
ous Commanderies. It meets annually. 

Six meetings yearly is the average among the Commanderies ; the 
proceedings generally include business meeting, collation and reading of 
a historical paper. Many volumes of these contributions to the history 



324 

of the Rebellion have been published. A majority of the Commanderies 
maintain permanent headquarters and possess valuable collections of 
books, pictures and relics pertaining to the War period. 

CoMMANDERY OF THE State OF PENNSYLVANIA. Headquarters, Phila- 
delphia. Instituted April 15th, 1865. Acting Commandery-in-Chief, 
1865 to 1885. Commander, Gen. Charles G. Sawtelle. Recorder, 
Col. John P. Nicholson. In 1888 the largest in membership; since 
that year has been second in number of members. Original, 688; 
Hereditary and Second Class, 405 ; Third Class, i ; total, 1095. 

This Commandery is now permanently located in a spacious suite 
of rooms upon the fifth floor of the Flanders Building, southeast corner 
of Fifteenth and Walnut streets, including in its treasured possessions 
an extensive collection of Civil War portraits, prints and relics, and a 
comprehensive military and naval library. 

In addition to his duties as Recorder-in-Chief, Col. Nicholson is 
also Chairman of the Gettysburg National Park Commission and Vice- 
President of the Valley Forge Park Commission. 

Dames of the Loyal Legion. 
The Dames of the Loyal Legion Society of Pennsylvania is com- 
posed of the wives and daughters -of Union Officers who served in the 
Civil War. The present officers are: Mrs. Frank A. Hutchinson, Presi- 
dent ; Mrs. Arthur A. Scott, Senior Vice-President ; Mrs. Robert Wetherill, 
Junior Vice-President ; Mrs. Clarence W. Bispham, Recorder ; Mrs. Will- 
iam Irish, Treasurer; Mrs. Thompson F. Edwards, Registrar; Miss 
Frances R, Edwards, Color Bearer. 



THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC* 



MILE upon mile of dusty, tattered, but glorified regiments ; hour 
after hour of martial music, of scenes that were full of cheer- 
ing, of ecstasy and of sobbing. So the armies of the Union 
marched through Washington, passing in review before the 
statesmen and military chiefs of the Nation. Behind them were the graves 
of the fallen, before them the renewed problems of civil life. A few 

*The discharged officers and soldiers of the United States Army, residing in 
Philadelphia, held a meeting, the presiding officer being Lieut.-Col. Henry A. Cook, 
of Baxter's Fire Zouaves, and proposed to secure a charter for a society of veterans 
and to establish branch organizations throughout Pennsylvania. Army and Navy 
Journal, May, 1865. 

This was one of the many now forgotten movements which, a year later, found 
.solution in the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic. 



325 

more days of drums, breeze-tossed flags, of fervent oratory, as each 
group of survivors came to its own community, and the rifles were 
stacked in the armories, the swords and sashes placed above domestic 
mantels. The war was over. 

Beside the camp-fires, from the Potomac to the Mississippi, men had 
dreamed and talked of the preservation of comradeship. Many plans 
were suggested. Politicians were alert to a great opportunity. But it 
was an army surgeon in the home city of the martyred War President 
who showed the way to success. 

Having organized the first post of the Grand Army of the Republic 
at Decatur, III, on April 6th, 1866, the founder of the order, Dr. Benja- 
min F. Stephenson, called together representative soldiers from all sec- 
tions of the State, and submitted, with explanations, the principles upon 
which the Grand Army of the Republic was destined to build the greatest 
association of veteran soldiery known to history. This meeting was held 
at Springfield, 111., on July 12th, 1866. As commander-in-chief, Dr. 
Stephenson called through Adjutant-Gen. J. C. Webber and Major Robert 
M. Woods, the first National Encampment to convene at Indianapolis, 
Ind., on November 20th, 1866. At this time Wisconsin and Iowa and 
posts in Pennsylvania had been organized, and during the encampment 
Indiana joined the movement. 

The fifth State to organize a department, and the first of the sea- 
board States, was Pennsylvania. 

The Second National Encampment was held at Philadelphia, Janu- 
ary 15th, i6th and 17th, 1868, Major-Gen. John A. Logan being elected 
commander-in-chief. The institution of an annual Memorial Day was 
introduced by Gen. Logan. The purposes of the order are epitomized 
in the words "Friendship, Charity and Loyalty." Former rank is not 
officially recognized in the order. All honorably discharged soldiers, 
sailors and marines are eligible to membership, the commander of an 
army corps and the private soldier being upon an equality in the post- 
room. 

Membership in the order passed beyond one hundred thousand in 
1883 and reached its zenith at four hundred and nine thousand four 
hundred and eighty members, in good standing, in 1890. The national 
m-cmbership in 191 1 was one hundred and ninety-one thousand three 
hundred and forty-six. The membership in that year (fifty years after 
the opening of the Civil War), in the State of Pennsylvania, was nine- 
teen thousand two hundred and ninety-eight. 

Past Commanders-in-Chief from Phieadelphia and Vicinity. 

John F. Hartranft 1875-1876 

Louis Wagner 1879 

Robert B. Beath 1883 

J. P. S. Gobin 1897 

Thomas J. Stewart 1902 



326 

Senior Vice Commander-in-Chief. 
Joshua T. Owen 1868 

Past Department Commanders from Philadei^phia. 

Louis Wagner 1866-1S67 

A. R. Calhoun 1870 

Robert B. Death 1873 

A. Wilson Norris 1874 

James W. Latta 1876 

S. Irvin Givin 1877 

John Taylor 1881 

John M. Vanderslice 1882 

William Emsley 1894 

James F. Morrison 1899 

Lewis W. Moore 1910 

Sessions of the National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, Held 

IN Philadelphia. 

January 15th. 1868 Second Encampment. 

June 30th 1876 Tenth Encampment. 

September 6th 1899 Thirty-third Encampment. 

POSTS OF THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC IN ORGANIZATION 
IN PHILADELPHIA JANUARY ist, 1912. 

No. Post. Location. Meetings. 

I. Gen. George G. Meade. . Parkway Building Monday. 

2 667-669 N. Twelfth Street Thursday. 

5. Gen. U. S. Grant 1706 South Street Tuesday. 

6. Ellis Town Hall, Germantown Thursday. 

7. Capt. Walter S. Newhall.Girard Ave. and Eyre Street. . Tuesday. 

8. Gen. E. D. Baker 1417 Columbia Avenue Thursday. 

10. Lieut. John T. Greble 721 Wharton Street Monday. 

12. Hetty A. A. Jones Roxborough Monday. 

14. Col. Ulric Dahlgren 2434 Kensington Avenue First and third 

Tuesday. 

15. Gen. G. K. Warren Carson Street, Manayunk Thursday. 

18. Col. Wm. L. Curry 317 N. Twentieth Street Thursday. 

19. Col. Fred. Taylor 1431 Brown Street Thursday. 

21. Courtland Saunders Thirty-ninth St. above Market 

street MondaJ^ 

24. Admiral DuPont Broad and Federal Streets. . . . Second and fourth 

Monday. 

27. John W. Jackson 409 S. Eleventh Street First Wednesday. 

(Colored) 

35. The Cavalry Parkway Building First Thursda}^ 

46. Col. Gus. W. Town 1421 South Street Wednesday. 

51. Capt. Philip R. Schuyler. . Sepviva and Norris Streets. .. Thursday. 

55 Gen. Phil. Kearny 4604 Frankford Avenue Monday. 

56. Col. John W. Moore 3930 Lancaster Avenue First and third 

Friday. 

63. Gen. D. B. Birney Germantown Avenue and Dia- 
mond Street Wednesday. 

71. Gen. John F. Reynolds. . . 1226 S. Eighth Street Wednesday. 

77. (no name) 524 N. Sixth Street Second Friday. 



327 

No. Post. Location. Meetings. 

80. Robert Bryan S. W. Cor. Eleventh and Fitz- 

Colored) water Streets Tuesday. 

94. Anna M. Ross Girard Avenue and Hutchinson 

6treet Monday. 

103. Charles Sumner 1224 N. Eleventh Street Second and fourth 

(Colored) Wednesday. 

114. Winfield Scott 2054 Ridge Avenue Monday. 

115. Gen. John A. Logan 1231 S. Seventeenth Street. .. Wednesday. 

160. Gen. Hector Tyndale 1365 Ridge Avenue Saturday. 

191. Penna. Reserve S.W. Cor. Fifth and Chestnut 

Streets Wednesday. 

228. John A. Koltes 236-238 George Street First Sunday. 3 P. M. 

275. Gen. Robert Patterson. . .1131 S. Broad Street First and third 

Wednesday. 
312. Lieut. Edw. W. Gay 2214 Germantown Avenue First and third 

Wednesday. 

334. Col. James Ashworth Frankford Wednesday. 

363. Gen. T. C. Deven Parkway Building First Thursday. 

400. The Naval 132 S. Eighth Street Wednesday. 

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE LOCAL HISTORY OF THE GRAND ARMY 

OF THE REPUBLIC 

October 17th, 1866. — Organization of a Post of the G. A. R. Commander 
Clayton McMichael (designated Post i). 

October 29th. — Organization of a Post of the G. A. R. Commander, S. B. 
Wyhe Mitchell (later designated Post 2). 

January i6th, 1877. — A permanent department of the Department of Penn- 
sylvania, organized at Philadelphia. Gen. Louis Wagner, Commander. 

January iSth, 1868. — Second Annual National Encampment convened at In- 
dependence Hall, Philadelphia. Gen. Louis Wagner, Commander. 

May 31st, 1868. — First annual observance of Memorial Day by Posts of the 
G. A. R. and the public. 

June 30th, 1876. — Tenth National Encampment convened at the headquarters 
of Post 2, Thirteenth and Spring Garden Street, Philadelphia. 

May i6th, 1877. — General U. S. Grant was mustered into George G. Meade, 
Post I, by special dispensation, at the office of Mr. George W. Childs in the 
Public Ledger building. Reception at Independence Hall. 

July, 1877. — The Grand Army Posts were organized as veteran emergency 
regiments to preserve order in the city during the railroad riots. 

October 19th, 1877. — First observance of "Grand Army Day." Parade of 
the Posts and review at the Permanent Exhibition in Fairmount Park by Com- 
mander-in-Chief J. C. Robinson, Governor John F. Hartranft, Gen. George B. 
McClellan, Gen. S. P. Heintzelman, Gen. D. McM. Gregg and other distinguished 
ofiEicers. 

December 12th, 1879. — Magnificent welcome to ex-President U. S. Grant by 
the veteran soldiers of the city, upon his return from his tour of the world. Re- 
ception at the Academy of Music. 

September i6th, 1887. — Grand Army Day of the Centennial Celebration of 
Adoption of the National Constitution. 

September 4th-9th, 1899. — Thirty-third Annual National Encampment G. A. 
R., held at Philadelphia. An event of nation-wide notice, attended by a general 
suspension of business, splendid public and private decorations and an imposing 
parade of the veterans of the Union Army and Navy, escorted by the local military. 

October, 1898. — Peace Jubilee. Led by Gen. Nelson A. Miles, chief marshal. 
The Posts of the Grand Army of the Republic joined with the National Guard 



328 

of Pennsylvania in honoring the heroes and vokmteers who served in the war 
with Spain. 

October gth, 1908. — "Historical Day" of the Founders' Week Celebration, a 
leading feature of which was the parade of local and visiting G. A. R. Posts and 
of the Sons of Veterans, the latter uniformed and armed to represent the depart- 
ing regiments of the Civil War. The details of this last great parade of the Grand 
Army of the Republic in the City of Philadelphia was in charge of a committee 
from the Grand Army Association, consisting of Comrade Robert B. Beath, Chair- 
man ; John D. Worman, Secretary ; James W. Latta, St. Clair A. MulhoUand, 
Joseph R. Craig, Charles A. Suydam and Henry I. Yohn. 

June 30th to July 4th, 1913. — Fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg. 
As guests of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the States, North and South, and 
of the National Government, this remarkable and unique event was attended by a 
host of veterans of the Union and the Confederate armies, meeting under one flag and 
pledged to renewed loyalty to the Government of the United States. 



MEMORIAL DAY IN PHILADELPHIA 




NNUALLY during a period of forty-five years the members 
of the Grand Army of the Republic all over the country have 
assembled pursuant to official orders at their Post headquarters 
and, after appropriate services, have marched to the burial 
places of their departed comrades to mark their graves with flowers. 
Veterans of the naval service cast their wreaths upon the waters of the 
seas. Armed escorts of Post Guards and Sons of Veterans discharge 
volleys over the dead, and the grandchildren of the veterans gone and 
yet to go march with the ever-lessening lines to the solemn dirge of 
bands and the beat of muflled drums. 

The duties of this day are divided, in Philadelphia, among the 
several Posts, each taking charge of the ceremonies, as a rule, year after 
year at the same cemeteries. The assignments are as follows : 

Post I. North, South and Central Laurel Hill. 

Post 2. Monument Cemetery. 

Post 5. Mt. Moriah (Philadelphia portion), St. James Cemetery, Sixty-ninth 
Street and Woodland Avenue, and the grave of Anna M. Ross at Monument 
Cemetery. 

Post 6. All cemeteries in Germantown and Chelten Hills. (Camp No. 9, Sons 
of Veterans, Holy Sepulchre and Ivy Hills Cemeteries.) 

Post 7. Palmer and Hanover Cemeteries and Walter S. Newhall monument. 

Post 8. Glenwood Cemetery. 

Post 12. Leverington, St. Timothy's Presb3'terian, Lutheran and St. Mary's, 
Roxborough, Cemeteries. Hetty Jones' monument. 

Post 15. German Reformed, St.' David's, St. John's, German Catholic, West- 
minster and Presbyterian (Manayunk) Cemeteries. 

Post 18. Fernwood and Col. W. L. Curry's grave at South Laurel Hill. 

Post 19. Odd Fellows' Cemetery. 

Post 21. Woodland, Cathedral, Quaker (at Darby), Melrose and Baptist 
(Blockley) Cemeteries. 

Post 24. Hebrew Cemetery. 

Post 27. Merion and Eden Cemeteries. 




MASSED SCHOOL CHILDREN. A BEAUTIFUL FEATURE OF THE 33D NATIONAL 
ENCAMPMENT OF THE G. A. R., SEPTEMBER, 1899. 




BREVET MAJOR-GEN. ST. CLAIR A. MULHOLLAND AND STAFF, VETERAN 
DIVISION, FOUNDERS' WEEK PARADE, OCTOBER, 1908. 



329 

Post 35. West Laurel Hill and McClellan monument. 

Post 46. Ronaldson, Philanthropic, St. Peter's (Third and Pine Streets), Old 
Pine Street Church Cemeteries, the graves of Commodore Stephen Decatur, Capt. 
Ross of First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, George M. Dallas and William 
Hurry (who, the tradition is, rang the State Plouse bell when the Declaration of 
Independence was proclaimed). 

Post 51. Frankhn, St. Ann's, Bellevue, St. Peter's, Holy Redeemer Cemeteries, 
and the grave of Capt. Philip R. Schuyler, at Monument Cemetery. 

Post 55. St. Joachim's, Cedar Hill, North Cedar Hill, CheUenham, Oxford 
Church, Pennypack, Bridesburg, MagnoHa and Bustleton Cemeteries. 

Post 56. Mt. Moriah (west side) and Graceland Cemeteries. 

Post 63. Oakland and Knights of Pythias' Cemeteries and the grave of Gen. 
David B. Birney. 

Post 71. Old Swedes' (Gloria Dei), Union and Mutual Cemeteries and the 
Reynolds monument. 

Post 77. Olney Cemetery. 

Post 80. Wilmot and Bethel Cemeteries. 

Post 94. American Mechanics' Cemetery. 

Post 103. Olive Cemetery. 

Post 114. Mt. Vernon and St. James the Less Cemeteries. 

Post 115. Trinity Lutheran Cemetery. 

Post 160. Mt. Peace Cemetery and the grave of Gen. Hector Tyndale at 
North Laurel Hill. 

Post 191. Fifth and Arch Streets, Fernwood, Christ Church Cemeteries and 
the tomb of Robert Morris. 

Post 228. German Lutheran Cemetery and the grave of Col. John A. Koltes 
at Glenwood Cemetery. 

Post 275. St. Mary's and Philadelphia Cemeteries and grave of Gen. Francis 
E. Patterson at Laurel Hill. 

Post 312. Northwood, Milestown Baptist and Methodist Cemeteries and the 
grave of Lieut. E. W. Gay. 

Post 334. Methodist, Presbyterian, Mt. Sinai, Hedge Street (Holmesburg), 
All Saints' (Collegeville) and German Hill (Torresdale) Cemeteries and the grave 
of Col. James Ashworth at Cedar Hill. 

Post 363. National Cemetery, Germantown. 

Post 400. Mt. Moriah (naval plot) and St. Mary's (Fourth and Pine streets) 
Cemeteries. 



NATIONAL CEMETERY AT PHILADELPHIA 



I 



"^ HIS cemetery is located in the suburb of Pittville, at the inter- 
section of Haines Street and Limekiln Pike. The soldiers, both 
Union and Confederates, who died at the several military hos- 
pitals of the city in the course of the war, are buried here, having 
been removed from the local cemeteries to this beautiful tract. The total 
interments to June 30th, 1913, are 3,288 of identified soldiers and 40 
of those unknown. This includes 180 known and 4 unknown Con- 
federates. A monument to these Southern soldiers was recently dedicated 
by the local Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy. All but 40 of the 
444 bodies of soldiers remaining in Mt. Moriah Cemetery are in charge 
of the Superintendent of the National Cemetery. 



GRAND ARMY ASSOCIATION 



1 



"^ HIS central organization of the Grand Army of the RepubHc 
in Philadelphia was formed July 26th, 1895, as a responsible 
medium for the relief of indigent veterans and widows of sol- 
diers of the Civil War, and also for the advancement of thQ 
interests of the Grand Army of the Republic in all honorable particulars. 
It is formed from four delegates, elected annually, from each post in 
Philadelphia and Camden, N. J. Regular monthly meetings are held at 
the southwest corner of Fifth and Chestnut streets, in the room in which 
met the first Supreme Court of the United States. The Grand Army As- 
sociation undertakes to relieve the local posts from the annoyance of im- 
postors, to assist soldiers in securing pensions, to see that deceased soldiers 
and soldiers' widows receive proper burial, and to dispense charity to all 
having a proper claim. It has thus paid out since its organization above 
$10,000, the majority of the male beneficiaries not being members of the 
Grand Army of the Republic. Annual reunions are held at Willow Grove 
Park which attract thousands of veterans, their families and friends. 
The first president was Hon. G. Harry Davis of Post i (deceased) ; sec- 
ond president, Joseph R. Craig, Post 2 (deceased) ; third president. 
Col. R. B. Beath, Post 5, Past Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army 
of the Republic; fourth president (present incumbent), Joshua R. Field, 
Post 19. Secretary, dating from organization, Henry I. Yohn, Post i ;* 
first treasurer, Edwin Walton (deceased) ; second and present treasurer, 
C. F. Gramlich. 



REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATIONS 



T 



"^HE spirit of fraternity and loyalty to soldierly traditions among 
the veterans who had again assumed the duties of civil life 
naturally prompted the organization of regimental associations 
for the perpetuation of friendships and for mutual aid in the 
years to come. Strong in numbers and enthusiasm in the earlier years 
of their existence, many of these associations, whose survivors are now 

*Comrade Henry Irvin Yohn, a sturdy representative of Pennsylvania Dutch 
stock, joined the Union Army when fourteen years old, in 1S62. The following 
year he was transferred to the ist U. S. Cavalry, and had the distinction of being 
the youngest cavalryman then in the ranks of the regular army. His enlistment 
being for a term of five years, he accompanied his regiment to the far West, and 
as sergeant served in the campaigns against the Apache Indians in Arizona. He 
has long held the position of Chief Deputy, Bureau of Delinquent Taxes, Phila- 
delphia. 



331 

few and scattered, have ceased to exist ; others continued to be a 
rallying point and refuge, in their old age, to their ever-lessening list 
of adherents. Could the individual records of these minor societies be 
printed, it would afford an impressive story of fidelity of the strong 
to the weak. In the weary march along the devious road of life none 
have been left helpless and abandoned to their fate. Some of the more 
active of the regimental associations have made and continue to enjoy 
annual excursions to the scenes of their campaigns as soldiers. In some 
instances members of wealth have left sum.s of money for this purpose. 
By far the most important of the many thmgs accomplished by the 
associations is seen in the beautiful and costly monuments erected, with 
state assistance,* and dedicated upon the site of their positions on the 
battle line, marking for all time the scenes where they fought, notably 
at Antietam, Gettysburg and around Chattanooga, t These memorials 
have been committed to the care of the National Government, an ex- 
ception being the superb monument of the Philadelphia Brigade at 
Antietam, which is left to the guardianship of the City of Philadelphia, 
which provided the fund for its erection. 

Among the most active of the veteran associations still existent 
in this city are those of the 23d, 26th, 28th, 29th, 50th, 68th, 71st, 72d, 
73d, 75th, 88th, 90th, 91st, 95th, io6th, 109th, 114th, ii8th, 119th and 
i2ist Infantry, the Reserve Corps Association, the Philadelphia Brigade 
Association, the 3d, 5th, 6th, 15th and 20th Cavalry, the 2d Heavy 
Artillery. 



ORGANIZATIONS OF NAVAL VETERANS 



^ ■ ^HE pioneer organization of Union veterans of the naval force 
I was the Farragut Naval Veteran Association No. i, formed at 
i^ Philadelphia within two years after the close of the war. Sub- 
sequently, similar independent associations were organized in 
other cities, but it was not until 1887 that the project, often discussed, 
of a union of these scattered bodies was realized. In that year the 
National Association of Naval Veterans of the United States of America 
was formed at New York City. The order includes, as eligible, any 
officer or enlisted man who served in the United States Navy, Marine 
Corps or Revenue Marine during any portion of the period from April, 

*The earliest battle monuments erected in the South were dedicated by Massa- 
chusetts and Pennsylvania troops at Bull Run and Groveton, Va., June 12th, 1865. 

fThe State of Pennsylvania awarded to each regiment the sum of $1,500 to pay 
the cost of battlefield monuments. Nearly all of those erected were far more ex- 
pensive, the additional outlay being met by the Regimental Associations. 



332 

i86i, to August, 1865. The Second National Convention met at Phila- 
delphia in the hall of Naval Post 400, in September of the following 
year. Generally, the annual conventions of the order have been held 
at the same places and coincidentally with the National Encampments 
of the Grand Army of the Republic, with which the majority of the 
navy veterans are identified and which includes three posts, composed 
exclusively of seamen, one of which, Post 400, organized in 1883, is 
located in Philadelphia. 

An independent association, which is still existent in Philadephia, 
is the Naval Veteran Legion, which is closely allied to Naval Post 400. 
The Legion originated in a reunion of the survivors of the crew of 
the U. S. Sloop-of-War Jamestown, who were shipwrecked during a 
voyage around the world in the course of the Civil War.* The Phila- 
delphia Naval Veteran Association No. 32, once strong in numbers, 
still musters about fifty surviving members. The present officers of 
this local association are Commander William J. McEwan, Lieut.-Com- 
mander Solomon Asher, Lieut. Louis E. Keen, Surgeon Charles W. 
Karsner, Paymaster Albert T. Young; Secretary, Jacob Teal; Assistant 
Secretary, Charles Shotwell; Chaplain, Charles F. Dyce. 



THE ASSOCIATION OF UNION EX=PRISONERS OF WAR, 

PHILADELPHIA 




■"^HE Union Ex-Prisoners of War Association of Philadelphia 
was chartered on the eighth day of October, 1883, by C. C. 
Shanklin, President of the National Association of the Union 
Ex-Prisoners of War, at Cleveland, Ohio, and, although its 
ranks are being rapidly depleted by the ravages of time coupled with 
the disabilities resulting from imprisonment in the military stockades of 
the South, its members maintain the loyal and fraternal spirit which 
united them at its inception. 

During the first year of the war no formal agreement for the 
exchange of prisoners existed, captives being exchanged by mutual con- 
sent of the opposing commanders. But, as the operations of the armies 
extended, it became apparent that a better method should be devised, 
hence a cartel of exchange was agreed upon on July 22d, 1862, between 
Gen. John A. Dix and Gen. D. H. Hill, the former representing the 
United States Government, the latter the Southern Confederacy. By its 

*The voyage of the U. S. S. Jamestown, covering a period of three years, is the 
subject of an entertaining little volume written by Shipmate Isaac K. Arthur. 



333 

terms all prisoners of war were to be discharged on parole in ten days, 
the surplus on either side to be held from service until duly exchanged. 

For a year after the cartel was agreed upon exchanges progressed 
without any serious friction. Then dissatisfaction began to develop into 
a more serious rupture, hence, many of those comprising this association, 
who had been captured by the enemy, were incarcerated for many 
months, suffering terrible privations, owing to the unfortunate condi- 
tions which culminated in the entire cessation of the exchange of 
prisoners. 

The following ex-prisoners are recorded on the charter of the 
association : David T. Davis, Edmund A. Maas, Louis R. Fortescue, 
Alexander F. Nicholas, Herman J. Hambleton, Henry E. Rulon, William 
H. Blanks, Robert Stewart, James Reid, Daniel B. Meany, James Mc- 
Caulley, Chas. E. Tipton, George S. Neill, Joseph Burnes, Lewis F. 
Schiebler, Joseph E. Preston, Benjamin F. Skeen, Frank E. Moran, 
Rufus S. Read, James Noon, George L. Brown, James H. Ward. 



THE WOMEN'S RELIEF CORPS 




"^ HE Seventeenth Annual National Encampment of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, held at Denver, Colorado, in July, 1883, 
conferred official standing upon this organization of patriotic 
women as a National Auxiliary to the G. A. R. The Women's 
Relief Corps was formed from a large number of local and State corps, 
generally composed of the female relatives of soldiers and informally 
attached to various posts. The several New England corps were united 
under a Union Board, and at the Denver gathering the members of the 
Executive Committee of said Board were elected officers of the New Na- 
tional Corps. Mrs. E. Florence Barker, of Massachusetts, became the 
first President, the Senior Vice-President being Mrs. Kate B. Sherwood, 
of Ohio, who had been largely instrumental in promoting the national 
body. All loyal women were now eligible to membership. The officers 
and delegates were accorded every courtesy by the Grand Army of the 
Republic and were invited to witness the installation of Comrade Robert 
B. Beath as Commander-in-Chief. 

The objects of the Woman's Relief Corps as set forth in the pre- 
amble are : "To specially aid and assist the members of the Grand Army 
of the Republic and to perpetuate the memory of the heroic dead; to 
inculcate lessons of patriotism and love of country, not only among our 
membership, but also among our children." 



ARMY AND NAVY MEDAL-OF=HONOR MEN 

Resident in Philadelphia 




OVED by appreciation of individual deeds of exceptional 
bravery and devotion shown by soldiers in the Union army, 
an Act was passed by the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives of the United States and approved by the President 
upon July 1 2th, 1862, authorizing the Executive "to cause two thou- 
sand 'Medals of Honor' to be prepared, with suitable emblematic de- 
vices, and to direct that the same be presented in the name of Congress 
to such non-commissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish 
themselves by their gallantry in action and other soldier-like qualities 
during the present insurrection." 

By a further Act approved March 3d, 1863, commissioned officers 
were included among those eligible for heroism in action for the dis- 
tinction of the Medal of Honor. 

Under an Act approved December 21st, 1861, the Secretary of the 
Navy was authorized "to cause two hundred Medals of Honor to be 
prepared, with suitable emblematic devices, 'for presentation to such 
petty officers, seamen, landsmen and marines' as shall most distinguish 
themselves by their gallantry in action and other seaman-like qualities 
during the present war." Under a further Act approved July i6th, 
1862, seamen "distinguishing themselves in battle or by extraordinary 
heroism in the line of their profession" were eligible to promotion to 
forward warrant officers or acting master's mates, "as they were best 
qualified, upon recommendation of their commanding officer, approved 
by the flag officer and the Department," and such promotion carried 
with it the right to the "Medal of Honor." 

By virtue of these Acts Medals of Honor were presented to those 
found to be worthy of them in the Federal army during the Civil 
War and to those entitled to them for service in the navy in the same 
period. These army and navy medals were distinctive in design, but 
in 1905 a new and uniform design was adopted by the Government, in 
conformity with which new medals were issued to the army branch of 
the service. 

By later enactment Congress has provided for awarding Medals 
of Honor to soldiers, sailors and marines who have distinguished them- 
selves in the service subsequent to the Civil War or may do so here- 
after. 

At Washington, D. C, upon April 23d, 1890, veterans of the army 
and navy holding "Medals of Honor" met and organized a military and 
naval order entitled the "Medal-of-Honor Legion of the United States of 
America." 

334 



335 

The constitution of the order provided for companions of the first 
class, these being the holders of such medals, and companions of the 
second class, composed of the eldest or other son nominated by a 
member, or, on failure of sons, the eldest or other daughter so nom- 
inated, these companions to be entitled upon arrival at the age of 
twenty-one years to enjoy all privileges and rights of voting existing in 
the order. Upon the death of the original holder of the "Medal of 
Honor" the son or daughter of his kin, then a companion of the sec- 
ond class, becomes, by right, a companion of the first class, thus per- 
petuating the membership of the order. A large proportion of the 
men thus distinguished by the nation identified themselves with the 
order. 

The Military Order of the Medal of Honor. 

This additional body of the holders of Medals of Honor was 
formed in New York City upon November 30th, 1909, membership 
being confined, in the first class, to those who have been awarded medals 
authorized by Congress "for distinguished gallantry in action," and, in 
the second class, to one lineal descendant of deceased members of the 
first class. 

PHILADELPHIANS WHO SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR TO WHOM 
THE MEDAL OF HONOR HAS BEEN PRESENTED BY CONGRESS. 

*Orson W. Bennett, Captain, I02d U. S. C. T. 

*Charles M. Betts, Lieutenant-Colonel, 15th Penna. Cavalry. 

*Richard Binder, Sergeant., U. S. Marine Corps. 

*Henry H. Bingham, Brevet-Brigadier-General, U. S. Volunteers. 

William R. D. Blackwood, Surgeon, 48th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Lieutenant- 
Colonel, U. S. V. 

Sylvester Bonnaffon, Jr., Captain, 99th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Lieutenant. 
Colonel, U. S. Volunteers. 

Charles H. Clawson, 6ist Penna. Infantry. 

Louis H. Carpenter, Brigadier-General, U. S. A., retired. 

Daniel Caldwell, First Lieutenant. 13th Penna. Cavalry. 
*James G. Clark, Private, 88th Penna. Infantry. 

*Charles H. T. Collis, Colonel, 114th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Major-General, 
U. S. Volunteers. 

Richard Connor, Private, 6th N. J. Infantry. 

Michael Dougherty. 13th Penna. Cavalry. 
*Edmund English, First Lieutenant and Adjutant, 7th U. S. Vet. Vol. Infantry, 
Brevet-Captain, U. S. Volunteers. 

*John B. Fassitt, Captain, 23d Penna. Infantry. 

*Joseph Fisher, Corporal, 61 st Penna. Infantry. 

*Frank Furness, Captain, 6th Penna. Cavalry (Rush Lancers). 

Edward L. Gilligan, Captain, 88th Penna. Infantry. 
*William E. Goodman, Captain, 147th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Major, U. S. 
Volunteers. 

Hetiry S. Huidekoper, Lieutenant-Colonel, 150th Penna. Infantry. 



Note. — Star indicates members deceased to time of publication. 



336 

John C. Hunterson, 3d Penna. Cavalry. 
♦Wallace W. Johnson, Sergeant, 6th Penna. Reserves. 

♦William H. Lambert, Captain, 33d N. J. Infantry, Brevet-Major, U. S. Volun- 
teers. 

John H. Lawson, Landsman, U. S. Flagship Hartford. 
*John F. Mackie, First Sergeant, U. S. M. C. 
Sylvester H. Martin, Captain, 88th Penna. Infantry. 
James Miller, Master's Mate, U. S. S. Marblehead. 
♦George W. Mindel, Colonel, 27th and 33d N. J. Infantry, Brevet-Major-Gen- 
eral, U. S. Volunteers. 

♦St. Clair A. Mulholland, Colonel, Ii6th Penua. Infantry, Brevet-Brigadier- 
General and Major-General, U. S. Volunteers. 

Peter McAdams, Lieutenant, 98th Penna. Infantry. 
Michael McKeever, Sergeant, 5th Penna. Cavalry. 
♦Jacob G. Orth, Corporal, 28th Penna. Infantry. 
♦Robert L. Orr, Colonel, 6ist Penna. Infantry. 

♦William J. Palmer, Colonel, 15th Penna. Cavalry, Brevet-Brigadier-General, 
U. S. Volunteers. 

Robert Penn, Fireman, First Class, U. S. Navy. 
♦George C. Piatt, Private, 6th U. S. Cavalry. 
Noble D. Preston, Captain, loth N. Y. Cavalry, Brevet-Lieutenant-Colonel, 
N. Y. S. Volunteers. 

♦Martin E. Scheibner, Private, 90th Penna. Infantry. 

♦Alfred J. Sellers, Major, 90th Penna. Infantry, Brevet-Colonel, U. S. Vol- 
unteers. 

♦J. Wallace Scott, Captain, 157th Penna. Infantry. 

George D. Sidman, i6th Michigan Infantry. 
♦George H. Stockman, First Lieutenant, 6th Missouri Infantry. 
John H. R. Storey, Sergeant, 109th Penna. Infantry. 
♦Hampton S. Thomas, Major, First Penna. Cavalry, Brevet-Colonel, U. S. 
Volunteers. 

John M. Vanderslice, Private, 8th Penna. Cavalry. 
Moses Veale, Major, 109th Penna. Infantry. 
♦J. Henry White, Private, 90th Penna. Infantry. 
Ellwood N. Williams, First Sergeant, 28th Illinois Infantry. 
William J. Wray, 23d Penna. Infantry, Sergeant, First Vet. Volunteer Reserve 
Corps. 

Nathan H. Edgerton, Captain, 6th Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops. 





ABRAHAM LINCOLN, at Lemon Hill, Fairmount Park. 
(Photos by Charles R. Pancoast.) 




LEADERS OF THE UNION ARMIES IN BRONZE. 
GRANT. McCLELLAN. 

REYNOLDS. MEADE. 

(Photos by Charles R. Pancoast.) 



THE SONS OF VETERANS, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



WHEN the Grand Army of the Republic, yet in the fullness of 
its numerical and physical strength, realized the importance 
of creating a junior body to become the worthy heir of its 
principles and traditions, the medium through which the story 
of the trials, losses and achievements of its members might be trans- 
mitted to oncoming generations, it encouraged the organization of the 
Sons of Veterans of the United States of America. This movement 
originated in the year 1879, when a Cadet Corps attached to Anna M. 
Ross Post, No. 94, G. A. R., at Philadelphia (organized the preceding 
year), was constituted Anna M. Ross Camp, No. i. Sons of Veterans. 
Other existing cadet organizations affiliated with local posts soon adopted 
the new title and the obligations of the order. In the meantime similar 
movements have gained strength in Pittsburgh and elsewhere, acting inde- 
pendently. It was only after years of controversy that personal ambitions 
were subordinated to the interests of concerted effort and the order, 
spread through other States, became truly national in its scope. The 
amalgamation of the different elements was accomplished in 1886. 

At the present time (1913) the strength of the order throughout 
the nation is in excess of forty-eight thousand, in the State of Pennsyl- 
vania above fifteen thousand, and in the City of Philadelphia thirty-five 
hundred men. The twenty-two camps located in Philadelphia are affili- 
ated with the local posts of the G. A. R., as follows: 

Camp Post Camp Post 

1 Anna M. Ross 94 2.7 Moore 56 

2 Fred Taylor 19 29 5th Regiment 2,7 

3 MacFayden 15 40 Newhall 7 

4 J. F. Reynolds 71 80 Bryan 80 

5 U. S. Grant 5 82 Curry 18 

7 Pennsylvania Reserve 191 114 Scott 114 

9 Ellis 9 123 Cavalry 35 

9 Clegg 12 228 Koltes 228 

ID Greble 10 236 Cocker 55 

13 Birney dz '^■'71 Baker 8 

21 Saunders 21 299 Post 2 2 

An auxiliary body, numbering in Pennsjdvania about three thousand, 
and in Philadelphia one thousand, assists the Sons of Veterans in its 
patriotic functions, which include the yearly recurring exercises and 
duties of Memorial Day. 

The Sons of Veterans Reserve, organized as an uniformed and 
equipped military body, constitutes, in Pennsylvania, a brigade of nearly 
three thousand officers and men, which may be counted upon, like the his- 
toric militia of ante-bellum days, to serve as a nucleus for a strong and 
well-drilled force for State or National defence, 

22 337 



PRINCIPAL MEMORIALS OF THE CIVIL WAR LOCATED IN 

PHILADELPHIA 



WITH few exceptions the monuments related to the Civil War 
period thus far placed in Philadelphia have been erected at 
private cost. The monument to the soldiers and sailors of 
Philadelphia in the Civil War, which it is proposed to place 
in Logan Square and for which an appropriation has been made, will 
be erected at the expense of the City. 

Existing memorials are the following: 

In the City. 

Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds, north plaza, City 
Hall. Sculptor, J. Q. A. Ward. 

Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George B. McClellan, north plaza, 
City Hall. Sculptor, Elliott. 

Statue, Artillery Corps, Washington Grays, Washington Square. 
Sculptor, John Wilson. 

Statue, First Regiment Infantry (Gray Reserves), in front of Union 
League Club House. Sculptor, Henry K. Bush Brown. 

Bronze Tablet, Union League Regiments, corridor Union League 
Club House. Sculptor, H. K. Bush Brown. 

Monument, Alumni and Cadets of Girard College who served in 
the Union forces during the Civil War. 

Monument, Soldiers and Sailors of the Civil War, Market Square, 
Germantown. 

Monument, Soldiers and Sailors, Mt. Moriah Cemetery. 

In Fairmount Park.* 

Monument, Abraham Lincoln, Lemon Hill. 

Monumental Memorial (Richard Smith bequest). Centennial Con- 
course.f The military and naval figures placed upon this imposing and 
costly work are: Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. Winfield S. Hancock; 
sculptor, J. Q. A. Ward. Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George B. 
McClellan ; sculptor, Edward C. Potter. 

Statue, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade. Sculptor, Daniel Ches- 
ter French. 

Statue, Major-Gen. John F. Reynolds. Sculptor, Charles Grafly. 

Bust, Admiral David D. Porter. Sculptor, Charles Grafly. 

Bust, Major-Gen. John F. Hartranft. Sculptor, A. Stirling Calder. 

*A number of these bronzes were contributed by the Fairmount Park Asso- 
ciation. 

fThis noble work, costing $500,000, was designed by James H. and John T. 
Windrim. 



339 

Bust, Admiral John A. Dahlgren. Sculptor, George E. Bissel. 
Bust, Major-Gen. S. Wylie Crawford. Sculptor, Bessie O. Potter. 
Bust, Gen. James A. Beaver. Sculptor, Katharine M. Cohen. 
Bust, Governor Andrew G. Curtin. Sculptor, M. Ezekiel. 

Equestrian Statue, Gen. U. S. Grant, East Park River Drive. Sculp- 
tors, Daniel Chester French and Edward C. Potter.* 

Equestrian Statue, Major-Gen. George Gordon Meade, Lansdowne 
Drive. Sculptor, Alexander M. Calder. 

Statue, Soldier of the Civil War (Courtland Saunders Post 21, G. 
A. R.), near George's Hill. 

Tablet, site of First Camp, 88th Regiment Infantry Volunteers, 
East Park Drive, Falls of Schuylkill. 

Public Squares and Small Parks Named in Honor of Persons or 
Places Identified with the Civil War. 
"Greble Plot," 3d street, near Moyamensing avenue. 
"Birney Post Park," 6th street and Germantown avenue. 
"Thomas J. Powers," Ann, Mercer and Almond streets. 
"Anna M. Ross," loth street and Glenwood avenue. 
"Baker Post," Rising Sun avenue and York road. 
"Reynolds Post," Snyder avenue, Passyunk avenue and 17th street. 



REORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF 
PENNSYLVANIAt 



SO completely weary of war and its panoplies were the people of 
Pennsylvania after the return of the surviving veterans, that the 
Adjutant-General reported in November, 1865, only eight companies 
of militia in the State, including those in Philadelphia. The 
necessity for an efficient armed force of State soldiery required prompt 
action. Under the training of veteran officers and men, the number of 

*Part of cost was defrayed by the City of Philadelphia. 

fThe chaotic status of the State militia force, due to the depletion of Penn- 
sylvania's fighting blood, was the inducement, probably, for an Act passed by 
the Legislature May 4th, 1864, for the reorganization of the militia of the 
Commonwealth, somewhat along the old lines of enrollment. After a discourag- 
ing period of effort to obey instructions, Brigadier-General Lemuel Todd. State 
Inspector General, wrote, in a report to Governor Curtin (Report of Adjutant- 
General, State of Pennsylvania, for 1866) as follows : 

"It is in vain to issue orders and call upon the people to voluntarily 
assume such labors. The day of voluntary gratuitous service for the State seems 
to have passed away forever." , 

The glamour of military glory had faded away. The sight of thousands of 
crippled veterans, the sorrow in countless homes, bereft of bread-winners fallen 



340 

companies increased in 1867 to thirty-eight, of which twenty-six were 
in Philadelphia. 

The Frst Division, National Guard, in 1868, included the First Troop 
Philadelphia City Cavalry, Artillery Corps Washington Grays, Keystone 
Battery, Philadelphia Veteran Light Artillery Regiment, 2d Regiment 
(National Guard), 4th Regiment (Philadelphia Fire Zouaves), Philadel- 
phia Zouaves and the Montgomery Guards, also the Reserve Brigade, com- 
posed of the 1st Regiment (Gray Reserves) and the 3rd Regiment (Phil- 
adelphia Light Guard) Infantry. 

Five years after the close of the war the city contained at least a 
dozen regiments of State troops of varying numerical strength and 
efficiency. 



A LIST OF PHILADELPHIA OFFICERS IN THE NATIONAL GUARD OF PENNSYL- 
VANIA, SUBSEQUENT TO 1865, WHO SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR 

Major-Generai,s. 

Bankson, John P. Latta, James W. 

Bowman, Wendell P. Prevost, Charles M. 

Brinton, Robert M. Snowden, George R. 

Brigadier-Generals. 

Baxter, DeWitt Clinton. Hofmann, J. William. 

Benson, R. Dale. Loud, Edward D. C. 

Bosbyshell, Oliver C. Matthews, E. Wallace. 

Bonnaffon, Sylvester, Jr. Muirheid, Henry P. 

Coxe, John R. Wagner, Louis. 

(Commissary General). Ward, Joseph R. C. 

Dechert, Robert P. Wiedersheim, Theodore E.f 

Colonels. 

Ballier, John F. Maxwell, John. 

Fritz, Peter. Neff, Harmanus. 

Herring, Charles P. Norris A. Wilson 

Lyle, Peter. ' (Judge Advocate General). 

Leech, William A» Sellers, Alfred J. 

McMichael, William. Smith. Thomas J.t 

Maginniss, Thomas H. (Commissary General). 

on Southern soil, the widespread sentiment of covert hostility to all that the 
war party stood for, were the chief causes of this reaction through the State. 
But, in the end, under the leadership of veteran officers and with seasoned 
rank and file, the National Guard was destined to rise to a degree of effectiveness 
and system never before attained, and to become a model which other States might 
well strive to emulate. 

fUnder the provisions of the 45th section of" the Act for the organization, 
discipline and maintenance of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, approved 
May 5th, 191 1 (Pamphlet Laws, page 131), the State authorities recognize the 
services of the militia in the campaigns of 1862 and 1863 as a war service, and 
the officers who are indicated, as above, in the text all appear in the official 
records as having been engaged in either one or both of these campaigns. 



341 



Clark, J. Ross.t 
Denney, John P. 
Gilpin, Washington H. 
Gorgas, John A. 
Greene, Charles S. 
Hassinger, D. Stanley. 
Huffington, Thomas E. 



Allen, William W.t 
Chew, W. Wesley. 
Ide, Charles K.t 
Keyser, James D.t 
Kollock, John W. 

(Surgeon). 
Ladner, Louis J. 
Lewis, Samuel N. 



Addis, Isaac. 
Barry, David S. 
Biles, Edwin R. 
Brady, James. 
Bregy, F. Amedee. 
Cadwalader, C. G. 
Chadwick, Peter B. 
Collins, Stephen B.t 
Cosslet, Charles. 
Davis, Jacob M. 
Durang, John T. 
Donaldson, Frank A. 
Fergusson, Alexander C.t 
Furey, Thomas. 
Glading, Norwood P. 
Grubb, E. :^urd. 
Hailstock, Charles A. 
Hewes, Harry W. 
Hoguet, Francis. 
Hoyt, Henry F. 
(Chaplain). 
Jacobus, Peter H. 



LlEUTENANX-CoLONJeivS. 

Knight, Charles C. 
Mears, J. Ewing 

(Surgeon) 
Morris, Galloway C.t 
Randall, Edmund. 
North, George H. 
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie. 

Majors. 

O'Callaghan, C. M. 
Potter, Harry C. 
Rizer, Martin. 
Ryan, John W. 
Starr, James. 
Stewart, William S. 
Witherup, William A. 
Worman, Charles H. 

Captains. 

Kennard, John T. 
Koons, Frederick. 
Landell, Edwin A. 
Laudenslager, Jacob.t 
Martin, J. Parker. 
McCook, Henry C. 

(Chaplain). 
McGovern, John. 
Muldoon, James. 
Mullen, Dennis. 
Packer, Edward E. 
Peck, Henry T. 
Rhinehart, C. 
Rose, Charles A.t 
Simpson, George W. 
Smith, Charles W. 
Stafford, Maurice C. 
Thompson, John C. 
Walters, Albert H. 
Ward, William C. 
White, John R. 
Wilson, J. Lapsley.t 



HISTORIES OF COMMANDS IDENTIFIED, WHOLLY OR IN PART, WITH 
PHILADELPHIA IN THE PERIOD OF THE CIVIL WAR 

(Copies of these volumes may be seen at the Philadelphia Library or at the Library 
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.) 



6oth Regiment, 3d Cavalry. 
6oth Regiment, 3d Cavalry. 
6oth Regiment, 3d Cavalry. 
tember 5th, 1890. 

6oth Regiment, 3d Cavalry. 



Cavalry. 
Regimental Committee. 1905. 
"A Memoir." Walter S. Newhall. 1864. 
Address, Gettysburg, John C. Hunterson, Sep- 

(History of Company H.) 1878. 



342 

7oth Regiment, 6th Cavalry. S. L. Gracey. 1868. 

70th Regiment, 6th Cavalry. Dedication of monument at Gettysburg, Oc- 
tober, 14, 1888. 

8oth Regiment, 7th Cavalry. William B. Sipes. 1905. ^ 

8oth Regiment, 8th Cavalry. "Sabre Strokes of the Pennsylvania Dragoons." 
T. F. Dornblaser. 1884. 

89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. Pennock Huey. 1885. 

89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. Pennock Huey. "True History of the Charge 
of, at Chancellorsville." 1885. 

89th Regiment, 8th Cavalry. J. Edward Carpenter, "List of Battles," etc. 1886. 

io8th Regiment, nth Cavalry. Register of Commissioned Officers and His- 
torical Memorandum of the Regiment. 1886. 

*i6oth Regiment,, 15th Cavalry (and the "Anderson Cavalry"). Charles H. 
Kirk. 1906. 

i6oth Regiment, 15th Cavalry. John A. B. Williams, "Leaves from a Trooper's 
Diary." 1869. 

163d Regiment, i8th Cavalry. Publication Committee, Regimental Asso- 
ciation. 1909. 

Artillery. 

Ii2th Regiment, 2d Heavy Artillery. George W. Ward. 1904. 
Keystone Battery (Battery A). Logan Howard-Smith and J. F. Reynolds 
Scott. 1912. 

Infantry. 

23d Regiment, Birney's Zouaves. William J. Wray. 1904. 

28th and 147th Regiments. Hector Tyndale. 1871. 

28th and 147th Regiments and Battery E, Light Artillery. John P. Nicholson. 
1882. 

28th Infantry. Samuel P. Bates. 

31st Regiment, 2d Reserves. E. M. Woodward, "Our Campaign." 1865. 

32d Regiment, 3d Reserves. E. M. Woodward. 1883. 

6ist Regiment. A. T. Brewer, igii. 

69th Regiment, Infantry. Anthony Wayne McDermott. 1889. 

72d Regiment. A. S. Webb, Address at Gettysburg. 1883. 

88th Regiment. John D. Vautier. 1894. 

9Sth Regiment, Gosline's Zouaves. G. Norton Galloway. 1884. 

99th Regiment, Infantry. C. H. Fasenacht. 1886. 

103d Infantry. L. S. Dickey. 1910. 

io6th Regiment. Joseph R. C. Ward. 1906. 

The Philadelphia Brigade, 69th, 71st, 72d and io6th Regiments. Charles H. 
Banes. 1876. 

109th Regiment. Address at Gettysburg, September 11, 1889. 

logth Infantry (Veteran). Moses Veale. 1890. 

iiith Regiment. John Richards Boyle, "Soldiers True." 1903. 

114th Regiment. Frank Rausche/, "Music on the March." 1892. 

114th Regiment. Charles H. T." Collis. 1891. 

1 1 6th Regiment. St. Clair A. MulhoUand. 1903. 

ii8th Regiment. John L. Smith, "Antietam to Appomattox." 1905. 

ii8th Regiment. A. G. Cattell address at unveiling of a monument erected 
by the Commercial Exchange of Philadelphia to the Corn Exchange Regiment, 
at Gettysburg, September 8, 1884. 

118th Regiment. H. T. Peck, Historical Sketch read at Gettysburg, September 



I2ist Regiment. Survivors' Association. 1893. 
I2ist Regiment. Narrative by Col. Alexander Biddle and address by Walter 
C. Biddle, at Gettysburg, July 3, 1886. 



343 

I50th Regiment. Thomas Chamberlin. 1895. 

155th Infantry. McKenna. 

187th Regiment (and First Battalion). James M. Gibbs. 1905. 

I92d Regiment. John C. Myers, "Daily Journal." 1864. 

198th Regiment. E. M. Woodward. 

Keystone Battery. T. L. Marshall. 1892. 

Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. J. R. Sypher, complete record of the organ- 
ization of Companies, Regiments and Brigades. 1865. 

Martial Deeds of Pennsylvania. Samuel P. Bates. 1875. 

Commonwealth Artillery Company. Muster Out Roll. 

Pennsylvania at Chickamauga and Chattanooga. Ceremonies at the dedication 
of monuments erected by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Captain George 
W._ Skinner, editor and compiler. 1897. This volume contains addresses and his- 
torical essays delivered at the dedication of monuments of the 27th, 28th, 29th, 75th, 
and 147th Regiments of Infantry; the 7th, 9th and 15th Cavalry Regiments, and 
of Lighty Battery E, not elsewhere published. 

Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Edited and Compiled by Lieut.-Col. John P. 
Nicholson. Two vols. 1893. These volumes contain addresses and historical 
essays delivered at the dedication of monuments of the 26th, 27th, 28th, 29th, 
31st (2d Reserves), 41st (12th Reserves), 56th, 6ist, 68th, 69th, 71st, 72d, 73d, 
74th, 75th, 8ist, 82d, 88th, 90th, 91st, 95th, 98th, 99th, io6th, 109th, iioth, iisth, 
Ii6th, Ii8th, 119th, I2ist, 147th and 150th Regiments Infantry. The 2d, 3d, 6th, 
8th, i6th and i8th Cavalry. Battery G (served under Ricketts at Gettysburg), 
ist Artillery, Battery H, 3d Heavy Artillery, Independent Battery E (Knap's). 

Militia Organizations. 
First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. Joseph Lapsley Wilson. 
1st Regiment Infantry (Gray Reserves). James W. Latta. 1912. 



TO FIND NAMES AND RECORDS OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN, 1861=1865 

All volunteer, militia and emergency organizations of Pennsylvania with 
names of all officers thereof. Annual Report of the Adjutant General, State 
of Pennsylvania, 1866. 

All volunteer, militia and emergency organizations of Pennsylvania with 
names and records of all officers and enlisted men, 1861 — 1865. History of 
Pennsylvania Volunteers, Samuel P. Bates, 5 vols. 

Record of all military organizations in the service of the United States 
during the Civil War. A compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Frederick 
H. Dyer. 

Regimental Histories, see list. These works may be consulted by any per- 
son by application at the rooms of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and 
of the Library Company of Philadelphia. 



A PARTIAL LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED BY THE AUTHOR 

Series of Brigade, Regimental and Company Histories of the Pennsylvania Vol- 
unteers. 

History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. Samuel P. Bates. 

A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Frederick H. Dyer. 

Report of the Adjutant General of Pennsylvania, 1866. 

Pennsylvania at Gettysburg. Edited by Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson. 

Pennsylvania at Chickamauga and Chattanooga. Edited by Capt. George W. 
Skinner. 

History of the Grand Army of the Republic. Col. Robert B. Beath. 



344 

Register of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Commandery of the 
State of Pennsylvania. Compiled by Lieut.-Col. John P. Nicholson. 

History of the First Regiment Infantry N. G. P. Maj.-Gen. James W. Latta. 

History of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. Edition of 1874. 

Life of Jay Cooke. Oberholtzer. 

History of the National Association of Naval Veterans. Simmons. 

American Bastile. Marshall. 

"U. S. Bonds." Handy. 

McAllister Collection Civil War Scrap-books. Ridgway Library. 

Pamphlet and Report Collections at the Library of Philadelphia, the Library 
of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, of the College of Physicians, and of the 
Military Order of the Loyal Legion. 

Files of the Philadelphia Inquirer, 1861-1865. 



WAR CHRONOLOGY— PHILADELPHIA, 1861 

January 2d. Philadelphia Cadets formed at National Guards' Hall. 
"Minute Men of '76" fired salutes in honor of Delaware loyalty. 

January 3d. A day of national fasting and prayer. 

Patriotic resolution passed at a meeting of the Board of Trade. 

January 4th. Recruiting commenced for a regiment by Capt. George P. McLean 
at a meeting held at Franklin and Buttonwood streets. 

January 5th. Mayor Alexander Henry issued a proclamation against persons 
engaged in disloyal activity in the city. 
Salute of thirty-three guns in honor of Delaware by Shiffler Hose Comapny. 
At a meeting of the Board of Trade Judge Ellis Lewis, representing the 
Bell and Everett faction, denounced coercion of the South and upheld the 
right of secession. In the evening a great Union demonstration was held 
at National Hall. Republican Invincibles adopted patriotic resolutions. 

January 7th. A meeting was held at Ladner's Military Hall, Third and Green 
streets, to organize the Monroe Guards, Minute Men of '76, Curtin Guard, 
American True Blues and Union Guard into a regiment under the com- 
mand of William F. Small. 

January 8th. Jackson Day. Jackson Zouaves, of New York, visited the Phila- 
delphia Zouaves. Parade of National Guards. 
Anderson Light Guard formed at 717 North Second street. 

January 12th. "Yankee Doodle" hissed by Southern students at the Academy of 
Music. 

January i6th. A secession meeting was held at National Hall. 

January 19th. American and German regiments met at Military Hall and formed 
a brigade to be commanded by William F. Small. 
State Guard attached to ist Artillery Regiment. 

January 23d. National Guard Cadets organized and drilled by Col. Peter Lyle. 

January 26th, Working men held a Union demonstration in Independence Square. 

January 28th. Six companies of Col. F. E. Patterson's artillery regiment drilling 
at their armories with "Quaker cannon." 

January 2gth. Twenty carloads of rifles shipped from Frankford Arsenal "to 
Washington." 

February 4th. Berry Light Guard formed by Capt. Casper Berry. 

February loth. Continental Guards formed, at Nineteenth and South streets, as 
artillery. 

February 12th. A steamer loading at Willow street with heavy guns for the 
defence of Washington. 

February 21st. Hon. Abraham Lincoln, President-elect, arrived. He addressed 
the people from the balcony of the Continental Hotel. He was accompanied 
by Mrs. Lincoln, Col. Ward H. Lamon, Col. E- E. Ellsworth and several 
army officers. 



345 

February 22d. At daybreak the President-elect raised an American flag upon 
Independence Hall, leaving later for Harrisburg. He returned at night 
by special train and, unknown to any one excepting a few railroad and 
Government officials, left Broad and Prime Streets Station for Wash- 
ington. 

February 25th. U. S. S. Pawnee sailed for Washington. 

March 4th. Great crowds assembled in front of newspaper offices to await the 
news of Lincoln's inauguration. 

March 19th. Philadelphia banks resumed specie payments. 

April loth. Sudden activity at the Navy Yard. 

April i2th. The arrival of reports of the Confederate assault upon Fort Sumter 
in Charleston Harbor and the news that Major Anderson had capitulated 
created immense excitement and at once aroused the patriotic element. 

April 15th. Riotous crowds in some sections of the city led Mayor Henry to 
denounce treason and declare for peace and good order in the city. 
Volunteering active in response to the first national call for troops. 
Office of the Palmetto Flag in Chestnut street threatened by excited citizens. 

April i8th. The 6th Massachusetts Regiment arrived at the foot if Walnut 
street and marched to the Girard House amid stirring patriotic scenes. 

April 19th. The 6th Massachusetts Regiment and Gen. Wm. F. Small's "Wash- 
ington Brigade" (the latter without arms or uniforms) left at an early 
hour for Washington. During the day the 8th Massachusetts Regi- 
ment reached Philadelphia. 
City Councils voted to arm Home Guards and to provide money to support 

families of volunteers during their terms of service. 
City Councils appropriated $1,000,000 for sustenance of soldiers' families. 

April 20th. Ladies' Union Relief Corps formed. 

The 7th New York Regiment arrived and, with the 8th Massachusetts Regi- 
ment, proceeded southward by steamers for Annapolis, Md., leaving from 
the foot of Washington avenue. 
The Baltimore attack upon the 6th Massachusetts Regiment created intense 

excitement. 
Col. A. J. Pleasonton appointed commander of the Home Guard. 

April 2ist. Recruits were drilled in all public squares. A State military clothing 
factory was opened in the Girard House (then vacant), many leading 
ladies assisting in the work. 

April 22d. The 6th Regiment Infantry, Col. James Nagle, arrived from Potts- 
ville and were quartered in the P., W. & B. R. R. depot, where they 
remained until May 7th. 
George Leisenring, of Gen. Small's command, died at the Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital from stab wounds inflicted upon him at Baltimore. He was the 
first Philadelphia soldier to die in the Civil War. 

April 23d. Responding to published appeals, large numbers of ladies reported 
at the Girard House (then closed as a hotel) and began to make uniforms. 

April 24th. The Commonwealth Artillery Company, of Philadelphia, was sent 
to reinforce the garrison at Fort Delaware. 

April 25th. Meeting of loyal Baltimore citizens who had escaped to Philadelphia. 

April 30th. An address of confidence was sent to Lieut.-Gen. Winfield Scott, which 
was signed by Mayor Alexander Henry, Horace Binney, Richard Vaux 
and others. 

May gth. The ist Regiment Artillery (17th Regiment), Col. Francis E. Pat- 
terson, recruited in Philadelphia, proceeded South. These were the first 
Philadelphia soldiers to reach Washington, where the command was re- 
organized as the 17th P. V. Infantry. 
Two Ohio regiments encamped at Suffolk Park. 

May 13th. First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry mustered in at Point Breeze 
Park. 



346 

May 14th. The i8th, 19th and 226. Regiments left for the Sou These regiments 

were organized in Philadelphia under Cols. Wm. . . Lewis, Jr., Peter 

Lyle and Turner G. Morehead, respectively, to serve for three months. 
Major-Gen. Cadwalader and staff accompanied the Philadelphia regiments to 

Baltimore. 
Before the troops departed young ladies of the High School presented a 

silk flag to the 19th Regiment (National Guards). 
Garibaldi Legion attached to 32d Regiment Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. 
May 15th. University Light Infantry drilling upon Fourth street, above Arch 

street. 
May i6th. Pupils of Zane Street Grammar School gave a concert at the Academy 

of Music for the benefit of the volunteers. 
An Act of Assembly approved for the establishment of a Home Guard Brigade 

in Philadelphia. 
May i8th. The 24th Regiment, Col. Joshua T. Owen, encamped at Hestonville. 
May 20th. Alfred Jenks & Son, Bridesburg, received a contract for 32,000 rifles. 
May 22d. The Military Department of Pennsylvania formed, with headquarters 

in Philadelphia. This included Delaware and a part of Maryland. 
May 24th. Scott Legion, 20th Regiment, encamped at Suffolk Park. These troops 

had previously quartered at the building adjoining the Custom House 

upon the west. 
May 25th. Col. Ballier's regiment encamped at Suffolk Park. 
May 27th. and 28th. Col. Wm. F. Small's regiment, 26th P. V. Infantry, mustered 

in. 
May 28th. 21 St and 28th Regiments encamped at Suffolk Park. 
May 29th. 31st Regiment, Col. W. B. Mann, marched to Easton. 

The 21 St, 24th and 26th Regiments, P. V. Infantry, left for the South. 
May 30th. The 31st Regiment (2d Reserves) left for the Reserves' Camp at 

Easton, Pa. 
Scott Legion Regiment proceeded to Chambersburg and the First Troop P. 

C. Cavalry to CarHsle. 
June 1st. The tide of returning regiments sets in with the passage through the 

city of the New York 7th Regiment. 
June 7th. Four companies of infantry, commanded by Capt. J. C. Chapman, Capt. 

John H. Taggart, Capt. C. S. Preall and Capt. Casper Martino, mustered 

into State service and moved to Camp Curtin. 
June nth. 29th Regiment accepted by the Government. 
June 13th. The 27th Regiment in camp near Camden. 
June 14th. Funeral of Lieut. John Trout Greble, U. S. A., the first Union officer 

of regulars to fall during the war. This officer of artillery was killed 

at the Battle of Big Bethel, Va., June loth, 1861. 
June 17th. 26th Regiment moved to Washington and the 27th Regiment to 

Chambersburg. 
June 29th. 71st Regiment (ist California Regiment), Col. Edward D. Baker, 

arrived from New York and camped at Suffolk Park. 
July 3d. 71st Regiment moved to Baltimore. 
July 4th. The Home Guards paraded with the Gray Reserves. 
July i6th. The 33d Regiment (4th Reserves) left Easton, Pa., for Baltimore. 
July 2ist. 36th Regiment Infantry (7th Reserves) left West Chester for Wash- 
ington. 
July 22d. Intense excitement in the city, due to news of defeat of the Union 

Army at Bull Run. 
July 23d. Return of the 23d Regiment. 
July 25th. Return of the 17th Regiment. 

City Councils appropriated $100,000 for relief of soldiers' families. 
July 29th. Return of the i8th, 21st and 22d Regiments. 



347 

July 30th. Return of the Scott Legion (20th Regiment) and Commonwealth 

Artillery. 
July 31st. Return of the 19th Regiment (National Guards). 
August 2d. Walter W. Smith, a Confederate prize master, confined, _ with his 

crew, in Moyamensing Prison, was convicted of piracy. This led to 

threat of retaliation by the Confederates upon Federal prisoners held in 

Richmond. 
August 3d. 29th Regiment left for Sandy Hook, Md. 
August 14th. Return of First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. 
August 17th. The Zouaves d'Afrique, Capt. Charles H. T. Collis, were sent for 

duty at Fort Delaware. 
August 22d. 65th Regiment (3d Cavalry) left for Washington. 

Office of the Christian Observer (disloyal) seized and closed by the U. S. 

Marshal Milward, who also seized copies of the New York Daily News 

arriving by train. 
August 31st. The 2d Regiment escorted body of Gen. Lyon (killed at the Battle 

of Wilson's Creek, Mo.) through the city. 
September ist. Great activity by many concerns in manufacture of fire arms, 

swords, cannon, baggage wagons, uniforms and other war material. 
September i6th. 72d Regiment (Fire Zouaves) left for the front. 
September 17th. Military parade in honor of the 74th anniversary day, adoption 

of the Federal Constitution. 
September 24th. The 73d Regiment left for Washington. 
September 26th. 75th Regiment left for Washington. 

September 27th. The 23d Regiment (Birney's Zouaves) left for Washington. 
September 30th. The 98th Regiment left for Washington. 
October ist. Confusion resulting from soldiers' vote in the camps. 
October 4th. The 89th Regiment (8th Cavalry) left for the front. 
October 5th. The 88th Regiment left for Alexandria, Va. 
October 12th. The 95th Regiment left for the South. 
October 14th. Harlan's Light Cavalry (nth Cavalry) left for the South. 
October 31st. The io6th Regiment left for the South. 
November 7th. The body of Col. E. D. Baker, commanding the 71st Regiment 

(California Regiment), killed at Ball's Blufif, Va., was laid in state at 

Independence Hall. 
November 15th. Launch of the U. S. S. Miami at Philadelphia Navy Yard, where 

2,400 men were then employed. 
December 4th. Spectacular parade of the 6th Cavalry Regiment. "Rush's Lancers." 
December 6th. The 6th Cavalry, Rush's Lancers, with the 58th, 67th, 90th and 

91st Regiments, were presented with colors by the State and the Society 

of the Cincinnati. 
December 7th. Magnificient silk flag, made by the crew of the U. S. S. Hartford 

on voyage home from China, was presented to the city and raised upon 

the staff above Independence Hall with an imposing demonstration. 
Gunboat Itasca left the port. 

Steamer Delaware, built at Wilmington, was bought by the Government. 
Sloop of war Tuscarora sailed for New York to receive her guns. 
December 8th. The "Soldiers' and Sailors' Relief Association of the Episcopal 

Church" was formed. 
December loth. Departure of a part of the 6th Cavalry (Rush's Lancers). 
December 30th. Philadelphia banks suspended specie payment. 
December 31st. The Volunteer Refreshment Committees reported having supplied 

meals, since opening, to soldiers en route to or from the South aggregating 

143,394. 
The fateful old year was ended and the new year ushered in by the people of 

Philadelphia with general patriotic observances in all parts of the city. 



348 

WAR CHRONOLOGY— 1862. 

January ist. To this date the City Treasurer had paid to the families of soldiers 
$336,612, and had spent for war munitions $138,506.36. 

January 2d. The 67th Regiment was encamped at Camac's Woods. 

January loth. The 113th Regiment, Col. Wm. Frishmuth, camped on Ridge avenue. 

January 17th. It was stated that more than 10,000 women were employed by the 
Schuylkill Arsenal authorities in making uniforms. 

January 21st. The 91st Regiment left Camp Chase for Washington. 

January 31st. U. S. S. St. Louis sailed for duty in Mediterranean Sea. 

February 3d. Thirty-eight prisoners taken from Confederate privateers were re- 
moved from Moyamensing Prison to Fort Lafayette. 

February 3d. The 115th Regiment camped at Hestonville. 

March 8th. The 58th Regiment left for Fortress Monroe. 

March 20th. Sloop of war Juniata launched at the Navy Yard. 

March 31st. The 90th Regiment (National Guard) left Philadelphia for Balti- 
more. 

April 17th. Steam engine and hose carriage of Hibernia Fire Company was sent 
to Fortress Monroe accompanied by eight members. 

April 2ist. Yearly meeting. Society of Friends, warned its members to refuse 
military service or payment of taxes or other money intended for military 
use upon penalty of expulsion. 

April 23d. Lieut-Col. W. Brooks, U. S. A., assumed military command of the 
Department of Philadelphia. 

May 1st. Corps of Philadelphia surgeons and nurses left for the Virginia peninsula 
to aid Federal sick and wounded soldiers of Pennsylvania. 

May loth. 109th Regiment left for Washington. 

Iron-clad New Ironsides was launched at yard of Cramp & Sons. 

May 25th. Governor Curtin called upon the State militia to muster for active 
service in the Federal army. 
Exchanged prisoners from the "California Regiment" (Baker's 71st Regiment) 
ordered to join their command. 

June 2d. Hibernia Engine returned from Washington. 

June 9th. The West Philadelphia U. S. Army Hospital was opened. 

June loth. During the week several ships arrived with large numbers of sick and 
wounded soldiers. 

June 17th. _ Provost guard active searching for deserters and men absent from 
their commands. 

June iSth. Councils made first move to induce the Government to establish a 
navy yard at League Island. 

June 20th. Two monitor gunboats nearly completed by Reaney & Archbold at 
Chester. 
U. S. Hospital opened at Fourth and George Streets (American Mechanics' 
Hall). 

June 26th. New Municipal flag was raised at Independence Hall. 

July 4th. Children of the public schools sent large quantities of ice cream to the 
army hospitals. 

July loth. tj. S. S. Monongahela launched at the Navy Yard. 

July 2ist. Under the President's call for 300,000 more troops, the Governor of 
Pennsylvania fixed the quota of Philadelphia at 50 companies of 100 men 
each. 

July 26th. Councils appropriated $500,000 for a bounty fund. For the same pur- 
pose the Pennsylvania Railroad Company subscribed $50,000, Philadelphia 
and Reading Railway Company $25,000 and private citizens gave $158,000. 
This amount was largely increased within another month. Citizens had 
also contributed to the U. S. Sanitary Commission $17,000. Members of 
the Corn Exchange voted $10,000 toward equipping a regiment to be 
known as the Corn Exchange Regiment. 



349 

July 28th. Collis Zouaves (114th Regiment) camped at Germantown avenue and 
Nicetown lane. 

August 5th. Corn Exchange Regiment in camp at Indian Queen Lane, Falls of 
the Schuylkill. 

August loth. Following the President's call for a conscription, many persons 
were prevented by the provost troops from leaving the port of Philadel- 
phia for other countries. 

August 31st. ii8th (Corn Exchange) Regiment left for the front. 

September ist. Collis Zouaves (114th Regiment) left for Washington. 

September 2d. The 68th, ii6th and 119th Regiments left for the South. 

September 3d. Several hundred recruits for the old regiments left to join their 
commands. 
Children in public schools worked at picking lint. 

September 4th. Twenty-five hundred sick and wounded soldiers arrived at Wash- 
ington Street Wharf. 

September 5th. 121st Regiment went South. 

September 6th. Estimate published showing that Philadelphia had furnished 
31,400 soldiers to that date. 

September 8th. Citizens' Bounty Fund, to date, $466,938. 

Exchanges and business places closed at 3 P. M. Citizens drilling daily in 

the streets. 
Great recruiting camp established in Independence Square. 
Many wounded and sick soldiers were placed, upon arrival, in down-town 
churches near the Prime Street Station. 

September loth. Intense excitement due to the advance toward Pennsylvania 
of the Confederates. 
A committee of two hundred and fifty leading citizens tendered a splendid 
ovation to the 6th Massachusetts Regiment, which had re-enlisted and 
was enroute South. 

September nth. Governor Curtin telegraphed to Philadelphia to send 20,000 
emergency troops to Harrisburg. 

September 12th. Mayor Henry 'called upon all citizens to meet at the precinct 
houses in the twenty-five wards to organize for defence. This plan was 
frustrated by a heavy rain. Many citizens organized, however, including 
workmen in large establishments. 

September 13th. Numerous trains of emergency men were sent to Harrisburg. 

September 17th. Battle of Antietam. 

Steam fire engine of the Hibernia Fire Company was taken to Washington 
with seven men. 

September 20th. Rejoicing over retreat of the enemy, and gloom because of 
heavy losses in Philadelphia regiments, stirred the city. 

October 6th. Capt. J. Orr Finnic became Provost Marshal. 

October 8th. Flag presentation at Satterlee General Hospital, West Philadelphia. 

October loth. Extraordinary activity in recruiting to avoid draft in the city. 

October 14th. Alexander Henry the "War Mayor," was re-elected. 

October 22d. Army hospital opened at Twentieth and Buttonwood streets. 

October 24th. Independent Battery, Capt. E. Spencer Miller, ordered to Harris- 
burg. 

October 25th. Camp for conscripts estabUshed near Haddington, called "Camp 
Philadelphia." 

October 27th. Draft postponed one week. 

November 2d. Draft commissioners reported the quota of Philadelphia filled 
without a draft. 

November 3d. Nearly 7,000 conscripts from eastern counties of the State as- 
sembled at Camp Philadelphia, Haddington. 

November isth. Hospital for officers completed at Camac's Woods. 

November 20th. Total capacity of the military hospitals in the city 6,543 beds, 

November 2Sth. Imposing funeral of Brig.-Gen. Francis E. Patterson. 



350 

November 27th. 174th, 175th and 176th Regiments left Camp Philadelphia for the 

front. 
November 28th. Thanksgiving Day. Citizens provided excellent dinners at all 

of the army hospitals. 
December 3d. Companies A and B of the "Continental Cavalry" mustered in. 
December 8th. U. S. S. Shenandoah launched at the Navy Yard. 
December 9th. 157th Regiment broke camp and embarked for garrison duty at 

Fort Delaware. 
Battalion of drafted men left Camp Philadelphia. 
December 23d. First of the "Monitors" built at Wilmington arrived at the Navy 

Yard. 
December 25th. Christmas Day. Special dinners and entertainments at the army 

hospitals. 

CHRONOLOGY, 1863. 

January 1st. Report of City Treasurer showed that during 1862 the City had paid 
for defence, $80,392.64; for bounties, $367,105.00, and for relief of soldiers' 
families, $657,223.90. 

January 2d. General rejoicing among colored people regarding the emancipation 
of slaves. 

January 5th. Young ladies of the High School presented a flag to Col. Lyle's 
regiment, 90th Pennsylvania Volunteers. 

January 6th. Local receptions to Major-Gen. B. F. Butler and Major-Gen. George 
B. McClellan. 

January 14th. Mower U. S. General Hospital at Chestnut Hill was opened. 

January 17th. Battery "A," Roberts Artillery Regiment, left camp at German- 
town for Fortress Monroe. 

January 19th. Launch of Monitor Lehigh at Chester, Pa. 

Departure of Batteries "A" and "C," of Segebarth's Heavy Artillery, for 
Fortress Monroe. 

January 27th. Battalion of Provost Guard formed and barracked in Swanson 
street. 

January 29th. Philadelphia Evening Journal suppressed for seditious publications. 

February 23d. The Provost Guard of 500 men paraded and were barracked at 
the former hospital at Fifth and Buttonwood streets. 

February 26th. Numbers of Confederates, having taken oath of allegiance, were 
seeking work in the city. 

March loth. A Union Freedman's Relief Association was organized by colored 
residents. 

March nth. Lieut-Col. Wm. D. Whipple, U. S. A., assumed command of the 
Department of Pennsylvania. 
Young Men's Democratic Club, of which George M. Wharton was President, 
bitterly assailed President Lincoln and advocated "State Rights." Mem- 
bers generally wore, as badges, old copper pennies showing the head of 
Liberty. Hence the term "Copperhead." 

March 23d. A movement was commenced to send colored recruits to the Mas- 
sachusetts colored brigade and to form a similar brigade in Pennsyl- 
vania. 

March 26th. A detachment of Connecticut cavalry arrived to perform patrol 
duty in Philadelphia. 

April 6th. A number of merchants were detected in shipping contraband goods 
via Baltimore to the South, and an order was issued by the Provost 
Marshal requiring all shippers sending goods south of New Castle, Dela- 
ware, to take the oath of allegiance. 

April 8th. "Union Leagues" were being formed in several of the wards in order 

to stimulate loyal sentiment. 
April 9th. Several leaders of a disloyal secret organization were brought to 
the city from Bucks County for trial. 



351 

April loth. The First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry, was incorporated. 

April 23d. Col. John F. Ballier of the 98th Regiment, who had been suspended, 
was restored to the command of his regiment. 

April 28th. Col. Charles F. Ruff, long acting as State mustering officer, was ap- 
pointed State Provost Marshal. 

April 30th. General observance of a National Fast Day. 

May 1st. Disabled soldiers held a meeting to plan the establishment of an in- 
valid brigade for provost and garrison duty. 

May 4th. Brig.-Gen. Pleasanton, of the Home Guard, reported the expenditures 
of the city for defences to date at $124,650.00. 
All telegraphic service was placed, temporarily, under control of the military 
authorities, creating much apprehension. 

May. 7th. Gunboat Tacony was launched at the Navy Yard. 

May 9th. The Age, a new Democratic newspaper, located adjoining the post- 
office, was threatened by soldiers and citizens for disloyal utterances. 

May loth. Large numbers of rebel prisoners were guarded through the city 
en route to Fort Delaware. 

May I2th. Gunboat Wyalus'mg was launched by William Cramp & Sons. 

May 15th. U. S. Steamer Pontiac was launched by Birely, Hillman & Co. 

May 24th. Many illuminations were shown in honor of the victories gained by 
Gen. U. S. Grant in the southwest. 

May 25th. Preparations were begun by Capt. Wm. E. Lehman, U. S. Provost 
Marshal, at 245 South Third street, for a new draft. 

June 3d. Splendid reception, by the German societies, of the 29th Regiment, 
N. Y. volunteers, en route home. Six companies of this regiment were 
recruited in Philadelphia. 

June 9th. Twenty-four hundred rebel prisoners arrived, under Ohio guards, 
from Vicksburg. The train upon which they arrived was said to have 
been the longest that ever entered the city. 

June 15th. The city was excited by the report that rebel cavalry had entered 
Chambersburg, Pa. Governor Curtin once more summoned help to Harris- 
burg. The President called for 100,000 volunteer militia to serve six 
months. 

June i6th. Governor Curtin called for militia to defend the State. An alarm 
was sounded upon the bell of Independence Hall. 

June 17th. Several regiments and independent companies of Philadelphia militia 
and home guards were moved to Harrisburg. 

June 18th. First Troop, P. C. Cavalry, entrained for Harrisburg. The New 
York 7th Regiment passed through, followed soon afterward by other 
New York and New Jersey regiments. 

June 27th. Major-Gen. N. J. Dana, U. S. V., assumed command in Philadel- 
phia. 

June 29th. Proclamation by Mayor Henry, and great rally of citizens at In- 
dependence Square. 

lune 30th. Two hundred ministers volunteered to work upon the city defences. 

July 1st. Great demonstration in honor of Gov. Curtin in front of the Continental 
Hotel. Led by a blind singer, the people sang the "Star Spangled Ban- 
ner." 

July 2d. The city greatly excited by conflicting rumors from the Cumberland 
Valley. 

July 3d. "Camp Rendezvous" established upon Islington Lane. 

July 4th. The Bridesburg Guards, Lieut.-Col. Barton H. Jenks, paraded. Crowds 
around newspaper offices awaiting news from Gettysburg. Conflicting 
reports kept the multitude in a condition of constant excitement. 

July Sth. Military bands paraded through the streets to stimulate enlistments. 
Definite news received of the rebel defeat. 

July 6th. Force of gas works employees at work upon a fort at School Lane 
and Ridge road. Other forts under construction in West Philadelphia. 



352 

July 7th. The Union League celebrated the victory at Gettysburg by marching, 

with Birgfeld's Band, to Independence Hall. 
Great rejoicing over the retreat of the rebels from Pennsylvania. 
The First Union League Regiment, Col. Wm. D. Whipple, presented v^ith 

colors and left for Camp Curtin. 
July 9th. Second Keystone Battery, Capt. Edward Fitzki, left for Harrisburg. 
July loth. Second Union League Regiment received colors and proceeded to 

Camp Curtin. 
Hospitals filled with wounded soldiers from Gettysburg. 
July I2th. Trainloads of the wounded constantly arriving. 
July 13th. Announcement of the beginning of the new draft in the city. 

To this date from July ist the city had placed 10,683 emergency troops in 

the field. 
July 14th. The 34th and 46th Regiments, Pennsylvania Militia, and other troops 

brought to the city in anticipation of draft riots. 
July 20th. Major-Gen. George Cadwalader, U. S. V., detailed to command of 

the military at Philadelphia. 
Draft barracks established at Twenty-second and Wood streets. 
Jul}"- 27th. Reception of the Gray Reserves, Blue Reserves and 20th Regiment, 

ninety-day militia, upon return from emergency service. 
August 1st. Tenth N. J. Regiment Militia was encamped at Jefferson Square. 
August 13th. Col. Tilghman's regiment, 3d U. S. Colored troops, left upon trans- 
ports for Charleston Llarbor. 
August 14th. Capt. Hastings' Keystone Battery returned to the city. 
August 22d. The 2d Keystone Battery returned home. 

August 23d. First and 2d Union League Regiments and the Merchants' Regi- 
ment returned. 
August 2Sth. The 2d Coal Regiment, Col. Hopkinson, returned. 
August 27th. Second Corn Exchange Regiment, Col. Alex. Murphy, returned. 
August 29th. Payments to families of soldiers from the Volunteer Relief Fund 

averaged, at this time, $3,500 per diem. Total paid out to date, 

$1,443,707.68. 
August 31st. Review of colored troops and flag presentation at Camp William 

Penn. 
September ist. Grand review at Camp Cadwalader. 

September 3d. Battalion of five companies of sharp-shooters sent to Pottsville. 
September loth. Return and muster out of the 3d Union League Regiment (59th 

Regiment, Pennsylvania ninety-day Militia). 
September nth. The Dana Troop returned from service in Schuylkill County. 
September 13th. Detachment of drafted men sent to the ii8th Regiment, P. V. 
September 21st. BattaHon of U. S. Cavalry, composed of 280 Confederate 

prisoners from Fort Delaware, paraded in Philadelphia and left for 

Baltimore. 
September 24th. Woodward's Independent Battery encamped at the U. S. Arsenal 

upon Gray's Ferrj)- Road. 
September 28th. At a meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Society plans were 

discussed for establishing a memorial park at Gettysburg. 
September 29th. U. S. Gunboat Kansas was launched at the Navy Yard. 
October loth. Parade and mass meeting of "Wide Awake" Clubs, National 

Union party. 
October 12th. First anniversary celebration of the opening of Citizens' Volunteer 

Hospital. 
A number of ex-Confederates who had taken the oath of allegiance and 

found employment in the city were arrested for attempted fraudulent 

voting. 
October 14th. Sixth U. S. Colored Regiment, Infantry, left Camp William Penn 

for Fortress Monroe. 
October 17th. President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to serve three years, 



353 

October 19th. The ist Pennsylvania Chasseurs, Col. Zell, three companies, re- 
turned from service in the coal region. 

October 25th. Death of Col. Chas. P. Dare, late of the 23d Regiment, Penn- 
sylvania, three months' service, from illness. 

October 29th. The captured rebel ram Atlanta was placed on exhibition at 
Washington Street Wharf for the benefit of the Union Volunteer Re- 
freshment Saloon. 

November 2d. The 19th Regiment, Cavalrj^ left Camp Stanton, paraded and 
started for the front. 

November 8th. A detachment of 260 drafted men, barracked at Twenty-second 
and Wood streets, was sent South. 

November 12th. Fourth Union League Regiment encamped at Frankford. 

November 13th. United States Christian Commission began sending clothing, 
medicine and other supplies to the Union prisoners confined at Rich- 
mond. 

November 14th. The 9th Regiment, Invalid Corps, Col. G. W. Gile, was sent to 
Washington. 
Many Philadelphia men going to New Jersey to enlist, attracted by larger 
bounties. The Philadelphia bounty at this time was $250, national bounty 
in addition $402. 

November 19th. Dedication of the Soldiers' Cemetery at Gettysburg. 

December sth. Councils appropriated $1,000,000 for bounties. 

December 23d. The 29th Regiment, P. V., Col. Wm. Rickards, Jr., returned on 
furlough. This was the first of the three years' regiments to arrive 
home. 

December 25th. Special celebrations and dinners at all of the military hospitals. 

December 29th. School for the instruction of proposed officers of colored regi- 
ments opened at 1210 Chestnut street. 

CHRONOLOGY, 1864. 

January ist. It was announced that the quota of Philadelphia had been filled 

and bounties for enlistments were discontinued. 
January Sth. The 91st Regiment arrived home. 
January loth. The 28th Regiment returned. 

January 14th. A portion of the 31st Regiment (2d Reserves) returned. 
January i6th. The re-enlisted men of the 95th Regiment (Gosline's Zouaves) 

paraded. 
January 17th. The Sth Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops, departed for the front. 
January 24th. The 75th Regiment arrived. 
January 26th. The 72d Regiment returned. 
January 29th. Gen. Gantt, late of the Confederate army, appeared at the Academy 

of Music in behalf of the Union men of the South. 
February 3d. The 98th Regiment arrived. 
February 5th. The 89th Regiment (Sth Cavalry) arrived. 
February 9th. Numerous regiments of New York State and New England passed 

through the city homeward bound. 
February loth. The 22d Regiment, U.S. Colored Troops, left for the South. 
February 12th. The 99th Regiment arrived. 

The 88th Regiment returned. 
February 22d. Washington's Birthday parade of all the troops in the city. 
February 23d. The 183d Regiment (4th Union League Regiment) left for the 

front. 
February 29th. The 29th Regiment re-enlisted and was sent to Chester bar- 
racks. 
^ Delaware slave owners apphed for the bounties of slaves enlisted in Philadel- 
phia. 
March 2d. Twelve hundred Confederate prisoners en route to Fort Delaware 

were fed at the refreshment saloons. 
23 



354 

March 3(i The southern guerilla chief, Basil Duke, a prisoner, was lodged at 
the Continental Hotel and cheered by disloyal citizens. 

March 7th. The 69th Regiment returned. 

March loth. The 113th Regiment (12th Cavalry Regiment) returned. 

March 13th. The 56th Regiment returned. 

March 15th. The President ordered a new draft for 200,000 men for April 15th. 
Philadelphia's quota for the drafts of February and April, 1864, was 
estimated at 17,500 men. 

March i8th. Many of the schools were busy raising money for the proposed 
Sanitary Fair. 
The Naval Committee visited League Island. 

March 19th. Launch of the U. S. S. Yantic at the Navy Yard. 

March 22d. Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant and staff were at the Continental Hotel. 

March 30th. The 99th Regiment (re-enlisted) left for the front. 

April 15th. The 69th Regiment (re-enlisted) left for Chester barracks. 

May 3d. The i88th Regiment being organized from surplus volunteers of the 
3d Regiment, Artillery. 

May I2th. Parade of colored troops from Camp WilHam Penn. 

May iSth. Governor Curtin called for the formation of militia regiments in Penn- 
sylvania, subject to call for 100 days' service as U. S. Volunteers. 

May 21 St. The old Washington Guard being reorganized by Col. Wm. F. Small 
as the 60th Regiment, P. M. 

May 31st. Arrival of the 27th Regiment. 

June 7th. The ist, 2d and 7th Reserves were welcomed home with special honors. 
The Sanitary Fair opened in Logan Square. 

June i6th. The 7th Reserves returned. 

June 17th. President Lincoln visited the Sanitary Fair. 

The 71st Regiment arrived home, being accorded many honors. 

June 2Sth. Close of the Sanitary Fair. 

July 1st. The 58th Regiment returned on furlough. The re-enlisted men num- 
bered 243. 

July 4th. Salutes by Philadelphia Union Artillery at Nineteenth and Callowhill 
streets, by Gray Reserves at the Navy Yard, by warships in port. Parade 
of sailors and marines. Review and fireworks at Camp William Penn. 
Flag-raising by the "Houser Cadets" in the First Ward. Receptions at 
the National Union and Union League Clubs. 

July loth. Proclamation by Governor Andrew G. Curtin calling for emergency 
volunteers was posted on the streets and read from pulpits of all churches. 

July nth. Battalions of the 43d and 45th Regiments, U. S. Infantry, colored 
troops, left for the front. 

July I2th. Confederate raiders cut off train and telegraphic service between 
Philadelphia and Baltimore. Great activity at armories. A field battery 
of marines and volunteers rushed to Havre de Grace. 

July i8th. Arrival of the 9Sth Regiment. 

July 19th. Stroud's Independent Company of Cavalry (Railroad Troops) left 
for the South. 

July 23d. The I92d Regiment (Custom House troops) left for Baltimore. 

July 28th. Departure of the 196th Regiment (National Guards) for Baltimore 
and Chicago. 

July 29th. The 197th Regiment (3d Coal Regiment) left for Rock Island, 111. 

August 1st. Reports of the burning of Chamber sburg by the Confederate cavalry 
aroused the city to greater activity in projects for defence. 

August 4th. A day of national humiliation and prayer. 

August 5th. The Keystone Battery left for Huntingdon County, Pa. 

August I2th. The 72d Regiment (Baxter's Fire Zouaves) was welcomed home 
with a great demonstration of troops and firemen. 

August 20th. The 3d Cavalry (6oth Regiment) returned, being escorted by mili- 
tary in an extended parade. 



355 

August 22d. The 58th (veteran) Regiment returned, under re-enlistment, to the 

front. 
August 25th. The arrival of the 23d Regiment was attended by another great 

reception by the firemen and citizens. 
August 2gth. Return of the io6th Regiment. The escort included the Baxter 

Fire Zouaves, the Henry Guards and other local troops. 
September 6th. Arrival of the 82d Regiment. Reception postponed to following 

day. 
September 7th. Three Philadelphia companies of the 61 st Regiment arrived 

home. 
September iSth. Departure of the 198th Regiment (6th Union League Regiment) 

and of Stroud's Troop (Railroad Cavalry), the latter going to Easton, Pa. 
September 21st. Departure of the 203d Regiment 
September 28th. The 127th U. S. (colored) Regiment left from Camp William 

Penn. 
September 30th. The 199th Regiment left for the front. 
October 7th. Hastings' Keystone Battery returned. 

October 13th. The 47th U. S. (colored) Regiment left Camp Cadwalader. 
October 17th. Launch of U. S. S. Chattanooga at Cramp's Ship Yard. 
October 21st. Military funeral of Gen. David B. Birney. 
October 30th. The l92d Regiment (the Custom House Regiment) arrived. 
November ist. It was announced that Philadelphia had filled the quota under 

the July call for troops without a draft. 
November sth. The 196th Regiment left for duty at Fort Delaware. 

A provisional Brigade from the Army of the Potomac, consisting of the 

93d, 104th, 119th and 138th Pennsylvania Infantry, of the Sixth Corps, 

were encamped in Philadelphia to prevent Copperhead riots during the 

national election. 
A large number of bounty- jumpers marched, in irons, through the streets and 

were sent to the army. 
November 6th. Great factional disorder preceding the national elections. 
November i6th. Fireworks display at the Union League. 
November 17th. Many furloughed soldiers returned to their commands. 
November 22d. General U. S. Grant visited Philadelphia. 

November 24th. Thanksgiving festivities and patriotic services in the churches. 
November 28th. Recruiting started for the "2d Fire Zouave Regiment." 
November 30th. A portion of the 90th Regiment returned. 
December 6th. A large number of parolled soldiers from southern prison pens 

arrived, many in a dying condition. 
December 7th. Headquarters Military Department of Pennsylvania removed to 

Philadelphia. 
The colored population celebrated the end of slavery in Maryland. 
December 13th. Philadelphia merchants gave a banquet to Captain J. A. Wins- 
low, U. S. N., commander of the Kearsarge. 
December 15th. City bounties stopped. Total of bounties paid by City Treasurer 

to date $6,796,600. 
December 2Sth. Christmas dinners provided at the military hospitals to about 

12,000 men through donation of the "Mrs. M. G. Egbert Fund." 

CHRONOLOGY— 1865. 

January ist. Donation dinners were provided at all of the military hospitals. 
January loth. A meeting of citizens was convened in behalf of the suffering poor 

of Savannah, Ga. 
January iSth. The Keystone Battery celebrated the capture of Fort Fisher with 

one hundred guns. 
January 20th. A delegation of working women employed in connection with 

work at the Schuylkill Arsenal visited President Lincoln to protest against 

the contract system. 



356 

January 24th. The Officers' Hospital was moved from Camac's Woods to a 
brick building at Twenty- fourth and Chestnut streets. 

February i8th. At a meeting of the Corn Exchange it was decided to raise a 
"Birney Brigade" of three infantry regiments. 

February 19th. News received that Charleston, S. C, had been evacuated by 
the Confederate forces. 

February 23d. A draft was commenced in the Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, 
Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Wards. 

March nth. The 213th Regiment broke camp and started southward. 

March 23d. A mass meeting was held at the Academy of Music to promote 
assistance to deserters from the rebel armj^ 

March 30th. The University Light Artillery was organized by the literary de- 
partment of the University of Pennsylvania. 

April 1st. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second and Twenty- 
fourth Wards had raised their quota of troops under the pending requisi- 
tion. The balance of the city was still short 3,580 men. 

April 3d. General rejoicing, parades and illuminations upon receipt of news 
that Richmond had fallen. 

April 4th. The Union League marched to Independence Hall and held a patriotic 
demonstration. 

April 8th. The 214th Regiment, P. V., departed for the Soitth. 

April loth. Dispatches announcing the surrender of General Lee's army resulted 
in great rejoicing through the city. 

April 15th. The announcement of the murder of President Lincoln the previous 
evening, at Washington, resulted in scenes of wild excitement. 

April 22d. The body of the late President was escorted to Independence Hall 
by an imposing military and civic procession. 

April 24th. The remains of Mr. Lincoln were taken to New York City. 

April 26th. The 215th Regiment (9th Union League Regiment) left for the South. 
This was the last organization of volunteers to go out from Philadel- 
phia. 

May 2d. The 24th Regiment (colored troops) left for southern service. 

May 3d. Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant and family moved into the residence upon 
Chestnut street which had been presented to them by citizens. 

May 14th. The Union League opened its new club house upon Broad street. 

May i6th. The Pennsylvania Home for Invalid Soldiers and Sailors was in- 
augurated at the Academy of Music. 

May 2ist.,The 114th Regiment (Collis Zouaves) arrived home. 

June loth. Grand review of the returning veterans, in a heavy rain. 

June 24th. Reception to Gen. U. S. Grant at the Union League. 

Note. — By July ist nearly all of the Philadelphia regiments had returned to 
the city. The records of their dates of arrival are so conflicting that they cannot 
now be definitely ascertained. The 9Sth Regiment reached home on July 19th and 
the 75th on September 12th. At the end of 1865 the only Pennsylvania regiments 
still in the service were the 58th, 195th and 214th Infantry, the 2d Artillery and 
one battalion of the 19th Cavalry. 



The second paragraph, page 224, should read : 

"In the course of tl:e first year of the war, before the hospital service became 
efficient, the general mortality in the army was 1.72 per cent, from battle casualties 
and 5.04 per cent, from disease. In the Atlantic Division. Army Medical Depart- 
ment, the mortality from disease was 3.34 per cent., and in the Central Division 
8.21 per cent." 



QElNfBRAl^ IINDEX 



The names of Philadelphia officers below the rank of captain who died in 
the service are included in the list upon pages 2S0 to 291. 



Adams, H. A., 200. 
Addis, Isaac, 341. 
Agnew, D. Hayes, 227, 232. 
Ahl, Thos. J., 57, S8, 59- 
Airey, Washington, 289. 
Alden, Chas. H., 228. 
Allen, Harrison, 200, 228. 
Allen, Wm. W., 341. 
Ames, John W., 1S9, 190. 
Anderson, Jas. L., 150, 2S7. 
Anderson, Wm., 294. 
Angeroth, Chas., Sr., 150, 157. 
Angeroth, Chas., 27, 54. 
Armor, W^m. C, 294. 
Ashbrook, Joseph, 294. 
Asher, Jere. W., 190, 266, 291. 
Ashton, F. M., 200. 
Ashurst, R. L., 294. 
Averill Wm. W., 157. 
Ayres, Peter B., 294. 

Bailey, Wm., 169. 

Baird, Geo. W., 193. 

Baker, E. D., 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 

113. 283. 
Baldwin L. K., 232. 
Ballier, John F., 36, 116, 293, 340. 
Banes, Chas. H., 295. 
Bankson, John P., 340. 
Barnes, J. K., 292. 
Barrett, John, 79, 282. 
Barry, David S., 341. 
Bassett, I. C, 51, 104, 293. 
Bavington, John, 40. 
Baxter, DeWitt C, 86, 91, 92, 

293, 340. 
Beale, Joseph, 200. 
Beath, Robert B., 190, 326, 328. 

330. 
Beamish, J. W., 286. 
Belsterling, J. J., io6, 283. 
Benson, Edwin N., 22. 
Benson, R. Dale, 358, 295, 340. 
Belts, Chas. M., 177, 178, 335. 
Bewley, Chas. H., 79. 
Bickley, L. \N., 235. 
Bickell, J. M., 40. 
Biddle, Alex., 135. 
Biddle, Chapman, 23, 135. 
Biddle, Craig, 17. 
Biddle, H. J., 21, 65, 291. 
Biddle, Mark G., 40. 
Biles, Edwin R., 118, 119, 341. 
Binney, Horace, 295. 
Birney, D. B., 21, 49, 122, 125, 

291, 292. 
Bingham, H. H., 333. 
Bishop, D. B., 49. 
Blake, Geo. A. H., 22, 292. 
Blakiston, Tos. B., 24. 
Blakeley, Theo., 281. 
Blanchard, Wm., 22. 
Bodine, Robt. L., 52, S3. 293. 
Bohlen, W. H. C, 98, 99, 100, 

292, 293. 
Bolinger, H. C, 72. 
Boiling, Robt., 235. 



Bonnaffon, S., Jr., 119, 295, 335, 

340. 
Borthwick, D., 200. 
Bosbyshell, O. C, 340. 
Bournonville, A. C, 229. 
Bowen, E. R., 125. 
Bowen, Geo. K., 145, 272, 273. 
Bowman, Wendell P., 340. 
Brady, Eugene, 288. 
Brady, James, 147, 295, 341. 
Brainerd, Thos., 266. 
Breed, Wm. M., 229. 
Breel, H. C, 290. 
Bregy, F. Amadee, 341. 
Breitenbach, J. R., 295. 
Breiickner, Aug., 284. 
Brightly, Chas. H., 291. 
Briner, Wm., 69. 
Brinton, Robt. M., 295, 340. 
Brinton, Joseph P., 155, 156, 295. 
Brisbin, Jas. S., 293. 
Briscoe, J. C, 145, 146, 271, 272, 

294. 
Brooke, John R., 293, 323. 
Brooke, W-'m. R., 295. 
Brown, J. D., 282. 
Brown, Wm. R., 200. 
Brown, Orlando, 192. 
Bryan, T. M., Jr., 180. 
Buchanan, J. A., 227, 232. 
Btirns, W. W., 89, 91, 93. 
Burnett, Robt. L., 22. 
Buschbeck, A., 54, 96. 

Cadwalader, Chas. E., 24. 
Cadwalader, C. G., 341. 
Cadwalader, George, 31, 43, 196, 

292, 323. 
Cadwalader, C. N., 295. 
Camac, W'm. M., 228. 
Calhoun, A. R., 326. 
Cameron, Wm. H., 228. 
Campbell, Alex., 290. 
Campbell, Chas. T., 147, 293. 
Campbell, John, 224. 
Campbell, Thos. E., 248. 
Campbell, David, 160. 
Cantador, L., 54. 
Carpenter, John C, 82, 83. 
Carpenter, J. E., 295. 
Carroll, Edw'd, 114, 286. 
Carroll, Jas. G., 115, 286. 
Carson. E. F., 200. 
Cash, John C 200. 
Casner, John F., 293. 
Cassells, John, 295. 
Cavada, F. F., 123, 293. 
Chadwick, Peter B., 341. 
Chamberlin, Thos., 139. 
Chandler, Jos. S., 123, 287. 
Chantry, A. W., 81. 
Chapman, T. D. G., 286. 
Chapman, John C, 72. 
Chauncey, Chas., 24. 
Chew, W. Wesley, 341. 
Chorman, E. G., 163. 
Clancy, Jas. T., 240, 230. 

357 



Clark, Chas. P., 293. 
Clark, Gideon, 133, 294, 295. 
Clark, J. Ross, 341. 
Clay, Cecil, 77, 78, 294. 
Cleeman, R. A., 227, 228. 
Cline, John, 288. 
Cochrane, Geo., 200. 
Collis, Chas. H. T., 124, 293, 333. 
Colwell, Jas., 293. 
Connor, Eli T., 102. 
Cooke, Jay, 220, 221, 223. 
Coppee, Henry, 63. 
Corrie, Wm. A., 163. 
Corson, Robt., 20S, 224. 
Cosslett, Chas., 129, 295, 341. 
Craig, Joseph R., 328, 330. 
Couch, Darius X., 43. 
Crawford, S. Wylie, 66, 292. 
Cresson, C. C, 96, 97. 
Cromley, Geo., 2S8. 
Crosby, John W., 79, 80, 282, 293. 
Crowther, Jas. D., 122, 292. 
Cumrnings, A. B., 200. 
Cunningham, A. J., 126, 287. 
Cunningham, O. C, 273. 
Curry, Wm. L., 93, 95, 287. 
Curtis, C. B., 77. 
Curtis, Geo. R., 288. 

DaCosta, J. A., 228. 
Dahlgren, John A., 200, 291, 320. 
Dahlgren, Ulric, 291, 321. 
Dale, R. C, 129, 288, 292. 
Dare, Chas. P., 32, 37, 40, 43, 49. 
Darrach, J., 228. 
Davis, Chas. B., 283. 
Davis, G. H., 326. 
Davis, Jacob M., no, 341. 
Davis, Richard W., 288. 
Davis, Wm., 87, 88. 
Dawson, Wm. M., 79. 
Dechert, Rob't P., 293, 340. 
Deck, Geo. H., 232. 
De Korpenay, G., 57. 
Delph, John H., 104, 283. 
Denney, John P., 341. 
Dixon, W. C, 232. 
Donaldson, F. A., 130, 341. 
Dorr, W. W.. 289. 
Doyle, John T., 273. 
Draper, J. W., 229. 
Donnelly, V. P., 79. 
Doubleday, U., 194. 
Duffy, Michael, 283. 
Duke, Chas. W., 109. 
Durang, John T., 341. 
Dutton, Jas., 293. 
Dull, Wm. H., 283. 
Dungan, F. T., 282. 
Dunglinson, R. J., 229. 
Dunne, John P., 127. 

Eakin, C. M., 18, 19, 218, 219. 
Eddy, H. M., 287. 
Edgerton, N. H., 336. 
Egbert, H. C, 24. 
Egbert, Geo. T., 141, 240. 



358 



Egbert, Horace P., 142. 
Eggleton, H., 228. 
Einstein, Max, 20, 54. 
Ellet, Chas. M., Jr., 259, 290. 
Ellet, Chas. R., 260, 290. 
Ellis, Richard, 68. 
Elliott, F. A., 68, 125. 287. 
Elliott, Thos. H., 291. 
Ellmaker, P. C, 18, 19, 133. 
Ely, John, 40, 50. 294- 
Engle, A. H., 22, 291. 
Eyre, Geo. W., 285. 

Fair, Chas., 137, 275. 
Fassitt, John B., 335. 
Fagan, L. E., 22. 
Fagan, Maurice E., 295. 
Faust, H. B., 285. 
Febiger, J. C, 200. 
Fell, J. G., 241. 
Felton, Sam'l M., 44. 
Ferguson, A. C, 341. 
Field, Joshua R., 330. 
Finnic, J. Orr, 43, 270. 
Fisher, C. R., 291. 
Fitzki, Edw'd, 251. 
Fletcher, T. B., 281. 
Franklin, Wm. B., 292. 
Frick, Wm. E., 282. 
Frink, H. A., 43, 294. 
Frink, West, 295. 
Fribley, Chas. W., 291. 
Friedman, Max, i6o. 
Frishmuth, Wm., 170, 187. 
Frishmuth, B., 251. 
Fritz, Peter, 118, 340. 
'^'•itz, Peter, Jr., 294. 

fitz, Jere. W., 23, 219. 

try, Wm. H., 179, 295. 
/lynn, John J., 57, 59. 
Foering, John O., 295. 
Foggo, Wm. G., 235. 
Forney, Jas., 200. 
Forbes, W. S., 229. 
Ford, Edw'd L., 134, 289, 29s. 
Forsyth, J. McQ., 200. 
Fortescue, L. R., 333. 
Foust, B. F., 107, 294. 
Franklin, Wm. B., 292. 
Frost, M. C, 287. 
Fuller, John W., 191. 
Fulmer, M., 83. 
Furness, Frank, 335. 
Furness, Wm. E., 24. 
Funk, Milton, 287. 
Furey, Thos. 341. 

Gallagher, T. F., 294. 
Gallagher, Jas. A., 172. 
Gallagher, John C., 282. 
Garvin, Benj. F., 200. 
Gaskill, Wm. P., 146. 
Geary, John W., 57. 
Geary, E. R., 59. 
Gibson, A. A., 150, 151. 
Gilbert, Chas. C, 294. 
Gile, Geo. W., 106, 236, 294. 
Gilpin, W. H., 349. 
Giltinan, H. J., 284. 
Givin, Jas., 130, 293. 
Givin, S. Irvin, 145, 326. 
Givin, Alex. W., 295. 
Glading, N. P., 341. 
Glenn, J. F., 49, 50. 
Glenn, E. A., 272, 290, 295. 
Goddard, Paul B., 228. 
Goddard, Kingston, Jr., 228. 



Godon, S. W., 200. 
Gonigle, Chas. W., 284. 
Goodman, Sam'l, 295. 
Goodman, Wm. E., 295, 335. 
Gordon, David, 295. 
Gorgas, Albert C, 200. 
Gorgas, John A., 241, 274, 341. 
Gosline, John M., 113, 286. 
Gramlich, C. F., 330, 
Gray, Wm. A., 36, 251. 
Gray, Wm. C, 295. 
Graeff, John T., 41, 291. 
Green, John P., 258. 
Greene, John A., 341. 
Greene, Chas. S., 79. 
Greenleaf, C. H., 234, 235. 
Gregg, D. McM., 165, 323. 
Gregg, John G., 145. 
Gregg, J. Irvin, 179. 
Gregory, E. M., iii, 293. 
Grier, Wm. P., 224. 
Grier, Jas. B., 285. 
Gries, John M., 24, 286. 
Griffith, David A., 107. 
Griffith, Orlando B., 295. 
Grubb, E. Burd, 341. 

Haines, Aguilla, 219. 
Hailstock, Chas. A., 341. 
Haldeman, C. S., 196. 
Hale, Reuben C, 17. 
Hall, Elisha, 114, 286. 
Hall, Thos. M., 135, 289. 
Hall, Joseph W., 40, 174. 
Halpin, Geo., 288. 
Hammell, R. W., 251. 
Hand, Chas. H., 295. 
Hamersly, G. W., 295. 
Hardin, M. D. 
Harlan, Josiah, i6g. 
Harlow, L. D., 229. 
Harper, John, 113, 295. 
Harris, E. M., 22. 
Harrison, H. N., 174. 
Hartley, Jas., 296. 
Harvey, Elisha B., 72. 
Harvey, E. J., 281. 
Harvey, Jas., 283. 
Hassinger, D. S., 296. 
Hastings, Matthew, 40, 27s, 279. 
Haslett, John R., 278. 
Haskell, L. F., 193. 
Haupt, Herman, 46, 293. 
Hawkins, Geo. W., 286. 
Hawksworth, Thos., 83, 282. 
Hays, Alex., 293. 
Hayes, I. I., 231. 
Hearns, Geo. A., 188. 
Heenan, Dennis, 128. 
Heintzelman, S. P., 292. 
Henry, James, 229. 
Henry, John C, 289. 
Herring, Chas. P., 294, 341. 
Hess, Henry, 284. 
Hess, Jos. P., 181. 
Hesser, Theo., 92, 283. 
Hesset, Theo., 92, 283. 
Hewes, H. W., 341. 
Hibbard, V. P., 229. 
Hill, Wm. H., 296. 
Hillner, H., 232. 
Hindmarsh, H. E., 295. 
Hoburg, G., 98. 
Hodgson, C. M., 134, 289. 
Hoff, Henry K., 200. 
Hofmann, J. Wm., 75, 76, 294, 
340. 



Hoguet, F., 341. 
Holder, Chas., 229. 
Hopkinson, O., 246, 250. 
Houder, J., 285. 
Hough, A. L., 22. 
Houpt, Wm. L., 288. 
Howell, L., 275. 
Howell, H. S., 109, 266, 285. 
Howell, J. C, 200. 
Hoyt, H. F., 341. 
Hubbs, Wm. B., 113, 286. 
Huey, Pennock, 113, 105. 
Huffington, Thos. E., 341. 
Hughes, Robt. B., 295. 
Huidekoper, H. S., 138, 335. 
Humes, Geo. C., 134, 289. 
Humphreys, A. A., 43, 292. 
Hutt, John H., 290. 

Iddings, C. E., 232. 
Ide, Chas. K., 341. 
Irwin, Wm. H., 294. 
Ivers, Albert, 296. 

Jack, John T., 76. 
Jacobus, Peter H., 341. 
James, Thos. C, 38, 167, 286. 
Tames, Henry, 229. 
Jarden, John S., 287. 
Jeffries, R. M., 288. 
Jenks, Barton H., 246. 
Jones, D. D,, 296. 
Jones, David M., 122. 
Jones, Geo. W., 138, 139. 
Jones, Edw'd S., 157. 

{ones, J. Richter. 
ones, Sutton, 284. 
Jordan, Thos. J., 167. 

Kane, Patrick, 173. 
Kane, Thos. L., 293. 
Keating, W. V., 228. 
Kelly, Thos., 283. 
Kenderdine, R. S., 224, 225, 231. 
Keenan, Peter, 166, 285. 
Keen, W. W., 22S, 229. 
Keil, Henry, 288. 
Kennard, John T., 341. 
Kern, Mark, 147, 148, 281. 
Keyser, Jas. D., 341. 
Kiddoo, Jos. B., 191. 
Kimball, J. W., 296. 
Kirwin, Michael, 172. 
Kleinz, Christopher, 161. 
Kline, John, 173. 
Knap, Jos. M., 154. 
Knight, Wm. H., 296. 
Knight, Chas. C, 341. 
Knorr, M. J., 228. 
Kneass, C. L., 22, 291. 
Kneass, N. B., 218. 
Kochersperger, C, 90. 
Koch, Thos. J., 108, 285. 
Kohler, Jacob, 171. 
Kohler, John B., 286. 
Knowles, O. B., 294. 
Koillock, John W., 341. 
Koltes, John A., 96, 2S4. 
Koons, Fred'k, 341. 
Kuhn, J. H., 21, 280. 

Ladner, Louis J., 341. 
Lambert, Wm. H., 296. 
Lambdin, J. H., 296. 
Lancaster, F. A., 126, 287. 
Lane, D. M., 43. 
Landell, E. A., 296, 341. 



359 



Landis, H. D., 220, 248. 
Lardner, Jas. L., 196, 200. 
Latta, James W., 18, 396, 326, 

328, 341. 
Latta, Wm. J.. 285. 
Lauber, M. L., 235. 
Laudenslager, t., 341. 
Lavalette, E. A. F., 200. 
Laws, Peter F., 281. 
Laycock, H. A., 75, 76. 
Leavitt, L., 227. 
Le Conte, J. L., 224. 
Lee, Horace |M., 102, 284. 
Lee, Robt. M., Jr., 284. 
Leech, Wm. A., 294, 341. 
Lehman, D. J., 108, 285. 
Lehman, W. E., 43. 
Ledig, Aug., 99, 100. 
Leib, Frank, 129. 
Leibfried, Jacob, 96, 284. 
Leidy, Jos., 232. 
Leidy, Asher S., 118, 119. 
Leiper, Chas. L., 162. 
Lenhart, Jacob, 70. 
Lennard, J. M., 24. 
Lentz, David H., 296. 
Letterman, J., 224. 
Lewis, Sam'l N., 341. 
Lewis, Sam'l N., 341. 
Lewis, Wm. D., Jr., 32, 35, 36, 

122. 
Lewis, R. J., 227. 
Lewis, Enoch E., 122. 
Linn, D. F., 281. 
Livingston, John, 200. 
Loud, Edw'd D. C, 340. 
Lovett, Geo. C, 289. 
Lujeane, R., 118. 
Lyie, David M., 238. 
Lyle, Peter, 31, 32, 36, 108, no, 

340. 
Lyman, Jonas W., 274. 
Lynch, Aug. T., 141, 142. 
Lynch, Jas. C, 141, 240. 
Lynch, Jas. B., 294. 

McAloon, P. A., 56, 280. 
McBride, A., 284. 
McCall, George A., 65. 
McCalla, T. H., 114, 296. 
McCandless, Wm., 67, 68. 
McCauley, Edw'd Y., 200. 
McCawley, Chas. G., 200. 
McClellan, George B., 46, ig6, 

23s, 292. 
McClellan, J. H. B., 235. 
McCluney, W. J., 200. 
McClure, Wm. M., 150, 151. 
McCook, H. C, 341. 
McCormick, C. C, 294. 
McCullough, J. F., 141, 240, 292. 
McEwen, Chas. J., 290. 
McEwan, H. D., 200. 
McGovern, John, 341. 
Mcintosh, John B., 157. 
Mcllvaine, H. C, 200. 
McKean, Wm., 200. 
McKeen, H, Boyd, 102, 284. 
McKibbin, D. B., 241, 274, 292. 
McLean, C. R., 235. 
McLean, Jos. A., 292. 
McLean, Geo. P., 106, 141, 240, 

251- 
McLearn, Geo. W., 282. 
McMichael, Wm., 17, 340. 
McMurtrie, D., 232, 294. 
Magilton, A. L., 71. 



Maginniss, Thos. H., 340. 

Mahler, Francis, 99, 284. 

Mann, Wm. B., 67, 248. 

March, Robt. G., 71. 

Marchant, H. A., a8o. 

Markoe, John, 294. 

Marston, John, 20cr. 

Martin, J. P., 341. 

Martin, S. H., 336. 

Martin, Thos. S., 280. 

Martino, C, 72. 

Matlack, W. H., 232. 

Maxwell, John, 340. 

Mead, Jas. P., 296. 

Meade, Geo., 296. 

Meade, George G., 65, 66, 69, 

73, 292. 
Mears, J. E., 341. 
Mehler, Adolph, 116. 
Meigs, M. C, 292. 
Melville, Geo. W., 200, 323. 
Mercer, John D., 134, 288. 
Merchant, Clarke, 200. 
Meredith, S. A., 75, 293. 
Merrill, Lewis, 294. 
Merrick, Geo. W., 144. 
Middleton, G., 183. 
Mlotowski, S., 154. 
Miller, E. S., 40, 249. 
Miller, Jas., 102, 292. 
Mindil, G. W., 79, 293, 336. 
Mitchell, Jas. H., 296. 
Mitchell, R. W., 296. 
Mitchell, S. B. Wylie, 296, 323, 

Mitchell, S. Weir, 24, 228, 229. 
Moeller, H. C, 290. 
Moffitt, S. G., 53. 
Monroe, R. S., 287. 
Montgomery, J. E., 38. 
Montgomery, W. R., 43. 
Moore, Wm., 96. 
Moore, John W., 273, 290. 
Morehead, T. G., 30, 32, 86, 93, 

294. 
Morehouse, G. R., 229. 
Morris, G. C, 341. 
Morris, Robt., Jr., 21, 163, 283. 
Morris, Thos., 296. 
Morrison, Jas. F., 326. 
Morrow, A. J., 296. 
Morton, T. G., 229. 
Morton, Jas. St. C, 294. 
Moss, Jos. L., 171. 
Moss, Wm. C, 289. 
Muehleck, G. A., 96. 
Muirheid, H. P., 340. 
Muldoon, Jas., 341. 
Mullen, D., 341. 
Mulholland, St. Clair A., 128, 

129, 293, 328, 336. 
Murphy, Alex., 219, 250. 
Murphy, John K., 61 294. 
Murray, John B., 271, 272. 
Murray, Robt., 224. 
Myers, H. R., 106. 
Myers, Wilbur F., 285. 

Naglee, H. M., 293. 
Nebiger, Andrew, 211, 225. 
Neff, Harmanus, 240, 278, 340. 
Neiler, Jas. R., 296. 
Neilson, H. B., 169, 287. 
Neilson, Gavin, 41. 
Neill, Thos. H., 49, 50, 293. 
Newhall, W. S., 158, 159, 282. 



Newhall, Fred'k C, 296. 



^ 



Newkumet, John, 218, 247. 
Newlin, A. S., 296. 
Nicholas, Alex. F., 333. 
Nicholson, John P., 255, 257, 

296, 323- 
Norris, A. Wilson, 326, 340. 
Norris, E. C, 283. 
Northrop, B. T., 296. 
Norton, Wm. A., 287. 
Nowlen, G., 128, 129, 288, 296. 

O'Brien, John T., 296. 
O'Callaghan, C. M., 341. 
O'Neill, Henry, 296. 
O'Kane, Dennis, 87, 282. 
Orr, Robt. L., 79, 296, 336. 
Osborn, Geo. B., 76. 
Owen, Joshua T., 38, 86, 87, 93, 
293- 

Packard, J. H., 229. 
Packer, Edw'd E., 341. 
Palmer, Wm. J., 46, 175, 177, 

294. 336. . 
Palmer, Edwin, 43. 
Pancoast, Wm. H., 228. 
Pardee, Ario, Jr., 137. 
Parke, John G., 292. 
Parsons, Theo. H., iii. 
Parsons, John E., 143, 144. 
Parsons, Thos. H., 285. 
Patrick, John, 81. 
Patton, R. S., 219. 
Patterson, Robt., 31, 32, 34, 292. 
Patterson, F. I., 32. 
Paul, H. M., 206. 
Pauling, John D., 282. 
Peck, Henry J., 341. 
Peltz, Sam'l H., 200. 
Pennypacker, Galusha, 293. 
Pendergrast, G. J., 200. 
Perry, M. S., 232. 
Pleasonton, A. J., 40, 156, 217. 
Pierce, Lewis D., 170. 
Pleis, Ferd. M., 287. 
Pomeroy, A. A.. 290. 
Porter, Andrew, 293. 
Porter, David B., 200. 
Porter, Fitz John, 32, 44, 81, 

165. 
Potter, C. H., 294. 
Potter, H. C, 341. 
Prenot, L. F., 296. 
Pressner, H., 40. 
Preston, J. E., 333. 
Prevost, Chas. M., 130, 294, 341. 
Price, R. Butler, 155. 

Ralston, L. W., 120. 

Ramsey, Jos. F., 143. 

Randall, Edmund, 341. 

Randall, Sam'l J., 249. 

Randolph, W. F., 22. 

Read, Geo. C, 200. 

Reed, Abner, 200. 

Reeder, Frank, 181. 

Reen, Chas., 116, 117. 

Reichard, F. H., 78. 

Reno, Marcus A., 170, 294. 

Reno, J. I., 229, 292. 

Reynolds, John F., 65, 66, 67. 

Rhinehart, C, 341. 

Rhoads, Geo. B., 285. 

Rich, Wm. F., 248. 

Rickards, Wm. D., 61, 62, 63, 64. 

Ricketts, J. W., 288. 

Riedt, Aug., 56. 



36o 



Rippey, O. H., 79, 291. 
Robinson, Lewis W., 2oe. 
Roberts, Joseph, 152. 
Roberts, J. W. P., 296. 
Robertson, Jas. P., 200. 
Robertson, A. McI., 220. 
Robinson, John R., 179. 
Rodenbough, T. F., 180. 
Rodgers, Peter W., 289. 
Rogers, Isaac, 122. 
Ronckendorf, Wm., 200. 
Rose, Chas. A., 341. 
Rosengarten, A. G., 24, 176, 289, 

296. 
Rosengarten, Joseph G., 135, 

211, 296. 
Roussel, E. G., 284. 
Ruff, Chas. F., 268, 294. 
Rush, Rich'd H., 162, 236. 
Ryan, John W., 25, 341. 

Sacriste, L. J., 129, 297. 
Sage, Theo. M., 283. 
Sanders, W. W., 155. 
Saunders, Courtland, 288. 
Sargeant, W., 227. 
Satterlee, R. S., 232. 
Saylor, Benj., 296. 
Schaffer, Frank, 154, 197. 
Schoepf, J. N., 196, 199. 
Schoonmaker, J. N., 174. 
Scott, Thos. A., 16, 44, 41;, 46. 
Scott, J. W., 336. 
Scott, John, 288. 
Scott, Michael, 61. 
Schuyler, Philip R., 284. 
Scroggs, O. A., 192. 
Schwatlo, E.^ 286. 
Seeker, Philip, 290. 
Segebarth, H., 152, 197. 
Selfridge, J. L., 294. 
Sellers, A. J., 297. 
Sergeant, Wm., 290. 
Seymour, Truman, 66. 
Sharwood, D., 288. 
Sherlock, Sam'l, 102. 
Shermer, Benj. C, 297. 
Shinkel, H. R., 290. 
Shreve, R. L. R., 284. 
Sickel, H. G., 69, 70, 240, 271, 

273. 293. 
Sinex, Jos. H., 112. 
Skillern, S. R., 227. 
Sloan, John D., 280. 
Small, Wm. F., 26, 27, 28, $2, 

Smallwood, J. T., 290. 
Smith, A. H., 228. 
Smith, A. K., 224. 
Smith, Chas. R., 297. 
Smith, Chas. S., 249. 
Smith, Chas. F., 292, 320. 
Smith, Chas. W., 341. 
Smith, Henry R., 17. 
Smith, Geo. F., 79, 80. 
Smith, Mitchell, 90. 
Smith, R. Penn, 89. 
Smith, Sam'l C, 146. 
Smith, Stephen E., 160. 
Smith, Thos. A., 88. 
Sneyd, N. S., 173, 288. 
Snowden, Geo. R., 340. 
Southard, C, 279. 
Spear, Geo. C., 79, 282. 
Spear, John, 248. 
Spear, Sam'l P., 161, 169. 
Springer, Z. B., 129. 



Stafford, M. C, 341. 
Stainrook, H. J., lao, 287. 
Starr, Jas., 164, 341. 
Staunton, John F., 82. 
Steffan, J. M., 283. 
Stratton, F. A., 169. 
Steele, Joseph, 1^5, 156. 
Steelwagen, H. §., 200. 
Sterling, J. F., 289. 
Stewart, Wm. S., 341. 
Stewart, Frank B., 122, 123. 
Stewart, Chas., 200, 203, 219. 
Stewart, Wm., 287. 
Stewart, W. W., 271. 
Storrow, S. S., 229. 
Stratton, F. W., 169. 
Strawbridge, S. D., 150, 151. 
Stroud, Geo. D., 279. 
Supplee, A. C, 283. 
Swain, Clinton, 103, 284. 
Sweeney, Thos. W., 118. 
Sully, A. G., 293. 
Suydam, Chas. A., 328. 

Taggart, Chas. F., 282. 
Taggart, John H., 74. 
Taggart, Samuel. 129, 28S. 
Tapper, Thos. F. B., 71. 
Taylor, J. H., 227. 
Taylor, John, 326. 
Taylor, Lewis, 227. 
Taylor, Samuel AV., 297. 
Taylor, W. W., 19, 25 248. 
Terry, O. S., 43. 
Thomas, Hampton S., 336. 
Thomas, Wm. B., 40, 219 247, 277. 
Thompson, Edward R., 200. 
Thompson, Geo. C, 283. 
Thompson, John C, 341. 
Thomson, Frank. 
Thompson, Robt., 294. 
Thomson, J. Edgar, 31. 
Tiers, Edmund T., 140. 
Tilghman, B. C, 52, 189, 294. 
Tinen, P. S., 88. 
Tippen, A. H., 83, 84. 
Todd, Geo. W., iii 285, 297. 
Topham, C, 289. 
Tourison, Wm., 289. 
Town, Gustavus W., 113, 286. 
Town, Thos. J., 113. 
Tracy, Benj. F., 195. 
Treichel, Chas., 295. 
Truefitt, H. P., 134, 288. 
Truxton, Wm. T., 200. 
Tschudy, M., 88, 282. 
Tucker, Wm. E., 282. 
Tyndale, Hector, 293. 

Vanderslice, John M., 326. 

Vanderheyden, S. G., 129. 

Veale, Moses, 297, 336. 

Vezin Henry A., 297. 

Vogel, T. K., 297. 

Von Bierwirth, F., 283. 

Von Hartung. A., 98. 

Von Mitzel, A., 98. 

Von Matzdorf, A., 100. 

Von Schimmelpfennig, A., 98. 

Wagner, Louis, 106, 258, 187, 294, 

326, 340. 
Wagner, George E., igi. 
Wagner, O. G., 291. 
Wallace, E. E., iii, 213, 215. 
Wallace, Geo. W., 22. 
Wallace, W. J., 51. 
Wallace, J. W., 235. 



Walker, A. C, 280. 
Walters, A. H., 297, 341. 
\A'alton, Edwin, 330. 
Ward, Jos. R. C, 340. 
Ward, Wm. C, 341 
Warner, Chas. R., 134, 289 
Warner, H. C 297. 
Waterman, C. D., 291. 
Watmough, J. H., 200. 
Webb, A. S., 94. 
Webb, Wm., 88. 
Wiedersheim, VA'^m. A., 297. 
Wiedersheim, Theo. E., 340. 
Welch, Wm. W.. 235. 
Wellsj Clark H., 200. 
Wenrick, Jas. E., 289. 
\A^essels, F., 297. 
West, Robert M., 147, 160, 294. 
West, Nathaniel, 233. 
Whelan, H. C, 283. 
Whelan, Wm., 200. 
Whipple, W. D., 43, 240. 
Whisner, H. B., 74. 
White, Albert S., 146, 290. 
White, C. A., 297. 
White, Geo. R., 200. 
White, I. R., 288, 341. 
White, John C, 22. 
Whitehead, G. I., 297. 
Willauer, S. G., 129. 
Williams, D. H., 104. 
Williams, Edward E., 167. 
Williams, John W., 297. 
Williams, Joseph D., 2S3. 
Willitts, P. H., 284. 
Williamson, Samuel L., 160, 282. 
Wilson, Chas.. 284. 
Wilson, Geo. W., 281. 
Wilson, J. Lapsley, 3^1. 
Wilson, Jas. B., 297. 
Wilson, John L., 219. 
Wilson, 0. B.. 219. 
Wilson, Wm. B.. 45- 
Winn, Chas. A., 78. 
Winslow, Robt E., 83, 84, 294. 
Winter, Adolph, 100, 284. 
Wistar, Isaac J., 24, 8s, 8q, 293. 
Wister, Francis, 241, 279. 
Wister, Langhorne, 294. 
Wood, John F., 281. 
Woodeard, Geo. W., 297. 
Woodward, Enos. 250. 
Woodward, W. H., 276. 
Woolworth, Richard H., 70, 7'. 

281. 
Worman, John D., 328. 
Warman, Chas. H., 341. 
Wrigley, H. E., 146. 
Wrigley, Samuel, 297. 
Wright, John C, 129. 
Wyck, Christian, 100, 284. 
Wynkoop, Geo., 116. 
Wynkoop, John E., 183. 
Wynkoop, N. A., 284. 

Yardley, Mahlon, 43. 
Yarrow, Thos.. 228. 
Yeoman, S. B., 194. 
Yocum, J. W., 129. 
Yohn, Henry I., 328, 330. 
Young, Benj., F., 281. 
Young, Chas. M., 288. 
Young, Wm. H., iS7- 

Zeilin, Jacob, 200. 

Zell, T. Elwood, 276, 323- 

Zulick, S. M., 61, 64, 294. 



H 9^ 89 




t Office (Provost). 
I House. 
. Jay Cooke & Co. 
, Pennsylvania Bank (Provost). 
. Pennsylvania R. R. Offices. 
. Glrard Honse. 
, Continental Hotel. 

nsylvania H. R. Depot, 11th 
and Market sts. 
. Union League (on site of KeltU's 

Theatre). 
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. u. s. 

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and Chestnnt sts. 
, Provost Marshal, 1214 Locnat at. 
, JievF Union Leaffne Balldlng 

(1805). 
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, Soldiers' Reading Rooms, 20tb 
t., belotv Market st. 



isslouers' Hall, West Phlla. 

ry Clothing Depot, S3d and 

Filbert sts. 

MatthciTs t& Moore, Cannon 

Fonndry (on site of U. S. Mint). 

Balilnln A Co., Locomotives. 

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loiT Green st. 
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HOSPITALS 

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to- 
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t Honse, Darby Roiul. 
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, r.u-1 M£ 
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. Camac. 

. Islington Lane. 
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. Cuyler, Ger 













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#AUG 89 
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